Scholars@Duke
Liangbo Shen

Liangbo Shen

Provisional Faculty in the Department of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery

Selected Publications

Association between Baseline Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Anatomical and Functional Outcomes in Geographic Atrophy.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · February 2026 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) and both visual outcomes and geographic atrophy (GA) growth rate, and to assess whether SFChT mediates the treatment effect of oral metformin on GA progressio ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

STUDYING THE LONG-TERM NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASES USING A SHAPE-RESTRICTED NONPARAMETRIC TEMPORAL REALIGNMENT METHOD

Journal Article Annals of Applied Statistics · December 1, 2025 Understanding the natural course of chronic diseases is a fundamen-tal challenge in clinical science, given that disease onset is often unknown and long-term follow-up is impractical. To address this, statistical methods (i.e., disease progression modeling ... Full text Cite

Novel syringe handle for one-handed anterior chamber paracentesis.

Journal Article BMC Ophthalmol · November 28, 2025 BACKGROUND: Anterior chamber (AC) paracentesis is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic ophthalmic procedure, but the conventional technique poses ergonomic and safety challenges. METHODS: We developed a custom, low-cost, 3D-printed syringe handle that ena ... Full text Link to item Cite

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Journal Article Ophthalmology · November 2025 Full text Link to item Cite

Patient-reported visual difficulties associated with geographic atrophy from age-related macular degeneration.

Journal Article Int Ophthalmol · October 18, 2025 PURPOSE: To characterize visual difficulties associated with geographic atrophy (GA). METHODS: A prospective study included 91 participants with bilateral GA. A visual activities questionnaire was administered at baseline and annually for 2 years along wit ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Longitudinal Assessment of Cone Structure, Choriocapillaris, and Retinal Sensitivity in Choroideremia.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · August 1, 2025 PURPOSE: To investigate longitudinal changes in cone structure, choriocapillaris, and retinal sensitivity in choroideremia. METHODS: We assessed cone spacing z scores using adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy, analyzed choriocapillaris flow defic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Determinants of Four-Year Visual Acuity Loss in Geographic Atrophy: An Analysis of Age-Related Eye Disease Study and Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · July 2025 PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between geographic atrophy (GA) progression and change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) over 4 years and identify factors associated with faster BCVA loss. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of 2 randomized controlled ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proliferative retinopathy in nail-patella syndrome.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep · June 2025 PURPOSE: Nail-Patella Syndrome (NPS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease. Associated ocular abnormalities in NPS are well established, involving the anterior segment and predisposition to open-angle glaucoma. We report a patient with NPS who presented wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term natural history of ellipsoid zone width in USH2A-retinopathy.

Journal Article Br J Ophthalmol · February 24, 2025 AIMS: To investigate the long-term natural history of ellipsoid zone (EZ) width in USH2A-retinopathy. METHODS: EZ width measurements from optical coherence tomography were retrospectively obtained from 110 eyes of 55 participants with molecularly confirmed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of Hyperautofluorescence Signals with Geographic Atrophy Progression in the METformin for the MINimization of Geographic Atrophy Progression Trial.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · 2025 PURPOSE: To investigate the association between rim area focal hyperautofluorescence (RAFH) signals and geographic atrophy (GA) growth rates, as well as the impact of oral metformin on the longitudinal change of RAFH. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a random ... Full text Link to item Cite

ImageFlowNet: Forecasting Multiscale Image-Level Trajectories of Disease Progression with Irregularly-Sampled Longitudinal Medical Images

Conference ICASSP IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings · January 1, 2025 Advances in medical imaging technologies have enabled the collection of longitudinal images, which involve repeated scanning of the same patients over time, to monitor disease progression. However, predictive modeling of such data remains challenging due t ... Full text Cite

Geographic Atrophy Natural History Versus Treatment: Time to Fovea.

Journal Article Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina · October 2024 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Food and Drug Administration recently approved treatments of geographic atrophy (GA). Our study aims to quantify the time for a lesion to reach the central fovea based on reduction of GA growth rates from therapeutics compared ... Full text Link to item Cite

Informing Endpoints for Clinical Trials of Geographic Atrophy.

Journal Article Annu Rev Vis Sci · September 2024 Geographic atrophy (GA), the non-neovascular advanced form of age-related macular degeneration, remains an important disease area in which treatment needs are currently unmet. Recent clinical trials using drugs that target the complement pathway have shown ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal Choroidal Development in Preterm Infants.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · 2024 PURPOSE: To characterize changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness in preterm infants from 30 to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). DESIGN: The prospective, observational Study of Eye Imaging in Preterm infantS (BabySTEPS) enrolled infants eligible for reti ... Full text Link to item Cite

METformin for the MINimization of Geographic Atrophy Progression (METforMIN): A Randomized Trial.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · 2024 PURPOSE: Metformin use has been associated with a decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression in observational studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral metformin for slowing geographic atrophy (GA) progression. DESIGN: Pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

CUTS: A Deep Learning and Topological Framework for Multigranular Unsupervised Medical Image Segmentation

Conference Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics · January 1, 2024 Segmenting medical images is critical to facilitating both patient diagnoses and quantitative research. A major limiting factor is the lack of labeled data, as obtaining expert annotations for each new set of imaging data and task can be labor intensive an ... Full text Cite

Local progression kinetics of macular atrophy in recessive Stargardt disease.

Journal Article Ophthalmic Genet · December 2023 BACKGROUND: To determine the effect of lesion topography on progression in Stargardt disease (STGD1). METHODS: Fundus autofluoresence (excitation 488 nm) images of 193 eyes in patients with proven ABCA4 mutation were semi-automatically segmented for autofl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biphasic change in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness from 30 to 60 weeks postmenstrual age in preterm infants.

Journal Article Br J Ophthalmol · November 2023 BACKGROUND/AIMS: The optic nerve development during the critical postnatal weeks of preterm infants is unclear. We aimed to investigate the change of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in preterm infants. METHODS: We used an investigational handheld optical ... Full text Link to item Cite

The influence of the topographic location of geographic atrophy on vision-related quality of life in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration.

Journal Article Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol · March 2023 PURPOSE: To examine associations between the topographic distribution of geographic atrophy (GA) and vision-related quality of life (VRQoL). METHODS: This study included 237 eyes from 161 participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). GA lesion ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations between systemic health and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in preterm infants at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.

Journal Article Br J Ophthalmol · February 2023 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Neonatal insults from systemic diseases have been implicated in the pathway of impaired neurodevelopment in preterm infants. We aimed to investigate the associations between systemic health factors and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations of systemic health and medication use with the enlargement rate of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration.

Journal Article Br J Ophthalmol · February 2023 BACKGROUND: The associations of geographic atrophy (GA) progression with systemic health status and medication use are unclear. METHODS: We manually delineated GA in 318 eyes in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. We calculated GA perimeter-adjusted growth ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Retinal Microanatomy in Preterm Infants and 9-Month Visual Acuity.

Journal Article JAMA Ophthalmol · July 1, 2022 IMPORTANCE: Preterm infants are at risk for poor visual acuity (VA) outcomes, even without retinal problems on ophthalmoscopy. Infant retinal microanatomy may provide insight as to potential causes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between preterm in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Natural history of central sparing in geographic atrophy secondary to non-exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Journal Article Br J Ophthalmol · May 2022 BACKGROUND: The macular central 1 mm diameter zone is crucial to patients' visual acuity, but the long-term natural history of central sparing in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) is unknown. METHODS: We manually segmented GA in 210 eyes with GA involving ... Full text Link to item Cite

A hierarchical Bayesian entry time realignment method to study the long-term natural history of diseases.

Journal Article Sci Rep · March 22, 2022 A major question in clinical science is how to study the natural course of a chronic disease from inception to end, which is challenging because it is impractical to follow patients over decades. Here, we developed BETR (Bayesian entry time realignment), a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Subretinal Drusenoid Deposit Formation: Insights From Turing Patterns.

Journal Article Transl Vis Sci Technol · March 2, 2022 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the organized formation of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) may be a Turing pattern. METHODS: A Java-based computational model of an inferred reaction-diffusion system using paired partial diff ... Full text Link to item Cite

An In Silica Model for RPE Loss Patterns in Choroideremia.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · November 1, 2021 PURPOSE: To use empirical data to develop a model of cell loss in choroideremia that predicts the known exponential rate of RPE loss and central, scalloped preservation pattern seen in this disease. METHODS: A computational model of RPE loss was created in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Topographic Variation of Retinal Vascular Density in Normal Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Journal Article Transl Vis Sci Technol · October 4, 2021 PURPOSE: To establish a continuous topography of retinal vessel density in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed, and 8-mm × 8-mm OCTA images from 22 normal eyes were analyzed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Local Progression Kinetics of Geographic Atrophy Depends Upon the Border Location.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · October 4, 2021 PURPOSE: To assess the influence of lesion morphology and location on geographic atrophy (GA) growth rate. METHODS: We manually delineated GA on color fundus photographs of 237 eyes in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. We calculated local border expansion ... Full text Link to item Cite

Geographic atrophy severity and mortality in age-related macular degeneration.

Journal Article Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol · September 2021 PURPOSE: To examine the association between geographic atrophy (GA) disease characteristics and mortality risk. METHODS: We manually delineated color fundus photographs of 209 Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) participants with GA secondary to age-rela ... Full text Link to item Cite

Geographic Atrophy Growth Is Strongly Related to Lesion Perimeter: Unifying Effects of Lesion Area, Number, and Circularity on Growth.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · September 2021 PURPOSE: To investigate the underlying reason for the previously observed impact of baseline lesion size, number, and circularity on geographic atrophy (GA) growth rate. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled tr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of Topographic Distribution of Geographic Atrophy to Visual Acuity in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · August 2021 PURPOSE: To investigate the topographic distribution of geographic atrophy (GA) and to identify an anatomic endpoint that correlates with visual acuity (VA) in eyes with GA. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlle ... Full text Link to item Cite

Systemic Factors Associated with a Thinner Choroid in Preterm Infants.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Sci · June 2021 PURPOSE: To identify systemic health factors associated with a thinner choroid, which has been hypothesized as a cause of poor visual outcomes in low-birth weight infants. DESIGN: The prospective, observational Study of Eye Imaging in Preterm Infants (Baby ... Full text Link to item Cite

Birth Weight Is a Significant Predictor of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness at 36 Weeks Postmenstrual Age in Preterm Infants.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · February 2021 PURPOSE: To assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in preterm infants. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: We imaged 83 awake infants (159 eyes) at 36 ± 1 weeks postmenstrual age (defined as the time elapsed between the first day o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term natural history of visual acuity in eyes with choroideremia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 1004 individual eyes.

Journal Article Br J Ophthalmol · February 2021 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is the most common primary endpoint in treatment trials for choroideremia (CHM) but the long-term natural history of BCVA is unclear. METHODS: We searched in seven databases to identify studies that repo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Central geographic atrophy vs. neovascular age-related macular degeneration: differences in longitudinal vision-related quality of life.

Journal Article Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol · February 2021 OBJECTIVE: Prior studies of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) have examined advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as a single group or focused on neovascular AMD (nAMD), even though advanced AMD can refer to either central geographic atrophy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Progression of Unifocal versus Multifocal Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · September 2020 TOPIC: Determining the natural history of unifocal versus multifocal geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The association between GA focality (i.e., unifocal vs. multifocal lesions) and enl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term Natural History of Atrophy in Eyes with Choroideremia-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual-Level Data.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · August 2020 PURPOSE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the natural history of atrophy secondary to choroideremia (CHM). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A sensitive and reliable anatomic measure to monitor disease progression is needed in treatment trials for CHM ... Full text Link to item Cite

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Journal Article Ophthalmology · May 2020 Full text Link to item Cite

Topographic Variation of the Growth Rate of Geographic Atrophy in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · January 23, 2020 PURPOSE: To determine the impact of topographic locations on the progression rate of geographic atrophy (GA). METHODS: We searched in five literature databases up to May 3, 2019, for studies that evaluated the growth rates of GA lesions at different retina ... Full text Link to item Cite

RECLASSIFICATION OF FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE PATTERNS SURROUNDING GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY BASED ON PROGRESSION RATE: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal Article Retina · October 2019 PURPOSE: To reclassify fundus autofluorescence (FAF) patterns around geographic atrophy (GA) based on GA progression rates. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, and PubMed were searched for studies reporting GA progression rates ... Full text Link to item Cite

Natural History of Autosomal Recessive Stargardt Disease in Untreated Eyes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Study- and Individual-Level Data.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · September 2019 TOPIC: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the natural history of autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Controversy exists regarding the progression pattern of atrophic lesions secondary to STGD1, and the reported growth rat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fellow Eye Status Is a Biomarker for the Progression Rate of Geographic Atrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · April 2019 TOPIC: Systematic review and meta-analysis of how fellow eye status predicts the progression rate of geographic atrophy (GA). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The status of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the fellow eye has been used as an indicator of the GA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Natural History of Geographic Atrophy in Untreated Eyes with Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · September 2018 TOPIC: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the natural history of geographic atrophy (GA). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Several different models have been used to describe the natural history of GA in untreated eyes, and the reported progression rates vary widel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Real-Time Volumetric Imaging of Vitreoretinal Surgery with a Prototype Microscope-Integrated Swept-Source OCT Device.

Journal Article Ophthalmol Retina · May 2018 PURPOSE: To evaluate the images produced in an initial surgical series of intraoperative near-real-time volumetric swept-source (SS) OCT imaging. DESIGN: Prospective translational study. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-one consecutive adult patients undergoing vitreor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraoperative 4-Dimensional Microscope-Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided 27-Gauge Transvitreal Choroidal Biopsy for Choroidal Melanoma.

Journal Article Retina · April 2017 PURPOSE: We describe two cases of intraoperative 4D microscope–integrated swept source optical coherence tomography (4D MIOCT) guided 27-gauge transvitreal retinochoroidal biopsy for choroidal melanoma. METHODS: Two 68-year-old females with choroidal melan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraocular Pressure and Big Bubble Diameter in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty: An Ex-Vivo Microscope-Integrated OCT With Heads-Up Display Study.

Journal Article Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) · 2017 PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and big bubble (BB) formation in a model of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). DESIGN: Ex-vivo. METHODS: Corneoscleral buttons from human donors were loaded onto an artifi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Live volumetric (4D) visualization and guidance of in vivo human ophthalmic surgery with intraoperative optical coherence tomography.

Journal Article Sci Rep · August 19, 2016 Minimally-invasive microsurgery has resulted in improved outcomes for patients. However, operating through a microscope limits depth perception and fixes the visual perspective, which result in a steep learning curve to achieve microsurgical proficiency. W ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Optical Coherence Tomography for Retinal Surgery: Perioperative Analysis to Real-Time Four-Dimensional Image-Guided Surgery.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · July 1, 2016 Magnification of the surgical field using the operating microscope facilitated profound innovations in retinal surgery in the 1970s, such as pars plana vitrectomy. Although surgical instrumentation and illumination techniques are continually developing, th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel microscope-integrated stereoscopic heads-up display for intrasurgical optical coherence tomography.

Journal Article Biomed Opt Express · May 1, 2016 Intra-operative optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires a display technology which allows surgeons to visualize OCT data without disrupting surgery. Previous research and commercial intrasurgical OCT systems have integrated heads-up display (HUD) syste ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enhanced volumetric visualization for real time 4D intraoperative ophthalmic swept-source OCT.

Journal Article Biomed Opt Express · May 1, 2016 Current-generation software for rendering volumetric OCT data sets based on ray casting results in volume visualizations with indistinct tissue features and sub-optimal depth perception. Recent developments in hand-held and microscope-integrated intrasurgi ... Full text Link to item Cite

4D microscope-integrated OCT improves accuracy of ophthalmic surgical maneuvers

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2016 Ophthalmic surgeons manipulate micron-scale tissues using stereopsis through an operating microscope and instrument shadowing for depth perception. While ophthalmic microsurgery has benefitted from rapid advances in instrumentation and techniques, the basi ... Full text Cite

Novel sulfonated Nafion®-based composite membranes with pillararene as selective artificial proton channels for application in direct methanol fuel cells

Journal Article International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · October 15, 2015 Proton exchange membranes (PEM) are critical components of low temperature fuel cells. Most PEMs are made of perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymers such as Nafion®. However, Nafion has a high methanol permeability which is limiting its applicability in dire ... Full text Cite

A novel membrane for DMFC - Na 2Ti 3O 7 Nanotubes/Nafion ® composite membrane: Performances studies

Journal Article International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · January 1, 2012 Systematic experiments have been carried out to study the performance of the novel sodium titanate (Na 2Ti 3O 7) nanotube/Nafion ® composite membrane (5 wt% Na 2Ti 3O 7) in a sing ... Full text Cite

The preparation of a polyether demulsifier modified by nano-SiO 2 and the effect on asphaltenes and resins

Journal Article Petroleum Science and Technology · October 24, 2011 In order to enlarge the range of applications of nanomaterials and improve the performance of macromolecular polymer demulsifier, nano-SiO 2 was integrated with polyether demulsifier TA1031 to form nanomodified demulsifier using an in situ synth ... Full text Cite

Synthesis and characterization of novel nanocomposite membrane of sodium titanate/Nafion®

Journal Article Materials Letters · June 15, 2011 Novel nanocomposite membrane of sodium titanate/Nafion based on sodium titanate nanotubes with Nafion® were prepared by solvent casting techniques. Nanotubes of sodium titanate were synthesized by hydrothermal method. TEM, XRD, and FTIR were emp ... Full text Cite

A novel membrane for DMFC - Na2Ti3O7 nanotubes/Nafion® composite membrane

Journal Article International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · April 1, 2011 In this study, novel sodium titanate (Na2Ti3O 7) nanotube/Nafion® composite membranes were prepared by a solution casting method. The properties of these composite membranes were studied using Fourier transform i ... Full text Cite

Microwave heated polyol synthesis of carbon supported PtAuSn/C nanoparticles for ethanol electrooxidation

Journal Article International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · April 1, 2010 Carbon-supported PtAuSn/C nanoparticle catalyst was synthesized by a microwave-assisted polyol process. The process is a quick process that only requires a few minutes to complete. The catalyst thus obtained was characterized by transmission electron micro ... Full text Cite