Micah Thomas McClain | Scholars@Duke

Micah Thomas McClain
Associate Professor of Medicine

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2020
Member of Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Medicine 2014

Contact Information

Duke Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710
Room 161 Hanes House, Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710
micah.mcclain@duke.edu (919) 613-5636

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Fellowship, Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine 2006 - 2010
- Residency, General Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine 2004 - 2006
- M.D., University of Oklahoma 2004
- Ph.D., University of Oklahoma 2002
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2016 - 2020
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2010 - 2016
- Instructor Temporary in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2010
Recognition
In the News
- SEP 25, 2020 Duke Health News
  
  Duke-Developed Test Identifies Common Viral Infections Before Symptoms Appear
- MAR 16, 2016
  
  New Collaborative Seed Grant Program Gives Eight Awards
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
- Genetic Contributors to the Impact of Sex on Heterogeneity in Flu Infection awarded by National Institutes of Health 2022 - 2027
- Project Addendum #5 awarded by Biomeme, Inc. 2022 - 2027
- EXHALE: Early Detection of Human Infection using VOCs on Breath awarded by Owlstone Medical Ltd 2023 - 2026
- Metagenomics next-generation sequencing and severe febrile illness in Tanzania: Advancing diagnostics through integration of host immune response and unbiased microbial detection awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2025
- CIVICS Component C - Option 13A awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2025
- Acute Respiratory Infections Global Outpatient Study (ARGOS). awarded by Janssen Research & Development, LLC 2022 - 2025
- Mapping Epigenetic Memory of Exposure New To Observe (MEMENTO) awarded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 2019 - 2024
- Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID19 ¿ Adaptive Platform Trial (PROTECT-APT) awarded by Henry M. Jackson Foundation 2020 - 2023
- Rapid, point-of-care, host gene expression test for presymptomatic viral infection and to distinguish bacterial from viral illness awarded by Department of Defense 2021 - 2023
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Training Grant (TIDIRTG) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- Diagnosis and Outcomes of Pulmonary Invasive Mold Infections in Immunocompromised Children awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- COVID Survivors Long Term Follow Up Study--WMD ECHO Detector awarded by Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 2021 - 2023
- Biomeme Addendum #4 SRA-OHL awarded by Biomeme, Inc. 2022
- Duke RDS2 (Respondent-Driven Sampling, Respiratory Disease Surveillance) the SNOWBALL Sampling Study awarded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020 - 2022
- Biomeme Franklin ISP SARS-CoV-2 + Influenza Multiplexed RT-PCR Test Point of Care Study including Saletto Oral Fluid Collection awarded by Biomeme, Inc. 2021 - 2022
- Resilience Prediction to RSV Infection awarded by Sanofi US 2018 - 2021
- Host Transcriptomic Responses to Non-Invasively Monitor the Inflammatory Response and Rejection Signals of Hepatitis-C Naive Recipients of Hepatitis-C Infected Donor Kidneys awarded by American Society of Transplantation 2020 - 2021
- Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT) awarded by Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. 2020 - 2021
- IPA - Sunil Suchindran awarded by Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2019 - 2021
- IPA- Elizabeth Petzold awarded by Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2019 - 2021
- Human-Based Sensor System for Presymptomatic Biological Exposure Detection awarded by Research Triangle Institute International 2019 - 2021
- IPA- Deborah Murray awarded by Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2019 - 2020
- PREdicting contagion using Systems And GEnomic analysis (PRESAGE) awarded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 2017 - 2020
- VTEU Task D Protocol FY.2015.D1B1C1.0032 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2020
- Host-derived biomarker signatures to differentiate acute viral, bacterial, and fungal infection awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2020
- Novel host-based diagnostics of febrile illness in the warfighter awarded by Department of Defense 2016 - 2020
- IPA- Mark Sprenz awarded by Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2019 - 2020
- IPA- Sara Hoffman awarded by Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2019
- Biomarker signatures for diagnosis of acute respiratory syndromes in CF awarded by Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Inc. 2017 - 2019
- A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Phase 1 Dose Escalation Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated West Nile Virus Vaccine, HydroVax-001, in Healthy Adults awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2018
- Center for Statistics and Quantitative Infectious Diseases awarded by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 2016 - 2017
- Baseline Bio-molecular Models to Predict Infectious Disease Susceptibility awarded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 2015 - 2016
- Center for Statistics and Quantitative Infectious Diseases awarded by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 2014 - 2016
- Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Immunology and Vaccine Design awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2014
External Relationships
- Patent METHODS TO DIAGNOSE AND TREAT ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS US 20180245154 A1
- UpToDate, Inc
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Giroux, Nicholas S., Shengli Ding, Micah T. McClain, Thomas W. Burke, Elizabeth Petzold, Hong A. Chung, Grecia O. Rivera, et al. “Author Correction: Differential chromatin accessibility in peripheral blood mononuclear cells underlies COVID-19 disease severity prior to seroconversion.” Sci Rep 13, no. 1 (April 20, 2023): 6462. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33323-8.
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  - Ortiz, Justin R., David I. Bernstein, Daniel F. Hoft, Christopher W. Woods, Micah T. McClain, Sharon E. Frey, Rebecca C. Brady, et al. “A Multi-Center, Controlled Human Infection Study of Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Healthy Adults.” J Infect Dis, January 26, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad021.
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  - Cappuccio, Antonio, Daniel G. Chawla, Xi Chen, Aliza B. Rubenstein, Wan Sze Cheng, Weiguang Mao, Thomas W. Burke, et al. “Multi-objective optimization identifies a specific and interpretable COVID-19 host response signature.” Cell Syst 13, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): 989-1001.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2022.11.008.
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  - Fiorino, Cassandra, Yiling Liu, Ricardo Henao, Emily R. Ko, Thomas W. Burke, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Micah T. McClain, Christopher W. Woods, and Ephraim L. Tsalik. “Host Gene Expression to Predict Sepsis Progression.” Crit Care Med 50, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 1748–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005675.
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  - Schott, Benjamin H., Liuyang Wang, Xinyu Zhu, Alfred T. Harding, Emily R. Ko, Jeffrey S. Bourgeois, Erica J. Washington, et al. “Single-cell genome-wide association reveals that a nonsynonymous variant in ERAP1 confers increased susceptibility to influenza virus.” Cell Genom 2, no. 11 (November 9, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100207.
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  - Giroux, Nicholas S., Shengli Ding, Micah T. McClain, Thomas W. Burke, Elizabeth Petzold, Hong A. Chung, Grecia O. Rivera, et al. “Differential chromatin accessibility in peripheral blood mononuclear cells underlies COVID-19 disease severity prior to seroconversion.” Sci Rep 12, no. 1 (July 9, 2022): 11714. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15668-8.
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  - McKittrick, Justine M., Thomas W. Burke, Elizabeth Petzold, Gregory D. Sempowski, Thomas N. Denny, Christopher R. Polage, Ephraim L. Tsalik, and Micah T. McClain. “SARS-CoV-2 reinfection across a spectrum of immunological states.” Health Sci Rep 5, no. 4 (July 2022): e554. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.554.
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  - Holcomb, Zachary E., Julie M. Steinbrink, Aimee K. Zaas, Marisol Betancourt, Jennifer L. Tenor, Dena L. Toffaletti, J Andrew Alspaugh, John R. Perfect, and Micah T. McClain. “Transcriptional Profiles Elucidate Differential Host Responses to Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.” J Fungi (Basel) 8, no. 5 (April 22, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8050430.
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  - Ko, Emily R., Ricardo Henao, Katherine Frankey, Elizabeth A. Petzold, Pamela D. Isner, Anja K. Jaehne, Nakia Allen, et al. “Prospective Validation of a Rapid Host Gene Expression Test to Discriminate Bacterial From Viral Respiratory Infection.” Jama Netw Open 5, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): e227299. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7299.
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  - Bodkin, Nicholas, Melissa Ross, Micah T. McClain, Emily R. Ko, Christopher W. Woods, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Ricardo Henao, and Ephraim L. Tsalik. “Systematic comparison of published host gene expression signatures for bacterial/viral discrimination.” Genome Med 14, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-022-01025-x.
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  - Jaffe, Ian S., Anja K. Jaehne, Eugenia Quackenbush, Emily R. Ko, Emanuel P. Rivers, Micah T. McClain, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Christopher W. Woods, and Ephraim L. Tsalik. “Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinician Judgment to a Novel Host Response Diagnostic for Acute Respiratory Illness.” Open Forum Infect Dis 8, no. 12 (December 2021): ofab564. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab564.
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  - Tsalik, Ephraim L., Ricardo Henao, Jesse L. Montgomery, Jeff W. Nawrocki, Mert Aydin, Emily C. Lydon, Emily R. Ko, et al. “Discriminating Bacterial and Viral Infection Using a Rapid Host Gene Expression Test.” Crit Care Med 49, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1651–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005085.
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  - Garrido, Carolina, Jillian H. Hurst, Cynthia G. Lorang, Jhoanna N. Aquino, Javier Rodriguez, Trevor S. Pfeiffer, Tulika Singh, et al. “Asymptomatic or mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses in children and adolescents.” Jci Insight 6, no. 17 (September 8, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.150909.
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  - Grzesiak, Emilia, Brinnae Bent, Micah T. McClain, Christopher W. Woods, Ephraim L. Tsalik, Bradly P. Nicholson, Timothy Veldman, et al. “Assessment of the Feasibility of Using Noninvasive Wearable Biometric Monitoring Sensors to Detect Influenza and the Common Cold Before Symptom Onset.” Jama Netw Open 4, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e2128534. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28534.
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  - Mahle, Rachael E., Sunil Suchindran, Ricardo Henao, Julie M. Steinbrink, Thomas W. Burke, Micah T. McClain, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Christopher W. Woods, and Ephraim L. Tsalik. “Validation of a Host Gene Expression Test for Bacterial/Viral Discrimination in Immunocompromised Hosts.” Clin Infect Dis 73, no. 4 (August 16, 2021): 605–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab043.
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  - Steinbrink, Julie M., Rachel A. Myers, Kaiyuan Hua, Melissa D. Johnson, Jessica L. Seidelman, Ephraim L. Tsalik, Ricardo Henao, et al. “The host transcriptional response to Candidemia is dominated by neutrophil activation and heme biosynthesis and supports novel diagnostic approaches.” Genome Med 13, no. 1 (July 5, 2021): 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-021-00924-9.
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  - Yu, Chen, Sejiro Littleton, Nicholas S. Giroux, Rose Mathew, Shengli Ding, Joan Kalnitsky, Yuchen Yang, et al. “Mucosal-associated invariant T cell responses differ by sex in COVID-19.” Med 2, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 755-772.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2021.04.008.
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  - Wang, Liuyang, Thomas J. Balmat, Alejandro L. Antonia, Florica J. Constantine, Ricardo Henao, Thomas W. Burke, Andy Ingham, et al. “An atlas connecting shared genetic architecture of human diseases and molecular phenotypes provides insight into COVID-19 susceptibility.” Genome Med 13, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-021-00904-z.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Florica J. Constantine, Bradly P. Nicholson, Marshall Nichols, Thomas W. Burke, Ricardo Henao, Daphne C. Jones, et al. “A blood-based host gene expression assay for early detection of respiratory viral infection: an index-cluster prospective cohort study.” Lancet Infect Dis 21, no. 3 (March 2021): 396–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30486-2.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Florica J. Constantine, Ricardo Henao, Yiling Liu, Ephraim L. Tsalik, Thomas W. Burke, Julie M. Steinbrink, et al. “Dysregulated transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the periphery.” Nat Commun 12, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 1079. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21289-y.
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  - Ross, Melissa, Ricardo Henao, Thomas W. Burke, Emily R. Ko, Micah T. McClain, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Christopher W. Woods, and Ephraim L. Tsalik. “A comparison of host response strategies to distinguish bacterial and viral infection.” Plos One 16, no. 12 (2021): e0261385. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261385.
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  - Tsalik, Ephraim L., Cassandra Fiorino, Ammara Aqeel, Yiling Liu, Ricardo Henao, Emily R. Ko, Thomas W. Burke, et al. “The Host Response to Viral Infections Reveals Common and Virus-Specific Signatures in the Peripheral Blood.” Front Immunol 12 (2021): 741837. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.741837.
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  - Tillekeratne, L Gayani, Sunil Suchindran, Emily R. Ko, Elizabeth A. Petzold, Champica K. Bodinayake, Ajith Nagahawatte, Vasantha Devasiri, et al. “Previously Derived Host Gene Expression Classifiers Identify Bacterial and Viral Etiologies of Acute Febrile Respiratory Illness in a South Asian Population.” Open Forum Infect Dis 7, no. 6 (June 2020): ofaa194. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa194.
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  - Steinbrink, Julie M., Aimee K. Zaas, Marisol Betancourt, Jennifer L. Modliszewski, David L. Corcoran, and Micah T. McClain. “A transcriptional signature accurately identifies Aspergillus Infection across healthy and immunosuppressed states.” Transl Res 219 (May 2020): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2020.02.005.
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  - McClain, Micah T., and Daniel J. Sexton. “Surveillance for Spotted Fever Group Rickettsial Infections: Problems, Pitfalls, and Potential Solutions.” J Infect Dis 221, no. 8 (March 28, 2020): 1238–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz317.
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  - Colón-Emeric, Cathleen, Carl F. Pieper, Kenneth E. Schmader, Richard Sloane, Allison Bloom, Micah McClain, Jay Magaziner, et al. “Two Approaches to Classifying and Quantifying Physical Resilience in Longitudinal Data.” J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci 75, no. 4 (March 9, 2020): 731–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz097.
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  - Jog, Neelakshi R., Micah T. McClain, Latisha D. Heinlen, Timothy Gross, Rheal Towner, Joel M. Guthridge, Robert C. Axtell, Gabriel Pardo, John B. Harley, and Judith A. James. “Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) peptides recognized by adult multiple sclerosis patient sera induce neurologic symptoms in a murine model.” J Autoimmun 106 (January 2020): 102332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102332.
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  - Lydon, Emily C., Ricardo Henao, Thomas W. Burke, Mert Aydin, Bradly P. Nicholson, Seth W. Glickman, Vance G. Fowler, et al. “Validation of a host response test to distinguish bacterial and viral respiratory infection.” Ebiomedicine 48 (October 2019): 453–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.040.
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  - Bloom, Allison S., Sunil Suchindran, Julie Steinbrink, and Micah T. McClain. “Utility of predictive tools for risk stratification of elderly individuals with all-cause acute respiratory infection.” Infection 47, no. 4 (August 2019): 617–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-019-01299-1.
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  - Woods, Christopher W., Ana M. Sanchez, Geeta K. Swamy, Micah T. McClain, Lynn Harrington, Debra Freeman, Elizabeth A. Poore, et al. “An observer blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I dose escalation trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated West Nile virus Vaccine, HydroVax-001, in healthy adults.” Vaccine 37, no. 30 (July 9, 2019): 4222–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.026.
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  - Madan, Anuradha, Shuguang Chen, Phillip Yates, Michael L. Washburn, Grace Roberts, Andrew J. Peat, Yu Tao, et al. “Efficacy and Safety of Danirixin (GSK1325756) Co-administered With Standard-of-Care Antiviral (Oseltamivir): A Phase 2b, Global, Randomized Study of Adults Hospitalized With Influenza.” Open Forum Infect Dis 6, no. 4 (April 2019): ofz163. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz163.
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  - Lydon, Emily C., Charles Bullard, Mert Aydin, Olga M. Better, Anna Mazur, Bradly P. Nicholson, Emily R. Ko, et al. “A host gene expression approach for identifying triggers of asthma exacerbations.” Plos One 14, no. 4 (2019): e0214871. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214871.
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  - Fourati, Slim, Aarthi Talla, Mehrad Mahmoudian, Joshua G. Burkhart, Riku Klén, Ricardo Henao, Thomas Yu, et al. “A crowdsourced analysis to identify ab initio molecular signatures predictive of susceptibility to viral infection.” Nat Commun 9, no. 1 (October 24, 2018): 4418. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06735-8.
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  - Poore, Gregory D., Emily R. Ko, Ashlee Valente, Ricardo Henao, Kelsey Sumner, Christopher Hong, Thomas W. Burke, et al. “A miRNA Host Response Signature Accurately Discriminates Acute Respiratory Infection Etiologies.” Front Microbiol 9 (2018): 2957. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02957.
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  - Muller, Julius, Eneida Parizotto, Richard Antrobus, James Francis, Campbell Bunce, Amanda Stranks, Marshall Nichols, et al. “Development of an objective gene expression panel as an alternative to self-reported symptom scores in human influenza challenge trials.” J Transl Med 15, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 134. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-017-1235-3.
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  - Burke, Thomas W., Ricardo Henao, Erik Soderblom, Ephraim L. Tsalik, J Will Thompson, Micah T. McClain, Marshall Nichols, et al. “Nasopharyngeal Protein Biomarkers of Acute Respiratory Virus Infection.” Ebiomedicine 17 (March 2017): 172–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.015.
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  - Holcomb, Zachary E., Ephraim L. Tsalik, Christopher W. Woods, and Micah T. McClain. “Host-Based Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Analysis for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases.” J Clin Microbiol 55, no. 2 (February 2017): 360–68. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01057-16.
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  - Sobel Leonard, Ashley, Micah T. McClain, Gavin J. D. Smith, David E. Wentworth, Rebecca A. Halpin, Xudong Lin, Amy Ransier, et al. “The effective rate of influenza reassortment is limited during human infection.” Plos Pathog 13, no. 2 (February 2017): e1006203. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006203.
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  - Sobel Leonard, Ashley, Micah T. McClain, Gavin J. D. Smith, David E. Wentworth, Rebecca A. Halpin, Xudong Lin, Amy Ransier, et al. “Deep Sequencing of Influenza A Virus from a Human Challenge Study Reveals a Selective Bottleneck and Only Limited Intrahost Genetic Diversification.” J Virol 90, no. 24 (December 15, 2016): 11247–58. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01657-16.
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  - Berry, Scott M., Elizabeth A. Petzold, Peter Dull, Nathan M. Thielman, Coleen K. Cunningham, Micah T. McClain, David L. Hoover, James Russell, John McLeod Griffiss, and Christopher W. Woods. “Response.” Clin Trials 13, no. 5 (October 2016): 568–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774516654446.
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  - Yang, William E., Sunil Suchindran, Bradly P. Nicholson, Micah T. McClain, Thomas Burke, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Clayton D. Harro, et al. “Transcriptomic Analysis of the Host Response and Innate Resilience to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection in Humans.” J Infect Dis 213, no. 9 (May 1, 2016): 1495–1504. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv593.
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  - McClain, M. T., R. Henao, J. Williams, B. Nicholson, T. Veldman, L. Hudson, E. L. Tsalik, et al. “Differential evolution of peripheral cytokine levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic responses to experimental influenza virus challenge.” Clin Exp Immunol 183, no. 3 (March 2016): 441–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.12736.
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  - Tsalik, Ephraim L., Yanhong Li, Lori L. Hudson, Vivian H. Chu, Tiffany Himmel, Alex T. Limkakeng, Jason N. Katz, et al. “Potential Cost-effectiveness of Early Identification of Hospital-acquired Infection in Critically Ill Patients.” Ann Am Thorac Soc 13, no. 3 (March 2016): 401–13. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201504-205OC.
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  - Berry, Scott M., Elizabeth A. Petzold, Peter Dull, Nathan M. Thielman, Coleen K. Cunningham, G Ralph Corey, Micah T. McClain, et al. “A response adaptive randomization platform trial for efficient evaluation of Ebola virus treatments: A model for pandemic response.” Clin Trials 13, no. 1 (February 2016): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774515621721.
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  - Tsalik, Ephraim L., Ricardo Henao, Marshall Nichols, Thomas Burke, Emily R. Ko, Micah T. McClain, Lori L. Hudson, et al. “Host gene expression classifiers diagnose acute respiratory illness etiology.” Sci Transl Med 8, no. 322 (January 20, 2016): 322ra11. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aad6873.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Bradly P. Nicholson, Lawrence P. Park, Tzu-Yu Liu, Alfred O. Hero, Ephraim L. Tsalik, Aimee K. Zaas, et al. “A Genomic Signature of Influenza Infection Shows Potential for Presymptomatic Detection, Guiding Early Therapy, and Monitoring Clinical Responses.” Open Forum Infect Dis 3, no. 1 (January 2016): ofw007. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw007.
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  - Tsalik, Ephraim L., Micah McClain, and Aimee K. Zaas. “Moving toward prime time: host signatures for diagnosis of respiratory infections.” J Infect Dis 212, no. 2 (July 15, 2015): 173–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv032.
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  - Ko, Emily R., William E. Yang, Micah T. McClain, Christopher W. Woods, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, and Ephraim L. Tsalik. “What was old is new again: using the host response to diagnose infectious disease.” Expert Rev Mol Diagn 15, no. 9 (2015): 1143–58. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.2015.1059278.
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  - Tsalik, Ephraim L., Raymond J. Langley, Darrell L. Dinwiddie, Neil A. Miller, Byunggil Yoo, Jennifer C. van Velkinburgh, Laurie D. Smith, et al. “An integrated transcriptome and expressed variant analysis of sepsis survival and death.” Genome Med 6, no. 11 (2014): 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-014-0111-5.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Lawrence P. Park, Bradly Nicholson, Timothy Veldman, Aimee K. Zaas, Ron Turner, Robert Lambkin-Williams, Anthony S. Gilbert, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, and Christopher W. Woods. “Longitudinal analysis of leukocyte differentials in peripheral blood of patients with acute respiratory viral infections.” J Clin Virol 58, no. 4 (December 2013): 689–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2013.09.015.
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  - Zaas, Aimee K., Thomas Burke, Minhua Chen, Micah McClain, Bradly Nicholson, Timothy Veldman, Ephraim L. Tsalik, et al. “A host-based RT-PCR gene expression signature to identify acute respiratory viral infection.” Sci Transl Med 5, no. 203 (September 18, 2013): 203ra126. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3006280.
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  - Bagga, Bindiya, Christopher W. Woods, Timothy H. Veldman, Anthony Gilbert, Alex Mann, Ganesh Balaratnam, Robert Lambkin-Williams, et al. “Comparing influenza and RSV viral and disease dynamics in experimentally infected adults predicts clinical effectiveness of RSV antivirals.” Antivir Ther 18, no. 6 (2013): 785–91. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP2629.
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  - Woods, Christopher W., Micah T. McClain, Minhua Chen, Aimee K. Zaas, Bradly P. Nicholson, Jay Varkey, Timothy Veldman, et al. “A host transcriptional signature for presymptomatic detection of infection in humans exposed to influenza H1N1 or H3N2.” Plos One 8, no. 1 (2013): e52198. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052198.
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  - Huang, Yongsheng, Aimee K. Zaas, Arvind Rao, Nicolas Dobigeon, Peter J. Woolf, Timothy Veldman, N Christine Øien, et al. “Temporal dynamics of host molecular responses differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic influenza a infection.” Plos Genet 7, no. 8 (August 2011): e1002234. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002234.
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  - Moody, M Anthony, Ruijun Zhang, Emmanuel B. Walter, Christopher W. Woods, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Micah T. McClain, Thomas N. Denny, et al. “H3N2 influenza infection elicits more cross-reactive and less clonally expanded anti-hemagglutinin antibodies than influenza vaccination.” Plos One 6, no. 10 (2011): e25797. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025797.
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  - Heinlen, Latisha D., Lauren L. Ritterhouse, Micah T. McClain, Michael P. Keith, Barbara R. Neas, John B. Harley, and Judith A. James. “Ribosomal P autoantibodies are present before SLE onset and are directed against non-C-terminal peptides.” J Mol Med (Berl) 88, no. 7 (July 2010): 719–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-010-0618-1.
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  - Heinlen, Latisha D., Micah T. McClain, Lauren L. Ritterhouse, Benjamin F. Bruner, Colin C. Edgerton, Michael P. Keith, Judith A. James, and John B. Harley. “60 kD Ro and nRNP A frequently initiate human lupus autoimmunity.” Plos One 5, no. 3 (March 10, 2010): e9599. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009599.
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  - Heinlen, Latisha D., Micah T. McClain, Joan Merrill, Yasmin W. Akbarali, Colin C. Edgerton, John B. Harley, and Judith A. James. “Clinical criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus precede diagnosis, and associated autoantibodies are present before clinical symptoms.” Arthritis Rheum 56, no. 7 (July 2007): 2344–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22665.
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  - James, J. A., X. R. Kim-Howard, B. F. Bruner, M. K. Jonsson, M. T. McClain, M. R. Arbuckle, C. Walker, G. J. Dennis, J. T. Merrill, and J. B. Harley. “Hydroxychloroquine sulfate treatment is associated with later onset of systemic lupus erythematosus.” Lupus 16, no. 6 (2007): 401–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203307078579.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Brian D. Poole, Benjamin F. Bruner, Kenneth M. Kaufman, John B. Harley, and Judith A. James. “An altered immune response to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.” Arthritis Rheum 54, no. 1 (January 2006): 360–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.21682.
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  - Scofield, R Hal, Biji T. Kurien, Samantha Ganick, Micah T. McClain, Quentin Pye, Judith A. James, Rebecca I. Schneider, Robert H. Broyles, Michael Bachmann, and Kenneth Hensley. “Modification of lupus-associated 60-kDa Ro protein with the lipid oxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal increases antigenicity and facilitates epitope spreading.” Free Radic Biol Med 38, no. 6 (March 15, 2005): 719–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.001.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Latisha D. Heinlen, Gregory J. Dennis, Jon Roebuck, John B. Harley, and Judith A. James. “Early events in lupus humoral autoimmunity suggest initiation through molecular mimicry.” Nat Med 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 85–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1167.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Melissa R. Arbuckle, Latisha D. Heinlen, Gregory J. Dennis, Jon Roebuck, Mark V. Rubertone, John B. Harley, and Judith A. James. “The prevalence, onset, and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies prior to diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.” Arthritis Rheum 50, no. 4 (April 2004): 1226–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20120.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Carol S. Lutz, Kenneth M. Kaufman, Ofer Z. Faig, Timothy F. Gross, and Judith A. James. “Structural availability influences the capacity of autoantigenic epitopes to induce a widespread lupus-like autoimmune response.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, no. 10 (March 9, 2004): 3551–56. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0306267101.
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  - Kelleher, Peter. “Autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus.” N Engl J Med 350, no. 3 (January 15, 2004): 305. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200401153500320.
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  - Arbuckle, Melissa R., Micah T. McClain, Mark V. Rubertone, R Hal Scofield, Gregory J. Dennis, Judith A. James, and John B. Harley. “Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus.” N Engl J Med 349, no. 16 (October 16, 2003): 1526–33. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021933.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Erin C. Rapp, John B. Harley, and Judith A. James. “Infectious mononucleosis patients temporarily recognize a unique, cross-reactive epitope of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1.” J Med Virol 70, no. 2 (June 2003): 253–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.10385.
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  - Heinlen, Latisha D., Micah T. McClain, Xana Kim, Del-Rio Ana I. Quintero, Judith A. James, John B. Harley, and R Hal Scofield. “Anti-Ro and anti-nRNP response in unaffected family members of SLE patients.” Lupus 12, no. 4 (2003): 335–37. https://doi.org/10.1191/0961203303lu377xx.
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  - Arbuckle, M. R., J. A. James, G. J. Dennis, M. V. Rubertone, M. T. McClain, X. R. Kim, and J. B. Harley. “Rapid clinical progression to diagnosis among African-American men with systemic lupus erythematosus.” Lupus 12, no. 2 (2003): 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1191/0961203303lu334oa.
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  - McClain, M. T., R. H. Scofield, B. T. Kurien, T. F. Gross, and J. A. James. “Selective small antigenic structures are capable of inducing widespread autoimmunity which closely mimics the humoral fine specificity of human SLE.” Scand J Immunol 56, no. 4 (October 2002): 399–407. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01141.x.
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  - McClain, Micah T., Paul A. Ramsland, Kenneth M. Kaufman, and Judith A. James. “Anti-sm autoantibodies in systemic lupus target highly basic surface structures of complexed spliceosomal autoantigens.” J Immunol 168, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 2054–62. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.2054.
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  - Lutz, Carol S., Micah T. McClain, John B. Harley, and Judith A. James. “Anti-U1A monoclonal antibodies recognize unique epitope targets of U1A which are involved in the binding of U1 RNA.” J Mol Recognit 15, no. 3 (2002): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmr.569.
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  - McClain, M. T., J. B. Harley, and J. A. James. “The role of Epstein-Barr virus in systemic lupus erythematosus.” Front Biosci 6 (October 1, 2001): E137–47. https://doi.org/10.2741/mcclain.
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  - Kaufman, K. M., M. Y. Kirby, M. T. McClain, J. B. Harley, and J. A. James. “Lupus autoantibodies recognize the product of an alternative open reading frame of SmB/B'.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 285, no. 5 (August 3, 2001): 1206–12. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2001.5302.
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  - James, J. A., M. T. McClain, G. Koelsch, D. G. Williams, and J. B. Harley. “Side-chain specificities and molecular modelling of peptide determinants for two anti-Sm B/B' autoantibodies.” J Autoimmun 12, no. 1 (February 1999): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaut.1998.0252.
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  - McClain, M. T., K. M. Kaufman, G. Koelsch, J. B. Harley, and J. A. James. “Identification and analysis of peptide determinants of murine monoclonal anti-Sm B/B' autoantibodies.” Faseb Journal 12, no. 5 (March 20, 1998).
  - Davis, A. L., M. T. McClain, T. F. Gross, J. B. Harley, and J. A. James. “Immunization with 60kD Ro leads to a diversified immune response to several lupus autoantigens.” Faseb Journal 12, no. 4 (1998): A610.
  - James, J. A., T. F. Gross, A. L. Davis, M. T. McClain, and J. B. Harley. “Immunization with a common epitope of nRNP a induces lupus autoimmunity.” Faseb Journal 12, no. 4 (1998): A606.
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