Louis Edwin DeFrate
Frank H. Bassett III, M. D. Associate Professor
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Frank H. Bassett III, M. D. Associate Professor, Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics 2016
- Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics 2019
- Associate Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2016
- Affiliate of the Regeneration Next Initiative, Regeneration Next Initiative, Institutes and Centers 2016
Contact Information
- MSRB Room 379, Box 3093 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710
- Room 379, Medical Sciences Research Building, Box 3093 Med. Ctr., Durham, NC 27710
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lou.defrate@duke.edu
(919) 681-9959
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Google Scholar
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Musculoskeletal Bioengineering Laboratory
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Sc.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2005
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Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics 2016 - 2019
- Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering 2015 - 2018
- Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2010 - 2016
- Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics 2014 - 2015
- Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics 2009 - 2014
- Medical Instructor in the Department of Surgery, Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics 2006 - 2009
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Academic Positions Outside Duke
- Editorial Board, Journal of Biomechanics. 2016 - 2018
- Editorial Board, American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015 - 2018
- Editorial Board, Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2014 - 2018
- Recognition
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In the News
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APR 18, 2018 US News and World Report -
APR 18, 2018 Duke Health News -
DEC 1, 2017 KSAT News -
AUG 17, 2017 Science Magazine -
AUG 10, 2017 WRAL News -
OCT 22, 2013 Duke Research Blog
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Awards & Honors
- Research
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Selected Grants
- Mechanical Biomarkers of Chronic Low Back Pain awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2024
- Weight loss, in vivo cartilage mechanics, and joint health awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2023
- Duke CTSA (TL1) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- Metabolomic & Radiographic Markers of Fracture Risk Among Older Adults with Diabetes awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- Biomarkers to Advance Clinical Phenotypes of Low Back Pain (BACk) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2021
- In Vivo Knee Motion and ACL Biomechanics During Dynamic Activities awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2021
- Age-related alterations in the in vivo mechanical function of the spine awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2020
- Comparison of In-Vivo Knee cartilage vs. augmented anterolateral ligament reconstruction 2019 - 2020
- Training in Medical Imaging awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2020
- In Vivo Knee Motion and ACL Biomechanics During Dynamic Activities awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2019
- Biomechanical Markers of Knee Osteoarthritis and In Vivo Cartilage Loading awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2018
- In Vivo Cartilage Mechanics and Degeneration After ACL Deficiency awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2017
- The In Vivo Biomechanics of Lateral Ankle Ligament Injury and Reconstruction awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2012
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Industry Relationships
- Elsevier
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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Englander, Z. A., Garrett, W. E., Spritzer, C. E., & DeFrate, L. E. (2020). In vivo attachment site to attachment site length and strain of the ACL and its bundles during the full gait cycle measured by MRI and high-speed biplanar radiography.. J Biomech, 98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109443Full Text Link to Item
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Goode, A. P., Schwartz, T. A., Kraus, V. B., Huebner, J. L., George, S. Z., Cleveland, R. J., … Jordan, J. M. (2019). Inflammatory, Structural, and Pain Biochemical Biomarkers May Reflect Radiographic Disc Space Narrowing: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project.. J Orthop Res. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24534Full Text Link to Item
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Englander, Z. A., Baldwin, E. L., Smith, W. A. R., Garrett, W. E., Spritzer, C. E., & DeFrate, L. E. (2019). In Vivo Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deformation During a Single-Legged Jump Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and High-Speed Biplanar Radiography.. Am J Sports Med, 47(13), 3166–3172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546519876074Full Text Link to Item
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Ruprecht, J. C., Waanders, T. D., Rowland, C. R., Nishimuta, J. F., Glass, K. A., Stencel, J., … McNulty, A. L. (2019). Meniscus-Derived Matrix Scaffolds Promote the Integrative Repair of Meniscal Defects.. Sci Rep, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44855-3Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Englander, Z. A., Cutcliffe, H. C., Utturkar, G. M., Taylor, K. A., Spritzer, C. E., Garrett, W. E., & DeFrate, L. E. (2019). In vivo assessment of the interaction of patellar tendon tibial shaft angle and anterior cruciate ligament elongation during flexion.. J Biomech, 90, 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.04.034Full Text Link to Item
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DeFrate, L. E., Kim-Wang, S. Y., Englander, Z. A., & McNulty, A. L. (2019). Osteoarthritis year in review 2018: mechanics.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 27(3), 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.12.011Full Text Link to Item
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Paranjape, C. S., Cutcliffe, H. C., Grambow, S. C., Utturkar, G. M., Collins, A. T., Garrett, W. E., … DeFrate, L. E. (2019). A New Stress Test for Knee Joint Cartilage.. Sci Rep, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38104-2Full Text Link to Item
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Taylor, K. A., Collins, A. T., Heckelman, L. N., Kim, S. Y., Utturkar, G. M., Spritzer, C. E., … DeFrate, L. E. (2019). Activities of daily living influence tibial cartilage T1rho relaxation times.. J Biomech, 82, 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.10.029Full Text Link to Item
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Collins, A. T., Hatcher, C. C., Kim, S. Y., Ziemian, S. N., Spritzer, C. E., Guilak, F., … McNulty, A. L. (2019). Selective Enzymatic Digestion of Proteoglycans and Collagens Alters Cartilage T1rho and T2 Relaxation Times.. Ann Biomed Eng, 47(1), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-018-02143-7Full Text Link to Item
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Englander, Z. A., Cutcliffe, H. C., Utturkar, G. M., Garrett, W. E., Spritzer, C. E., & DeFrate, L. E. (2019). A Comparison of Knee Abduction Angles Measured by a 3D Anatomic Coordinate System Versus Videographic Analysis: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.. Orthop J Sports Med, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967118819831Full Text Link to Item
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Sutter, E. G., Liu, B., Utturkar, G. M., Widmyer, M. R., Spritzer, C. E., Cutcliffe, H. C., … DeFrate, L. E. (2019). Effects of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency on Tibiofemoral Cartilage Thickness and Strains in Response to Hopping.. Am J Sports Med, 47(1), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546518802225Full Text Link to Item
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Englander, Z. A., Martin, J. T., Ganapathy, P. K., Garrett, W. E., & DeFrate, L. E. (2018). Automatic registration of MRI-based joint models to high-speed biplanar radiographs for precise quantification of in vivo anterior cruciate ligament deformation during gait.. J Biomech, 81, 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.09.010Full Text Link to Item
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Collins, A. T., Kulvaranon, M. L., Cutcliffe, H. C., Utturkar, G. M., Smith, W. A. R., Spritzer, C. E., … DeFrate, L. E. (2018). Obesity alters the in vivo mechanical response and biochemical properties of cartilage as measured by MRI.. Arthritis Res Ther, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1727-4Full Text Link to Item
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Owusu-Akyaw, K. A., Kim, S. Y., Spritzer, C. E., Collins, A. T., Englander, Z. A., Utturkar, G. M., … DeFrate, L. E. (2018). Determination of the Position of the Knee at the Time of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture for Male Versus Female Patients by an Analysis of Bone Bruises: Response.. Am J Sports Med, 46(11), NP48–NP51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546518788316Full Text Link to Item
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Zhang, H., Heckelman, L. N., Spritzer, C. E., Owusu-Akyaw, K. A., Martin, J. T., Taylor, D. C., … DeFrate, L. E. (2018). In Vivo Assessment of Exercise-Induced Glenohumeral Cartilage Strain.. Orthop J Sports Med, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967118784518Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Owusu-Akyaw, K. A., Kim, S. Y., Spritzer, C. E., Collins, A. T., Englander, Z. A., Utturkar, G. M., … DeFrate, L. E. (2018). Determination of the Position of the Knee at the Time of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture for Male Versus Female Patients by an Analysis of Bone Bruises.. Am J Sports Med, 46(7), 1559–1565. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546518764681Full Text Link to Item
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Martin, J. T., Oldweiler, A. B., Spritzer, C. E., Soher, B. J., Erickson, M. M., Goode, A. P., & DeFrate, L. E. (2018). A magnetic resonance imaging framework for quantifying intervertebral disc deformation in vivo: Reliability and application to diurnal variations in lumbar disc shape.. J Biomech, 71, 291–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.045Full Text Link to Item
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DeFrate, L. (2018). YEAR IN REVIEW: MECHANICS. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26, S9–S9.Link to Item
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Goode, A., Kraus, V. B., Golightly, Y., Huebner, J., George, S., Martin, J., … Jordan, J. M. (2018). ASSOCIATION BETWEEN N-CADHERIN, KERATIN-19 AND LUMICAN WITH DISC SPACE NARROWING: THE JOHNSTON COUNTY OSTEOARTHRITIS PROJECT. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26, S421–S421.Link to Item
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Owusu-Akyaw, K. A., Heckelman, L. N., Cutcliffe, H. C., Sutter, E. G., Englander, Z. A., Spritzer, C. E., … DeFrate, L. E. (2018). A comparison of patellofemoral cartilage morphology and deformation in anterior cruciate ligament deficient versus uninjured knees.. J Biomech, 67, 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.11.019Full Text Link to Item
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Liu, B., Lad, N. K., Collins, A. T., Ganapathy, P. K., Utturkar, G. M., McNulty, A. L., … DeFrate, L. E. (2017). In Vivo Tibial Cartilage Strains in Regions of Cartilage-to-Cartilage Contact and Cartilage-to-Meniscus Contact in Response to Walking.. Am J Sports Med, 45(12), 2817–2823. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517712506Full Text Link to Item
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DeFrate, L. E. (2017). Effects of ACL graft placement on in vivo knee function and cartilage thickness distributions.. J Orthop Res, 35(6), 1160–1170. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.23541Full Text Link to Item
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Liu, B., Goode, A. P., Carter, T. E., Utturkar, G. M., Huebner, J. L., Taylor, D. C., … McNulty, A. L. (2017). Matrix metalloproteinase activity and prostaglandin E2 are elevated in the synovial fluid of meniscus tear patients.. Connect Tissue Res, 58(3–4), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2016.1256391Full Text Link to Item
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Hatcher, C. C., Collins, A. T., Kim, S. Y., Michel, L. C., Mostertz, W. C., Ziemian, S. N., … McNulty, A. L. (2017). Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage.. J Biomech, 55, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.02.001Full Text Link to Item
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Collins, A. T., Kulvaranon, M. L., Utturkar, G. M., Spritzer, C. E., Guilak, F., & Defrate, L. E. (2017). In vivo biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage are affected by obesity.. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 25, S112–S113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.181Full Text
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Cher, W. L., Utturkar, G. M., Spritzer, C. E., Nunley, J. A., DeFrate, L. E., & Collins, A. T. (2016). An analysis of changes in in vivo cartilage thickness of the healthy ankle following dynamic activity.. J Biomech, 49(13), 3026–3030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.05.030Full Text Link to Item
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Lad, N. K., Liu, B., Ganapathy, P. K., Utturkar, G. M., Sutter, E. G., Moorman, C. T., … DeFrate, L. E. (2016). Effect of normal gait on in vivo tibiofemoral cartilage strains.. J Biomech, 49(13), 2870–2876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.06.025Full Text Link to Item
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DeFrate, L. E. (2016). Dynamic joint imaging in human OA: altered in vivo cartilage function and early onset OA. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 24, S4–S4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.027Full Text
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Huebner, J. L., Furman, B. D., Manson, M. J., Kimmerling, K. A., Olson, S. A., Guilak, F., … Kraus, V. B. (2016). Acute inflammatory response after severe joint injury potentially involved in the development of post-traumatic arthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 24, S79–S80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.169Full Text
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Kim, S. Y., Spritzer, C. E., Utturkar, G. M., Toth, A. P., Garrett, W. E., & DeFrate, L. E. (2015). Knee Kinematics During Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury as Determined From Bone Bruise Location.. Am J Sports Med, 43(10), 2515–2521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515594446Full Text Link to Item
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Carter, T. E., Taylor, K. A., Spritzer, C. E., Utturkar, G. M., Taylor, D. C., Moorman, C. T., … DeFrate, L. E. (2015). In vivo cartilage strain increases following medial meniscal tear and correlates with synovial fluid matrix metalloproteinase activity.. J Biomech, 48(8), 1461–1468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.030Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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McNulty, A. L., Carter, T. E., Taylor, K. A., Spritzer, C. E., Utturkar, G. M., Taylor, D. C., … DeFrate, L. E. (2015). In vivo strain increases following medial meniscal tear and correlates with synovial fluid matrix metalloproteinase activity. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 23, A95–A95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.804Full Text
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Vovos, T. J., Furman, B. D., Huebner, J. L., Kimmerling, K. A., Utturkar, G. M., DeFrate, L. E., … Olson, S. A. (2015). Joint incongruity and biomarkers of bone metabolism as predictors of post-traumatic arthritis in mice. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 23, A242–A243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.449Full Text
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Sutter, E. G., Widmyer, M. R., Utturkar, G. M., Spritzer, C. E., Garrett, W. E., & DeFrate, L. E. (2015). In vivo measurement of localized tibiofemoral cartilage strains in response to dynamic activity.. Am J Sports Med, 43(2), 370–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514559821Full Text Link to Item
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Okafor, E. C., Utturkar, G. M., Widmyer, M. R., Abebe, E. S., Collins, A. T., Taylor, D. C., … DeFrate, L. E. (2014). The effects of femoral graft placement on cartilage thickness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.. J Biomech, 47(1), 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.003Full Text Link to Item
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Widmyer, M. R., Utturkar, G. M., Leddy, H. A., Coleman, J. L., Spritzer, C. E., Moorman, C. T., … Guilak, F. (2013). High body mass index is associated with increased diurnal strains in the articular cartilage of the knee.. Arthritis Rheum, 65(10), 2615–2622. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.38062Full Text Link to Item
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Stolberg-Stolberg, J. A., Furman, B. D., Garrigues, N. W., Lee, J., Pisetsky, D. S., Stearns, N. A., … Olson, S. A. (2013). Effects of cartilage impact with and without fracture on chondrocyte viability and the release of inflammatory markers.. J Orthop Res, 31(8), 1283–1292. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.22348Full Text Link to Item
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Coleman, J. L., Widmyer, M. R., Leddy, H. A., Utturkar, G. M., Spritzer, C. E., Moorman, C. T., … DeFrate, L. E. (2013). Diurnal variations in articular cartilage thickness and strain in the human knee.. J Biomech, 46(3), 541–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.09.013Full Text Link to Item
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Taylor, K. A., Cutcliffe, H. C., Queen, R. M., Utturkar, G. M., Spritzer, C. E., Garrett, W. E., & DeFrate, L. E. (2013). In vivo measurement of ACL length and relative strain during walking.. J Biomech, 46(3), 478–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.10.031Full Text Link to Item
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Utturkar, G. M., Irribarra, L. A., Taylor, K. A., Spritzer, C. E., Taylor, D. C., Garrett, W. E., & Defrate, L. E. (2013). The effects of a valgus collapse knee position on in vivo ACL elongation.. Ann Biomed Eng, 41(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-012-0629-xFull Text Link to Item
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Wilusz, R. E., DeFrate, L. E., & Guilak, F. (2012). Immunofluorescence-guided atomic force microscopy to measure the micromechanical properties of the pericellular matrix of porcine articular cartilage.. J R Soc Interface, 9(76), 2997–3007. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0314Full Text Link to Item
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Wainright, W. B., Spritzer, C. E., Lee, J. Y., Easley, M. E., DeOrio, J. K., Nunley, J. A., & DeFrate, L. E. (2012). The effect of modified Broström-Gould repair for lateral ankle instability on in vivo tibiotalar kinematics.. Am J Sports Med, 40(9), 2099–2104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512454840Full Text Link to Item
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Wilusz, R. E., Defrate, L. E., & Guilak, F. (2012). A biomechanical role for perlecan in the pericellular matrix of articular cartilage.. Matrix Biol, 31(6), 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2012.05.002Full Text Link to Item
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Abebe, E. S., Kim, J.-P., Utturkar, G. M., Taylor, D. C., Spritzer, C. E., Moorman, C. T., … DeFrate, L. E. (2011). The effect of femoral tunnel placement on ACL graft orientation and length during in vivo knee flexion.. J Biomech, 44(10), 1914–1920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.04.030Full Text Link to Item
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Lewis, J. S., Hembree, W. C., Furman, B. D., Tippets, L., Cattel, D., Huebner, J. L., … Olson, S. A. (2011). Acute joint pathology and synovial inflammation is associated with increased intra-articular fracture severity in the mouse knee.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 19(7), 864–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2011.04.011Full Text Link to Item
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Backus, J. D., Furman, B. D., Swimmer, T., Kent, C. L., McNulty, A. L., Defrate, L. E., … Olson, S. A. (2011). Cartilage viability and catabolism in the intact porcine knee following transarticular impact loading with and without articular fracture.. J Orthop Res, 29(4), 501–510. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.21270Full Text Link to Item
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Abebe, E. S., Utturkar, G. M., Taylor, D. C., Spritzer, C. E., Kim, J. P., Moorman, C. T., … DeFrate, L. E. (2011). The effects of femoral graft placement on in vivo knee kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.. J Biomech, 44(5), 924–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.11.028Full Text Link to Item
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Taylor, K. A., Terry, M. E., Utturkar, G. M., Spritzer, C. E., Queen, R. M., Irribarra, L. A., … DeFrate, L. E. (2011). Measurement of in vivo anterior cruciate ligament strain during dynamic jump landing.. J Biomech, 44(3), 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.028Full Text Link to Item
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Bischof, J. E., Spritzer, C. E., Caputo, A. M., Easley, M. E., DeOrio, J. K., Nunley, J. A., & DeFrate, L. E. (2010). In vivo cartilage contact strains in patients with lateral ankle instability.. Journal of Biomechanics, 43(13), 2561–2566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.05.013Full Text
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Bischof, J. E., Defrate, L. E., Queen, R. M., & Nunley, J. A. (2010). Bilateral jones fractures in two elite soccer players.. Foot Ankle Int, 31(5), 441–447. https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2010.0441Full Text Link to Item
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Van de Velde, S. K., Bingham, J. T., Hosseini, A., Kozanek, M., DeFrate, L. E., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2009). Increased tibiofemoral cartilage contact deformation in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.. Arthritis Rheum, 60(12), 3693–3702. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24965Full Text Link to Item
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Caputo, A. M., Lee, J. Y., Spritzer, C. E., Easley, M. E., DeOrio, J. K., Nunley, J. A., & DeFrate, L. E. (2009). In vivo kinematics of the tibiotalar joint after lateral ankle instability.. Am J Sports Med, 37(11), 2241–2248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546509337578Full Text Link to Item
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Abebe, E. S., Moorman, C. T., Dziedzic, T. S., Spritzer, C. E., Cothran, R. L., Taylor, D. C., … DeFrate, L. E. (2009). Femoral tunnel placement during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an in vivo imaging analysis comparing transtibial and 2-incision tibial tunnel-independent techniques.. Am J Sports Med, 37(10), 1904–1911. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546509340768Full Text Link to Item
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Caputo, A. M., Lee, J. Y., Spritzer, C. E., Easley, M. E., DeOrio, J. K., Nunley, J. A., & DeFrate, L. E. (2009). Lateral ankle instability increases anterior translation and internal rotation of the talus during in vivo loading. Foot and Ankle International, 30(8).
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Gelalis, I. D., DeFrate, L. E., Stafilas, K. S., Pakos, E. E., Kang, J. D., & Gilbertson, L. G. (2009). Three-dimensional analysis of cervical spine motion: reliability of a computer assisted magnetic tracking device compared to inclinometer.. Eur Spine J, 18(2), 276–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-008-0853-0Full Text Link to Item
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Kaseta, M. K., DeFrate, L. E., Charnock, B. L., Sullivan, R. T., & Garrett, W. E. (2008). Reconstruction technique affects femoral tunnel placement in ACL reconstruction.. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 466(6), 1467–1474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0238-zFull Text Link to Item
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Van de Velde, S. K., Gill, T. J., DeFrate, L. E., Papannagari, R., & Li, G. (2008). The effect of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and reconstruction on the patellofemoral joint.. Am J Sports Med, 36(6), 1150–1159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508314404Full Text Link to Item
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Schwarzkopf, R., DeFrate, L. E., Li, G., & Herndon, J. H. (2008). The quantification of the origin area of the deep forearm musculature on the interosseous ligament.. Bull Nyu Hosp Jt Dis, 66(1), 9–13.Link to Item
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Li, G., Papannagari, R., Nha, K. W., Defrate, L. E., Gill, T. J., & Rubash, H. E. (2007). The coupled motion of the femur and patella during in vivo weightbearing knee flexion.. J Biomech Eng, 129(6), 937–943. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2803267Full Text Link to Item
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Papannagari, R., DeFrate, L. E., Nha, K. W., Moses, J. M., Moussa, M., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2007). Function of posterior cruciate ligament bundles during in vivo knee flexion.. Am J Sports Med, 35(9), 1507–1512. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507300061Full Text Link to Item
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Defrate, L. E., & Li, G. (2007). The prediction of stress-relaxation of ligaments and tendons using the quasi-linear viscoelastic model.. Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 6(4), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-006-0056-8Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., Papannagari, R., DeFrate, L. E., Yoo, J. D., Park, S. E., & Gill, T. J. (2007). The effects of ACL deficiency on mediolateral translation and varus-valgus rotation.. Acta Orthop, 78(3), 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453670710013924Full Text Link to Item
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Jordan, S. S., DeFrate, L. E., Nha, K. W., Papannagari, R., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2007). The in vivo kinematics of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament during weightbearing knee flexion.. Am J Sports Med, 35(4), 547–554. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506295941Full Text Link to Item
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Van de Velde, S. K., DeFrate, L. E., Gill, T. J., Moses, J. M., Papannagari, R., & Li, G. (2007). The effect of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency on the in vivo elongation of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments.. Am J Sports Med, 35(2), 294–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506294079Full Text Link to Item
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Defrate, L. E., Nha, K. W., Papannagari, R., Moses, J. M., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2007). The biomechanical function of the patellar tendon during in-vivo weight-bearing flexion.. J Biomech, 40(8), 1716–1722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.08.009Full Text Link to Item
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Papannagari, R., Gill, T. J., Defrate, L. E., Moses, J. M., Petruska, A. J., & Li, G. (2006). In vivo kinematics of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a clinical and functional evaluation.. Am J Sports Med, 34(12), 2006–2012. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506290403Full Text Link to Item
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Defrate, L. E., Papannagari, R., Gill, T. J., Moses, J. M., Pathare, N. P., & Li, G. (2006). The 6 degrees of freedom kinematics of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: an in vivo imaging analysis.. Am J Sports Med, 34(8), 1240–1246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506287299Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., Moses, J. M., Papannagari, R., Pathare, N. P., DeFrate, L. E., & Gill, T. J. (2006). Anterior cruciate ligament deficiency alters the in vivo motion of the tibiofemoral cartilage contact points in both the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions.. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 88(8), 1826–1834. https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.e.00539Full Text
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Li, G., Papannagari, R., DeFrate, L. E., Yoo, J. D., Park, S. E., & Gill, T. J. (2006). Comparison of the ACL and ACL graft forces before and after ACL reconstruction: an in-vitro robotic investigation.. Acta Orthop, 77(2), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453670610046019Full Text Link to Item
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Defrate, L. E., van der Ven, A., Boyer, P. J., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2006). The measurement of the variation in the surface strains of Achilles tendon grafts using imaging techniques.. J Biomech, 39(3), 399–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.12.021Full Text Link to Item
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Park, S. E., DeFrate, L. E., Suggs, J. F., Gill, T. J., Rubash, H. E., & Li, G. (2006). Erratum to "The change in length of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments during in vivo knee flexion".. Knee, 13(1), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2004.12.012Full Text Link to Item
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Park, S. E., DeFrate, L. E., Suggs, J. F., Gill, T. J., Rubash, H. E., & Li, G. (2006). Erratum: The change in length of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments during in vivo knee flexion (The Knee (2005) 12 (377-382) DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2004.12.011). Knee, 13(1), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2005.09.005Full Text
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DeFrate, L. E., & Li, G. (2005). The prediction of the stress-strain behavior of ligaments and tendons. Proceedings of the 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2005, 874–875.
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DeFrate, L. E., Van Der Ven, A., Boyer, P. J., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2005). The measurement of the variation in the surface strains of achilles tendon grafts using imaging techniques. Proceedings of the 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2005, 695–696.
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Li, G., DeFrate, L. E., Suggs, J. F., Hanson, G. R., Papannagari, R., & Rubash, H. E. (2005). The development of an orthogonal fluoroscopic and MR imaging technique for accurately measuring in vivo knee joint kinematics. Proceedings of the 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2005, 972–973.
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Park, S. E., DeFrate, L. E., Suggs, J. F., Gill, T. J., Rubash, H. E., & Li, G. (2005). The change in length of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments during in vivo knee flexion.. Knee, 12(5), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2004.12.011Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., Park, S. E., DeFrate, L. E., Schutzer, M. E., Ji, L., Gill, T. J., & Rubash, H. E. (2005). The cartilage thickness distribution in the tibiofemoral joint and its correlation with cartilage-to-cartilage contact.. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 20(7), 736–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.04.001Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., DeFrate, L. E., Rubash, H. E., & Gill, T. J. (2005). Erratum: "In vivo kinematics of the ACL during weight-bearing knee flexion" (Journal of Orthopaedic Research (2005) vol. 23 (340-344) 10.1016/j.orthres.2004.08.006). Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orthres.2005.03.001Full Text
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Li, G., Defrate, L. E., Rubash, H. E., & Gill, T. J. (2005). In vivo kinematics of the ACL during weight-bearing knee flexion.. J Orthop Res, 23(2), 340–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orthres.2004.08.006Full Text Link to Item
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Yoo, J. D., Papannagari, R., Park, S. E., DeFrate, L. E., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2005). The effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on knee joint kinematics under simulated muscle loads.. Am J Sports Med, 33(2), 240–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504267806Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., DeFrate, L. E., Park, S. E., Gill, T. J., & Rubash, H. E. (2005). In vivo articular cartilage contact kinematics of the knee: an investigation using dual-orthogonal fluoroscopy and magnetic resonance image-based computer models.. Am J Sports Med, 33(1), 102–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504265577Full Text Link to Item
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DeFrate, L. E., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2004). In vivo function of the posterior cruciate ligament during weightbearing knee flexion.. Am J Sports Med, 32(8), 1923–1928. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504264896Full Text Link to Item
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DeFrate, L. E., Sun, H., Gill, T. J., Rubash, H. E., & Li, G. (2004). In vivo tibiofemoral contact analysis using 3D MRI-based knee models.. J Biomech, 37(10), 1499–1504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.01.012Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., DeFrate, L. E., Sun, H., & Gill, T. J. (2004). In vivo elongation of the anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament during knee flexion.. Am J Sports Med, 32(6), 1415–1420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503262175Full Text Link to Item
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Park, S. E., Stamos, B. D., DeFrate, L. E., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2004). The effect of posterior knee capsulotomy on posterior tibial translation during posterior cruciate ligament tibial inlay reconstruction.. Am J Sports Med, 32(6), 1514–1519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504265594Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., DeFrate, L. E., Zayontz, S., Park, S. E., & Gill, T. J. (2004). The effect of tibiofemoral joint kinematics on patellofemoral contact pressures under simulated muscle loads.. J Orthop Res, 22(4), 801–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orthres.2003.11.011Full Text Link to Item
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DeFrate, L. E., van der Ven, A., Gill, T. J., & Li, G. (2004). The effect of length on the structural properties of an Achilles tendon graft as used in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.. Am J Sports Med, 32(4), 993–997. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503261739Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., Most, E., DeFrate, L. E., Suggs, J. F., Gill, T. J., & Rubash, H. E. (2004). Effect of the posterior cruciate ligament on posterior stability of the knee in high flexion.. J Biomech, 37(5), 779–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.09.031Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., Wuerz, T. H., & DeFrate, L. E. (2004). Feasibility of using orthogonal fluoroscopic images to measure in vivo joint kinematics.. J Biomech Eng, 126(2), 314–318. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1691448Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., Zayontz, S., Most, E., DeFrate, L. E., Suggs, J. F., & Rubash, H. E. (2004). In situ forces of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in high knee flexion: an in vitro investigation.. J Orthop Res, 22(2), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00179-7Full Text Link to Item
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DEFRATE, L. (2004). In vivo tibiofemoral contact analysis using 3D MRI-based Knee model. Journal of Biomechanics, 37(10), 1499–1504.
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Gill, T. J., DeFrate, L. E., Wang, C., Carey, C. T., Zayontz, S., Zarins, B., & Li, G. (2004). The effect of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on patellofemoral contact pressures in the knee joint under simulated muscle loads.. Am J Sports Med, 32(1), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399703258794Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., Zayontz, S., DeFrate, L. E., Most, E., Suggs, J. F., & Rubash, H. E. (2004). Kinematics of the knee at high flexion angles: an in vitro investigation.. J Orthop Res, 22(1), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00118-9Full Text Link to Item
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Gill, T. J., DeFrate, L. E., Wang, C., Carey, C. T., Zayontz, S., Zarins, B., & Li, G. (2003). The biomechanical effect of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on knee joint function. Kinematic response to simulated muscle loads.. Am J Sports Med, 31(4), 530–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310040901Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., DeFrate, L., Suggs, J., & Gill, T. (2003). Determination of optimal graft lengths for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction--a theoretical analysis.. J Biomech Eng, 125(2), 295–299. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1554409Full Text Link to Item
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Li, G., Gill, T. J., DeFrate, L. E., Zayontz, S., Glatt, V., & Zarins, B. (2002). Biomechanical consequences of PCL deficiency in the knee under simulated muscle loads--an in vitro experimental study.. J Orthop Res, 20(4), 887–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00184-XFull Text Link to Item
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DeFrate, L. E., Li, G., Zayontz, S. J., & Herndon, J. H. (2001). A minimally invasive method for the determination of force in the interosseous ligament.. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 16(10), 895–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0268-0033(01)00092-4Full Text Link to Item
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DeFrate, L. E., Sakai, J. L., Gilbertson, L. G., Moon, S. H., Nishida, K., Donaldson, W. F., … Woo, S. L. Y. (1999). Magnetic tracking/virtual reality based system for comprehensive kinematic assessment of the cervical spine. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Bioengineering Division (Publication) Bed, 42, 63–64.
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Sakai, J. L., Gilbertson, L. G., DeFrate, L. E., Donaldson, W. F., Kang, J. D., & Woo, S. L. Y. (1999). Virtual reality assisted visual feedback of cervical spine kinematics for improved control of active range-of-motion maneuvers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Bioengineering Division (Publication) Bed, 43, 15–16.
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DeFrate, L. E., Doehring, T. C., Gilbertson, L. G., Donaldson, W. F., Kang, J. D., & Woo, S. L. Y. (1997). Axial rotation limits cervical spine flexion-extension range of motion. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Bioengineering Division (Publication) Bed, 35, 445–446.
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DeFrate, L. E., Doehring, T. C., Nishida, K., Kang, J. D., Gilbertson, L. G., & Woo, S. L. Y. (1997). Virtual reality assisted measurement of in-vivo cervical spine kinematics. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Bioengineering Division (Publication) Bed, 36, 9–10.
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