Loren W. Nolte | Scholars@Duke

Loren W. Nolte
Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Loren Nolte is Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering with a secondary appointment as Professor of Biomedical Engineering. He received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. His current research interests are in signal detection and estimation theory with applications to ocean acoustics, biomedical statistical image processing, and optimal decision fusion.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1972

Contact Information

3471 CIEMAS, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90291, Durham, NC 27708-0291
lwn@ee.duke.edu (919) 660-5266

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 1965
- M.S.E.E., University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 1960
- B.S.E.E., Northwestern University 1956
Duke Appointment History
- Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1972 - 2005
- Chair, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1998 - 2001
- Associate Professor with Tenure, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1968 - 1972
- Associate Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1971 - 1972
- Assistant Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1966 - 1968
Research
Selected Grants
- 3-D Microwave Imaging System for Breast Cancer Detection awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2007
- Optimal Detection, Classification, and Localization Framework awarded by Office of Naval Research 2001 - 2004
- Networked Control Systems awarded by Army Research Office 2000 - 2004
- Networked Cooperative Robotics awarded by Army Research Office 2002 - 2004
- Mathematical Analysis of Biomedical Fluctuations awarded by Army Research Office 2002 - 2003
- Signal Detection Theory Based Microwave Imaging Algorithms and ROC Performance Analysis for Computer-aided Diagnosis of awarded by Lord Foundation of North Carolina 2001 - 2002
- Summer Support of Two New Graduate Students to Obtain Initial Results and Prepare Research Proposals in Signal Dectectio awarded by Lord Foundation of North Carolina 1999 - 2002
- Mathematical Analysis of Fluctuations in Human Gait Data awarded by Army Research Office 2000 - 2002
- (98-0346) Signal Detection and Estimation Based on Ocean Acoustics: Very Long Range Tracking awarded by Office of Naval Research 1998 - 1999
- Support for Writing on "Signal Detection/Estimation awarded by Lord Foundation of North Carolina 1998 - 1999
- (96-0360) Signal Detection and Estimation Based on Ocean Acoustics: Ocean Acoustic Thermometry awarded by Office of Naval Research 1989 - 1996
- (92-0273) Ocean Acoustics Signal Processing in an Uncertain Environment: Assert awarded by Office of Naval Research 1993 - 1996
- (95-0381) Signal Detection and Estimation Based on Ocean Acoustics: Ocean Acoustic Thermometry awarded by Office of Naval Research 1991 - 1996
- (94-0369) Optimal Physics-based Detection and Classification of Objects in the Vicinity of an Uneven Seafloor awarded by Office of Naval Research 1994 - 1995
- (94-0469) Signal Detection and Estimation Based on Ocean Acoustics: Ocean Acoustic Thermometry awarded by Office of Naval Research 1989 - 1994
- (92-0082) Signal Detection and Estimation Based on Ocean Acoustics awarded by Office of Naval Research 1992 - 1994
- (91-0131) Adaptive Acoustic Signal Detection awarded by Office of Naval Research 1991 - 1992
- (90-0027) Adaptive Acoustic Signal Detection awarded by Office of Naval Research 1989 - 1990
- (87-0520) Adaptive Acoustic Signal Detection awarded by Office of Naval Research 1986 - 1989
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Book Sections
  - Jesneck, JL, Mukherjee, S, Nolte, LW, Lokshin, AE, Marks, JR, and Lo, J. "Decision fusion of circulating markers for breast cancer detection in premenopausal women." 1434-1438. 2007. Full Text
- Conference Papers
  - Xian, Y, Sun, X, Liao, W, Zhang, Y, Nowacek, D, and Nolte, L. "Intrinsic structure study of whale vocalizations." November 28, 2016. Full Text
  - Kiarashi, N, Nolte, LW, Lo, JY, Segars, WP, Ghate, SV, and Samei, E. "The impact of breast structure on lesion detection in breast tomosynthesis." January 1, 2015. Full Text
  - Xian, Y, Thompson, A, Qiu, Q, Nolte, L, Nowacek, D, Lu, J, and Calderbank, R. "Classification of whale vocalizations using the Weyl transform." January 1, 2015. Full Text
  - Kiarashi, N, Sturgeon, GM, Nolte, LW, Lo, JY, Dobbins, JT, Segars, WP, and Samei, E. "Development of matched virtual and physical breast phantoms based on patient data." June 3, 2013. Full Text
  - Kiarashi, N, Lin, Y, Segars, WP, Ghate, SV, Ikejimba, L, Chen, B, Lo, JY, Iii, JTD, Nolte, LW, and Samei, E. "Development of a dynamic 4D anthropomorphic breast phantom for contrast-based breast imaging." 2012. Full Text
  - Liao, Y, Nolte, LW, and Collins, L. "Optimal Multisensor Decision Fusion of Mine Detection Algorithms." 2003. Full Text
  - Collins, LM, George, V, Altshuler, TW, Nolte, LW, and Carlin, L. "Improved decision-theoretic approach to the optimum detection of mines." 1997.
  - Michalopoulou, Z, Nolte, L, and Alexandrou, D. "ROC performance evaluation of multilayer perceptrons in the detection of one of M orthogonal signals." January 1, 1992. Full Text
- Journal Articles
  - Kiarashi, N, Nolte, LW, Lo, JY, Segars, WP, Ghate, SV, Solomon, JB, and Samei, E. "Impact of breast structure on lesion detection in breast tomosynthesis, a simulation study." Journal of Medical Imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) 3, no. 3 (July 2016): 035504-null. Full Text
  - Kiarashi, N, Nolte, AC, Sturgeon, GM, Segars, WP, Ghate, SV, Nolte, LW, Samei, E, and Lo, JY. "Development of realistic physical breast phantoms matched to virtual breast phantoms based on human subject data." Medical Physics 42, no. 7 (July 2015): 4116-4126. Full Text
  - Kiarashi, N, Lo, JY, Lin, Y, Ikejimba, LC, Ghate, SV, Nolte, LW, Dobbins, JT, Segars, WP, and Samei, E. "Development and application of a suite of 4-D virtual breast phantoms for optimization and evaluation of breast imaging systems." Ieee Transactions on Medical Imaging 33, no. 7 (July 2014): 1401-1409. Full Text
  - Agasthya, GA, Shah, JP, Harrawood, BP, Nolte, LW, and Kapadia, AJ. "Computerized detection of low SNR cases in NSECT: An ROC-based sensitivity analysis." IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (2012): 3935-3938. Full Text
  - Kiarashi, N, Ghate, SV, Lo, JY, Nolte, LW, and Samei, E. "Application of a dynamic 4D anthropomorphic breast phantom in contrast-based imaging system optimization: Dual-energy or temporal subtraction?." Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 7361 LNCS (2012): 658-665. Full Text
  - Chen, B, Shorey, J, Saunders, RS, Richard, S, Thompson, J, Nolte, LW, and Samei, E. "An anthropomorphic breast model for breast imaging simulation and optimization." Acad Radiol 18, no. 5 (May 2011): 536-546. Full Text Link to Item
  - Barr, RC, Nolte, LW, and Pollard, AE. "Bayesian quantitative electrophysiology and its multiple applications in bioengineering." Ieee Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 3 (January 2010): 155-168. (Review) Full Text
  - Qian, M, Aguilar, M, Zachery, KN, Privitera, C, Klein, S, Carney, T, and Nolte, LW. "Decision-level fusion of EEG and pupil features for single-trial visual detection analysis." IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 56, no. 7 (July 2009): 1929-1937. Full Text Link to Item
  - Barr, RC, Nolte, LW, and Pollard, AE. "Bayesian analysis of fiber impedance measurements." Conference proceedings : .. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference (December 1, 2007): 423-429.
  - Barr, RC, Nolte, LW, and Pollard, AE. "Bayesian analysis of fiber impedance measurements." Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007 (2007): 423-429. Full Text Link to Item
  - Barr, RC, Nolte, LW, and Pollard, AE. "Bayesian analysis of fiber impedance measurements." Conference proceedings : .. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference 2007 (2007): 423-429.
  - Liao, Y, Nolte, LW, and Collins, LM. "Decision fusion of ground-penetrating radar and metal detector algorithms - A robust approach." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 45, no. 2 (2007): 398-409. Full Text
  - Jesneck, JL, Nolte, LW, Baker, JA, Floyd, CE, and Lo, JY. "Optimized approach to decision fusion of heterogeneous data for breast cancer diagnosis." Medical Physics 33, no. 8 (August 2006): 2945-2954. Full Text
  - Jesneck, JL, Nolte, LW, Baker, JA, and Lo, JY. "The effect of data set size on computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer: Comparing decision fusion to a linear discriminant." Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE 6146 (2006). Full Text
  - Sha, L, and Nolte, LW. "Bayesian sonar detection performance prediction with source position uncertainty using SWellEx-96 vertical array data." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 31, no. 2 (2006): 345-355. Full Text
  - Sha, L, and Nolte, LW. "Effects of environmental uncertainties on sonar detection performance prediction." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 4 I (2005): 1942-1953. Full Text
  - Sha, L, and Nolte, LW. "Bayesian sonar detection performance prediction in the presence of interference in uncertain environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 4 I (2005): 1954-1964. Full Text
  - Bilska-Wolak, AO, Floyd, CE, Nolte, LW, and Lo, JY. "Application of likelihood ratio to classification of mammographic masses; performance comparison to case-based reasoning." Med Phys 30, no. 5 (May 2003): 949-958. Full Text Link to Item
  - Tantum, SL, Nolte, LW, Krolik, JL, and Harmanci, K. "The performance of matched-field track-before-detect methods using shallow-water Pacific data." J Acoust Soc Am 112, no. 1 (July 2002): 119-127. Link to Item
  - Liu, QH, Zhang, ZQ, Wang, TT, Bryan, JA, Ybarra, GA, Nolte, LW, and Joines, WT. "Active microwave imaging I - 2-D forward and inverse scattering methods." Ieee Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 50, no. 1 I (2002): 123-133. Full Text
  - Tantum, SL, and Nolte, LW. "On array design for matched-field processing." J Acoust Soc Am 107, no. 4 (April 2000): 2101-2111. Link to Item
  - Rasimas, JG, Tantum, SL, and Nolte, LW. "Bayesian signal detection for multiple aspect targets with an uncertain look angle." Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 3710, no. I (1999): 718-726.
  - Tantum, SL, and Nolte, LW. "Effects of signal-to-noise ratio mismatch on Bayesian matched-field source localization performance." ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings 5 (1999): 2777-2780.
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "Optimal array processor performance trade-offs under directional uncertainty." IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. (USA) AES12, no. 5 (1998): 603-613.
  - Shorey, JA, and Nolte, LW. "Wideband optimal a posteriori probability source localization in an uncertain shallow ocean environment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 1 (1998): 355-361. Full Text
  - Tantum, SL, and Nolte, LW. "Tracking and localizing a moving source in an uncertain shallow water environment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 1 (1998): 362-373. Full Text
  - Book, PJ, and Nolte, LW. "Narrow-band source localization in the presence of internal waves for 1000-km range and 25-Hz acoustic frequency." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101, no. 3 (1997): 1336-1346. Full Text
  - Book, PJ, and Nolte, LW. "Wide-band source localization in the presence of internal waves." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, no. 5 I (1997): 2597-2606. Full Text
  - Nolte, LW, and Shorey, JA. "Posteriori probability source localization in an uncertain shallow water environment (Hudson Canyon)." ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings 2 (1996): 1197-1200.
  - Vargas-Voracek, R, Floyd, CE, Nolte, LW, and McAdams, P. "Hierarchical Markov random field modeling for texture classification in chest radiographs." Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 2710 (1996): 679-685. Full Text
  - PREMUS, V, ALEXANDROU, D, and NOLTE, LW. "FULL-FIELD OPTIMUM DETECTION IN AN UNCERTAIN, ANISOTROPIC RANDOM WAVE SCATTERING ENVIRONMENT." JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 98, no. 2 (August 1995): 1097-1110. Full Text Link to Item
  - Michalopoulou, ZH, Nolte, LW, and Alexandrou, D. "Performance evaluation of multilayer perceptrons in signal detection and classification." Ieee Transactions on Neural Networks 6, no. 2 (January 1995): 381-386. Full Text
  - Premus, V, Alexandrou, D, and Nolte, LW. "Full-field optimum detection in an uncertain, anisotropic random wave scattering environment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, no. 2 I (1995): 1097-1110. Full Text
  - Jalihal, D, and Nolte, LW. "Signal detection theory and reconstruction algorithms--performance for images in noise." IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 41, no. 5 (May 1994): 501-504. Full Text Link to Item
  - Haralabus, G, Premus, V, Alexandrou, D, Nolte, LW, and Richardson, AM. "Source localization in an uncertain acoustic scattering environment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 94, no. 6 (1993): 3379-3386. Full Text
  - Jalihal, D, and Nolte, LW. "Signal detection theory approach to the multiple parallel moving targets problem." CVGIP. Graphical models and image processing 55, no. 4 (1993): 235-254. Full Text
  - Shorey, JA, and Nolte, LW. "Posteriori probability source localization with uncertain mesoscale eddy currents." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 18, no. 3 (1993): 199-208. Full Text
  - Richardson, AM, and Nolte, LW. "A posteriori probability source localization with array tilt uncertainty." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 3 (1992): 1578-1582. Full Text
  - Jalihal, D, and Nolte, LW. "Optimal detection theory and image reconstruction-Comparison of performance in the presence of noise." Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology 13, no. pt 1 (1991): 26-27.
  - Rajala, SA, Nolte, LW, and Aanstoos, JV. "Detection of unresolved target tracks in infrared imagery." Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1606, no. pt 1 (1991): 360-371.
  - Richardson, AM, and Nolte, LW. "A posteriori probability source localization in an uncertain sound speed, deep ocean environment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, no. 5 (1991): 2280-2284.
  - Brown, DG, Lee, JN, Blinder, RA, Wang, HZ, Riederer, SJ, and Nolte, LW. "CNR enhancement in the presence of multiple interfering processes using linear filters." Magn Reson Med 14, no. 1 (April 1990): 79-96. (Review) Link to Item
  - Hunt, DJ, Nolte, LW, Reibman, AR, and Ruedger, WH. "Hough transform and signal detection theory performance for images with additive noise." Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing 52, no. 3 (1990): 386-401.
  - Reibman, AR, and Nolte, LW. "Optimal fault-tolerant signal detection." IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 38, no. 1 (1990): 179-180. Full Text
  - Reibman, AR, and Nolte, LW. "Optimal design and performance of distributed signal detection systems with faults." IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 38, no. 10 (1990): 1771-1782. Full Text
  - Richardson, AM, and Nolte, LW. "Source localization in an uncertain range-dependent ocean." Oceans Conference Record (IEEE) (1990): 263-267.
  - Izzo, L, Paura, L, Reiban, AR, and Nolte, LW. "Comments, with reply, on `Optimal detection and performance of distributed sensor systems'." IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. (USA) 25, no. 1 (1989): 113-114. (Academic Article) Full Text Link to Item
  - Hunt, DJ, Nolte, LW, and Ruedger, WH. "Performance of the hough transform and its relationship to statistical signal detection theory." Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing 43, no. 2 (1988): 221-238.
  - Reibman, AR, and Nolte, LW. "On determining the design of fusion detection networks." Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (1988): 2474-2473.
  - Reibman, AR, and Nolte, LW. "PERFORMANCE OF REDUNDANT AND DISTRIBUTED DETECTION SYSTEMS WITH PROCESSOR FAULTS." ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings (1988): 2805-2808.
  - Hunt, DJ, Nolte, LW, and Ruedger, WH. "COMPARISON OF HOUGH TRANSFORM AND SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY APPROACHES FOR CURVE DETECTION." Proceedings of the Annual Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (1987): 520-524.
  - Nolte, LW, Lee, SC, and Liu, S-CC. "ON PERFORMANCE OF ARRAY SIGNAL PROCESSING." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering OE-12, no. 1 (1987): 148-154.
  - Nolte, LW, Lee, SC, and Liu, SC. "On performance of array signal processing." IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. (USA) E-12, no. 1 (1987): 148-154. (Academic Article)
  - Reibman, AR, and Nolte, LW. "OPTIMAL DETECTION AND PERFORMANCE OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR SYSTEMS." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-23, no. 1 (1987): 24-30.
  - Reibman, AR, and Nolte, LW. "DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF DISTRIBUTED DETECTION NETWORKS." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-23, no. 6 (1987): 789-797.
  - Reibman, AR, and Nolte, LW. "DETECTION PERFORMANCE OF TWO-SENSOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS FOR NORMAL LOCAL ROCS." Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (1987): 1616-1617.
  - Reibman, AR, and Nolte, LW. "PERFORMANCE OF DISTRIBUTED DETECTION NETWORKS." Proceedings of the Annual Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (1987): 236-239.
  - Richardson, AM, and Nolte, LW. "UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC MULTIPATH SIGNAL PROCESSING." Proceedings of the Annual Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (1987): 228-230.
  - Earp, SL, and Nolte, LW. "MULTICHANNEL DETECTION OF KNOWN SIGNALS IN NOISE OF UNCERTAIN LEVEL." (1984): 312-314.
  - Earp, SL, and Nolte, LW. "MULTICHANNEL ADAPTIVE ARRAY PROCESSING FOR OPTIMAL DETECTION." ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings 1 (1984): 7. 2. 1-7. 2. 4-.
  - Zeferjahn, K, and Nolte, LW. "SIGNAL DETECTION IN NON-GAUSSIAN ENVIRONMENTS." (1984): 315-317.
  - BECK, JW, JASZCZAK, RJ, COLEMAN, RE, STARMER, CF, and NOLTE, LW. "ANALYSIS OF SPECT INCLUDING SCATTER AND ATTENUATION USING SOPHISTICATED MONTE-CARLO MODELING METHODS." IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 29, no. 1 (1982): 506-511. Full Text Link to Item
  - Beck, JW, Jaszczak, RJ, Coleman, RE, Starmer, CF, and Nolte, LW. "ANALYSIS OF SPECT INCLUDING SCATTER AND ATTENUATION USING SOPHISTICATED MONTE CARLO MODELING METHODS." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science NS-29, no. 1 (1981): 506-511.
  - Sharpe, SM, and Nolte, LW. "ADAPTIVE MSE ESTIMATION." ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings 2 (1981): 518-521.
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "A sequential implementation of optimal array processors." IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. (USA) AES-16, no. 3 (1980): 349-354. (Academic Article)
  - Huffman, SD, and Nolte, LW. "ADAPTIVE LINEAR ESTIMATION BASED ON TIME DOMAIN ORTHOGONALITY." Record - IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech & Signal Processing 2 (1980): 453-456.
  - LIU, SCC, and NOLTE, LW. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ARRAY PROCESSORS FOR DETECTING GAUSSIAN ACOUSTIC-SIGNALS." IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 28, no. 3 (1980): 328-333. Link to Item
  - Lui, SCC, and Nolte, LW. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ARRAY PROCESSORS FOR DETECTING GAUSSIAN ACOUSTIC SIGNALS." IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing ASSP-28, no. 3 (1980): 328-333.
  - Huffman, SD, and Nolte, LW. "FIXED-POINT ITERATION ALGORITHM FOR ADAPTIVE LINEAR ESTIMATION APPLIED TO SPECTRAL LINE ENHANCEMENT." (1979): 958-961.
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "ARRAY PROCESSOR PERFORMANCE UNDER DIRECTIONAL UNCERTAINTY." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-14, no. 5 (1978): 826-832.
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DETECTION AND ESTIMATION THEORY." (1978): 133-165.
  - Liu, CS, and Nolte, LW. "PERFORMANCE SENSITIVITY OF ARRAY DETECTORS TO A PRIORI SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 63, no. 3 (1978): 848-859.
  - HODGKISS, WS, and NOLTE, LW. "ADAPTIVE OPTIMUM ARRAY PROCESSING." JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 61, no. 3 (1977): 763-775. Full Text Link to Item
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "Adaptive optimum array processing [acoustic]." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (USA) 61, no. 3 (1977): 763-775. (Academic Article)
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "Bayes optimal versus estimate and plug array processor performance when there is directional uncertainty." Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute of Signal Processing I (1977): 203-212. (Academic Article)
  - Lee, SC, Nolte, LW, and Hatsell, CP. "GENERALIZED LIKELIHOOD RATIO FORMULA: ARBITRARY NOISE STATISTICS FOR DOUBLY COMPOSITE HYPOTHESES." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-23, no. 5 (1977): 637-640.
  - Liu, CS, and Nolte, LW. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ARRAY PROCESSORS FOR DETECTING GAUSSIAN ACOUSTIC SIGNALS." (1977): 691-694.
  - Scharf, LL, and Nolte, LW. "LIKELIHOOD RATIOS FOR SEQUENTIAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING ON MARKOV SEQUENCES." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-23, no. 1 (1977): 101-109.
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "Optimal Array Processor Performance Trade-offs Under Directional Uncertainty." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-12, no. 5 (1976): 605-615. Full Text
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "Covariance between Fourier coefficients representing the time waveforms observed from an array of sensors." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 59, no. 3 (1976): 582-590.
  - Liu, CS, and Nolte, LW. "Performance comparison between a simplified and the optimal decoder for minimising symbol error rate." IEEE Trans. Commun. (USA) CM-24, no. 1 (1976): 134-138. (Academic Article) Full Text Link to Item
  - Liu, CS, and Nolte, LW. "PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN A SIMPLIFIED AND THE OPTIMAL DECODER FOR MINIMIZING SYMBOL ERROR RATE." IEEE Transactions on Communications COM-24, no. 1 (1976): 134-138.
  - Adams, SL, and Nolte, LW. "OPTIMUM ARRAY DETECTION IN FLUCTUATING AMBIENT NOISE FIELDS." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 58, no. 3 (1975): 670-678.
  - Adams, SL, and Nolte, LW. "BAYES OPTIMUM ARRAY DETECTION OF TARGETS OF KNOWN LOCATION." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 58, no. 3 (1975): 656-669.
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "BAYES OPTIMUM AND MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD APPROACHES IN AN ARRAY PROCESSING PROBLEM." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-11, no. 5 (1975): 913-916. Full Text
  - Hodgkiss, WS, and Nolte, LW. "NOTE ON THE CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE FOR LIKELIHOOD RATIO PROCESSORS VIA COMPUTER SIMULATION." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-21, no. 6 (1975): 695-698.
  - Gallop, MA, and Nolte, LW. "Bayesian Detection of Targets of Unknown Location." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-10, no. 4 (1974): 429-435. Full Text
  - Hatsell, CP, and Nolte, LW. "OPTIMAL DETECTION OF A SIGNAL WITH TIME-VARYING CARRIER PHASE." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-10, no. 6 (1974): 788-794.
  - Hatsell, CP, and Nolte, LW. "A new generalized likelihood ratio formula." IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. (USA) SMC-4, no. 4 (1974): 389-392. (Academic Article)
  - Nolte, LW. "ADAPTIVE PROCESSING: TIME-VARYING PARAMETERS." (1973): 647-656.
  - Baxa, , G, E, Jr, , Nolte, , and W, L. "Adaptive signal detection with finite memory." IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. (USA) SMC-21 (1972): 42-49. (Academic Article)
  - HATSELL, C, and NOLTE, L. "Some geometric properties of the likelihood ratio." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-17, no. 5 (1971): 616-618.
  - HATSELL, C, and NOLTE, L. "On transient and periodic signal detection in time- varying noise power." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-7, no. 6 (1971): 1100-1112.
  - HATSELL, C, and NOLTE, L. "DETECTABILITY OF BURST-LIKE SIGNALS." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-7, no. 2 (1971): 398-400.
  - Hatsell, CP, and Nolte, LW. "Some Geometric Properties of the Likelihoood Ratio." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 17, no. 5 (January 1, 1971): 616-618. Full Text
  - Nolte, LW. "Adaptive optimum detection: synchronous-recurrent transients." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 44, no. 1 (1968): 224-239.
  - Nolte, L. "An adaptive realization of the optimum receiver for a sporadically recurrent waveform in noise (Corresp.)." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 13, no. 2 (April 1967): 308-311. Full Text
  - Nolte, LW, and Jaarsma, D. "More on the detection of one of M orthogonal signals." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 41, no. 2 (1967): 497-505. (Academic Article)
  - Nolte, LW. "An adaptive realization of the optimum receiver for a sporadically recurrent wave-form in noise." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-13, no. 2 (1967): 308-311. (Academic Article)
  - Nolte, LW. "Theory of signal detectability: adaptive optimum receiver design." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 42, no. 4 (1967): 773-777. (Academic Article)
  - Nolte, L. "An adaptive realization of the optimum receiver for a synchronous recurrent waveform (Corresp.)." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 12, no. 1 (January 1966): 78-80. Full Text
  - Nolte, LW. "Adaptive realization of optimum receiver for sporadic-recurrent waveform in noise." IEEE -- Communications Convention (1965): 593-598. (Academic Article)
  - Shorey, JA, Nolte, LW, and Krolik, JL. "Computationally efficient Monte Carlo estimation algorithms for matched field processing in uncertain ocean environments." J. Comput. Acoust. (Singapore) 2, no. 3: 285-314. (Academic Article)
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