Patrick Sullivan
Associate Professor Emeritus of Medicine
The primary focus of my lab is to investigate the relationship between APOE genotype and late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The single most common and influential gene in AD is the APOE gene. The APOE gene is polymorphic; encoding three different alleles designated APOE2, E3 or E4. APOE4 carriers have the highest risk for AD while APOE3 carriers have an essentially neutral risk and APOE2 carriers may be protected against AD. The APOE4 gene is also linked to increased risk for atherosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, peripheral neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, stroke and type II diabetes; as well as an increased susceptibility to HIV and Chlamydia infections, head injury and cognitive decline following coronary bypass surgery. The fact that 28% of the US population are carriers of the APOE4 gene, underscores the need for a better understanding of APOE’s relationship to disease. The major challenge facing researchers today is determining why some APOE4 carriers succumb to disease while others do not. Genetic modifiers and environmental risk factors likely explain different individual outcomes. The primary environmental risk factors are thought to be; a Westernized diet, low physical activity, chronic stress, poor sleep habits, andro/menopause and most importantly, age.
We are currently working to test novel drug formulations that specifically target putative apoE dependent mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration. Our initial screens involve neuronal-glial cell culture models that eventually will lead to testing in animals. We currently use the best available animal model of apoE-linked AD, the human apoE targeted replacement (TR) or “knock in” mice. I created three lines of human apoE TR mice, each expressing one the three human apoE isoforms and have since made multiple crosses to other AD related genes (e.g. APP, PS1 and tau). I have given the apoE TR mice and made the crosses available to over 70 labs worldwide.
We are also working to build a better model of late onset AD by combining the apoE TR mice with non-mutated human APP and tau KI mice. We think this is important because over 98% of all AD cases contain no mutations in the APP or tau genes. Our hope is to better understand the true etiology and progression of late onset AD. If successful this new model should aid in both novel target identification and new drug testing to produce therapeutics with greater efficacy in treating AD.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2021
- Senior Fellow of the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Institutes and Centers 2020
Contact Information
- 508 Fulton St., Grecc 182, Durham, NC 27705
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p.sullivan@duke.edu
(919) 286-0411
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 1993
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Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2021
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2019 - 2020
- Associate Professor in Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2013 - 2019
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2009 - 2013
- Assistant Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2006 - 2009
- Assistant Research Professor in Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 1998 - 2006
- Instructor, Temporary in the Department of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 1998
- Research
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Selected Grants
- Role of Rab10 in Alzheimer's disease awarded by National Institutes of Health 2022 - 2024
- A Novel Animal Model of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2022
- Testing of PROTEO formulation to reduce brain amyloid beta levels awarded by Mark Brosso 2016 - 2020
- Influence of APOE Genotype on the neurodegenerative sequelae of repetitive mild TBI in an hTau mouse model awarded by Roskamp Institute 2019 - 2020
- Sleep and ApoE2 Interactions in Alzheimer Disease awarded by University of Pennsylvania 2019 - 2020
- IPA - Frances Haire awarded by Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2018 - 2019
- In vivo testing of lead compound for Alion pharmacueticals awarded by Alion Pharmaceuticals 2014 - 2017
- Behavior And Physiology In Aging awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2015
- Agilent Direct Drive 9.4T MRS/MRI Console awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2013
- IPA - Sullivan awarded by Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2012
- APOE4 and Loss of Synaptic Integrity awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2010
- Murine AMD Model Based on Constellation of Known Human AMD Risk Factors awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2008
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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Wang, Shaowei, Boyang Li, Victoria Solomon, Alfred Fonteh, Stanley I. Rapoport, David A. Bennett, Zoe Arvanitakis, Helena C. Chui, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Hussein N. Yassine. “Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation is implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with ApoE4.” Mol Neurodegener 17, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-022-00549-5.Full Text Link to Item
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Williams, Tristan, Alejandra Jolie Ruiz, Angelica Maria Ruiz, Quan Vo, Wangchen Tsering, Guilian Xu, Karen McFarland, et al. “Impact of APOE genotype on prion-type propagation of tauopathy.” Acta Neuropathol Commun 10, no. 1 (April 19, 2022): 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-022-01359-y.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, Shaowei, Boyang Li, Victoria Solomon, Alfred Fonteh, Stanley I. Rapoport, David A. Bennett, Zoe Arvanitakis, et al. “Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation is implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with ApoE4.” Mol Neurodegener 16, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-021-00438-3.Full Text Link to Item
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Shinohara, Mitsuru, Takahisa Kanekiyo, Masaya Tachibana, Aishe Kurti, Motoko Shinohara, Yuan Fu, Jing Zhao, et al. “APOE2 is associated with longevity independent of Alzheimer's disease.” Elife 9 (October 19, 2020). https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.62199.Full Text Link to Item
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Wong, Man Ying, Michael Lewis, James J. Doherty, Yang Shi, Anil G. Cashikar, Anna Amelianchik, Svitlana Tymchuk, et al. “25-Hydroxycholesterol amplifies microglial IL-1β production in an apoE isoform-dependent manner.” J Neuroinflammation 17, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01869-3.Full Text Link to Item
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Sullivan, P. M. “Influence of Western diet and APOE genotype on Alzheimer's disease risk.” Neurobiol Dis 138 (May 2020): 104790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104790.Full Text Link to Item
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Krishnamurthy, Kamesh, Viviana Cantillana, Haichen Wang, Patrick M. Sullivan, Bradley J. Kolls, Xintong Ge, Yufeng Lin, Brian Mace, and Daniel T. Laskowitz. “ApoE mimetic improves pathology and memory in a model of Alzheimer's disease.” Brain Res 1733 (April 15, 2020): 146685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146685.Full Text Link to Item
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Koller, Emily J., Elsa Gonzalez De La Cruz, Mary Weinrich, Tosha Williams, Pedro E. Cruz, Daniel Ryu, Todd E. Golde, et al. “Intracerebral Expression of AAV-APOE4 Is Not Sufficient to Alter Tau Burden in Two Distinct Models of Tauopathy.” Mol Neurobiol 57, no. 4 (April 2020): 1986–2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-01859-4.Full Text Link to Item
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Davis, Albert A., Casey E. Inman, Zachary M. Wargel, Umber Dube, Brittany M. Freeberg, Alexander Galluppi, Jessica N. Haines, et al. “APOE genotype regulates pathology and disease progression in synucleinopathy.” Sci Transl Med 12, no. 529 (February 5, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay3069.Full Text Link to Item
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Shi, Yang, Melissa Manis, Justin Long, Kairuo Wang, Patrick M. Sullivan, Javier Remolina Serrano, Rosa Hoyle, and David M. Holtzman. “Microglia drive APOE-dependent neurodegeneration in a tauopathy mouse model.” J Exp Med 216, no. 11 (November 4, 2019): 2546–61. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190980.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Tachibana, Masaya, Marie-Louise Holm, Chia-Chen Liu, Mitsuru Shinohara, Tomonori Aikawa, Hiroshi Oue, Yu Yamazaki, et al. “APOE4-mediated amyloid-β pathology depends on its neuronal receptor LRP1.” J Clin Invest 129, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1272–77. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI124853.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Liao, Fan, Aimin Li, Monica Xiong, Nga Bien-Ly, Hong Jiang, Yin Zhang, Mary Beth Finn, et al. “Targeting of nonlipidated, aggregated apoE with antibodies inhibits amyloid accumulation.” J Clin Invest 128, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 2144–55. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI96429.Full Text Link to Item
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Huynh, Tien-Phat V., Fan Liao, Caroline M. Francis, Grace O. Robinson, Javier Remolina Serrano, Hong Jiang, Joseph Roh, et al. “Age-Dependent Effects of apoE Reduction Using Antisense Oligonucleotides in a Model of β-amyloidosis.” Neuron 96, no. 5 (December 6, 2017): 1013-1023.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.014.Full Text Link to Item
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Baek, Amy E., Yen-Rei A. Yu, Sisi He, Suzanne E. Wardell, Ching-Yi Chang, Sanghoon Kwon, Ruchita V. Pillai, et al. “The cholesterol metabolite 27 hydroxycholesterol facilitates breast cancer metastasis through its actions on immune cells.” Nat Commun 8, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 864. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00910-z.Full Text Link to Item
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Shi, Yang, Kaoru Yamada, Shane Antony Liddelow, Scott T. Smith, Lingzhi Zhao, Wenjie Luo, Richard M. Tsai, et al. “ApoE4 markedly exacerbates tau-mediated neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy.” Nature 549, no. 7673 (September 28, 2017): 523–27. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24016.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Zhao, Na, Chia-Chen Liu, Alexandra J. Van Ingelgom, Yuka A. Martens, Cynthia Linares, Joshua A. Knight, Meghan M. Painter, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Guojun Bu. “Apolipoprotein E4 Impairs Neuronal Insulin Signaling by Trapping Insulin Receptor in the Endosomes.” Neuron 96, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 115-129.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.003.Full Text Link to Item
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Calippe, Bertrand, Sebastien Augustin, Fanny Beguier, Hugo Charles-Messance, Lucie Poupel, Jean-Baptiste Conart, Shulong J. Hu, et al. “Complement Factor H Inhibits CD47-Mediated Resolution of Inflammation.” Immunity 46, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 261–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.01.006.Full Text Link to Item
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Pankiewicz, Joanna E., Jairo Baquero-Buitrago, Sandrine Sanchez, Jennifer Lopez-Contreras, Jungsu Kim, Patrick M. Sullivan, David M. Holtzman, and Martin J. Sadowski. “APOE Genotype Differentially Modulates Effects of Anti-Aβ, Passive Immunization in APP Transgenic Mice.” Mol Neurodegener 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-017-0156-1.Full Text Link to Item
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Teter, Bruce, Mary Jo LaDu, Patrick M. Sullivan, Sally A. Frautschy, and Greg M. Cole. “Apolipoprotein E isotype-dependent modulation of microRNA-146a in plasma and brain.” Neuroreport 27, no. 11 (August 3, 2016): 791–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000000608.Full Text Link to Item
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Zhao, Lingzhi, Andrew J. Gottesdiener, Mayur Parmar, Mingjie Li, Stephen M. Kaminsky, Maria J. Chiuchiolo, Dolan Sondhi, et al. “Intracerebral adeno-associated virus gene delivery of apolipoprotein E2 markedly reduces brain amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease mouse models.” Neurobiol Aging 44 (August 2016): 159–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.020.Full Text Link to Item
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Peterson, Matthew J., Dana K. Thompson, Carl F. Pieper, Miriam C. Morey, Virginia B. Kraus, William E. Kraus, Patrick Sullivan, Gerda Fillenbaum, and Harvey J. Cohen. “A Novel Analytic Technique to Measure Associations Between Circulating Biomarkers and Physical Performance Across the Adult Life Span.” J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci 71, no. 2 (February 2016): 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv007.Full Text Link to Item
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Cacciottolo, Mafalda, Amy Christensen, Alexandra Moser, Jiahui Liu, Christian J. Pike, Conor Smith, Mary Jo LaDu, et al. “The APOE4 allele shows opposite sex bias in microbleeds and Alzheimer's disease of humans and mice.” Neurobiol Aging 37 (January 2016): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.010.Full Text Link to Item
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Liao, Fan, Tony J. Zhang, Hong Jiang, Katheryn B. Lefton, Grace O. Robinson, Robert Vassar, Patrick M. Sullivan, and David M. Holtzman. “Murine versus human apolipoprotein E4: differential facilitation of and co-localization in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and amyloid plaques in APP transgenic mouse models.” Acta Neuropathol Commun 3 (November 10, 2015): 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-015-0250-y.Full Text Link to Item
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Levy, Olivier, Sophie Lavalette, Shulong J. Hu, Michael Housset, William Raoul, Chiara Eandi, José-Alain Sahel, Patrick M. Sullivan, Xavier Guillonneau, and Florian Sennlaub. “APOE Isoforms Control Pathogenic Subretinal Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.” J Neurosci 35, no. 40 (October 7, 2015): 13568–76. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2468-15.2015.Full Text Link to Item
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Klein, Rebecca C., Shawn K. Acheson, Brian E. Mace, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Scott D. Moore. “Altered neurotransmission in the lateral amygdala in aged human apoE4 targeted replacement mice.” Neurobiol Aging 35, no. 9 (September 2014): 2046–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.019.Full Text Link to Item
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Pankiewicz, Joanna E., Maitea Guridi, Jungsu Kim, Ayodeji A. Asuni, Sandrine Sanchez, Patrick M. Sullivan, David M. Holtzman, and Martin J. Sadowski. “Blocking the apoE/Aβ interaction ameliorates Aβ-related pathology in APOE ε2 and ε4 targeted replacement Alzheimer model mice.” Acta Neuropathol Commun 2 (June 28, 2014): 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-014-0075-0.Full Text Link to Item
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Johnson, Lance A., Reid H. J. Olsen, Louise S. Merkens, Andrea DeBarber, Robert D. Steiner, Patrick M. Sullivan, Nobuyo Maeda, and Jacob Raber. “Apolipoprotein E-low density lipoprotein receptor interaction affects spatial memory retention and brain ApoE levels in an isoform-dependent manner.” Neurobiol Dis 64 (April 2014): 150–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2013.12.016.Full Text Link to Item
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Nelson, Erik R., Suzanne E. Wardell, Jeff S. Jasper, Sunghee Park, Sunil Suchindran, Matthew K. Howe, Nicole J. Carver, et al. “27-Hydroxycholesterol links hypercholesterolemia and breast cancer pathophysiology.” Science 342, no. 6162 (November 29, 2013): 1094–98. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241908.Full Text Link to Item
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Dhungana, Hiramani, Taisia Rolova, Ekaterina Savchenko, Sara Wojciechowski, Kaisa Savolainen, Anna-Kaisa Ruotsalainen, Patrick M. Sullivan, Jari Koistinaho, and Tarja Malm. “Western-type diet modulates inflammatory responses and impairs functional outcome following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in aged mice expressing the human apolipoprotein E4 allele.” J Neuroinflammation 10 (August 20, 2013): 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-10-102.Full Text Link to Item
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Bennett, Rachel E., Thomas J. Esparza, Hal A. Lewis, Eddie Kim, Christine L. Mac Donald, Patrick M. Sullivan, and David L. Brody. “Human apolipoprotein E4 worsens acute axonal pathology but not amyloid-β immunoreactivity after traumatic brain injury in 3xTG-AD mice.” J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 72, no. 5 (May 2013): 396–403. https://doi.org/10.1097/NEN.0b013e31828e24ab.Full Text Link to Item
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Kuszczyk, Magdalena A., Sandrine Sanchez, Joanna Pankiewicz, Jungsu Kim, Malgorzata Duszczyk, Maitea Guridi, Ayodeji A. Asuni, Patrick M. Sullivan, David M. Holtzman, and Martin J. Sadowski. “Blocking the interaction between apolipoprotein E and Aβ reduces intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ and inhibits synaptic degeneration.” Am J Pathol 182, no. 5 (May 2013): 1750–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.01.034.Full Text Link to Item
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Peng, Jing, Xia Xu, Brian E. Mace, Lisa A. Vanderveer, Laura R. Workman, Michael J. Slifker, Patrick M. Sullivan, Timothy D. Veenstra, and Margie L. Clapper. “Estrogen metabolism within the lung and its modulation by tobacco smoke.” Carcinogenesis 34, no. 4 (April 2013): 909–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgs402.Full Text Link to Item
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Hunter, Jesse M., John R. Cirrito, Jessica L. Restivo, Robert D. Kinley, Patrick M. Sullivan, David M. Holtzman, Deanna Koger, et al. “Emergence of a seizure phenotype in aged apolipoprotein epsilon 4 targeted replacement mice.” Brain Res 1467 (July 27, 2012): 120–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.05.048.Full Text Link to Item
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Lei, Beilei, Brian Mace, Steven T. Bellows, Patrick M. Sullivan, Michael P. Vitek, Daniel T. Laskowitz, and Michael L. James. “Interaction between sex and apolipoprotein e genetic background in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage.” Transl Stroke Res 3, no. 1 (March 2012): 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0176-7.Full Text Link to Item
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Hawkes, Cheryl A., Patrick M. Sullivan, Sarah Hands, Roy O. Weller, James A. R. Nicoll, and Roxana O. Carare. “Disruption of arterial perivascular drainage of amyloid-β from the brains of mice expressing the human APOE ε4 allele.” Plos One 7, no. 7 (2012): e41636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041636.Full Text Link to Item
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Arold, Stephen, Patrick Sullivan, Tina Bilousova, Edmond Teng, Carol A. Miller, Wayne W. Poon, Harry V. Vinters, et al. “Apolipoprotein E level and cholesterol are associated with reduced synaptic amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease and apoE TR mouse cortex.” Acta Neuropathol 123, no. 1 (January 2012): 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-011-0892-1.Full Text Link to Item
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Ding, Jin-Dong, Lincoln V. Johnson, Rolf Herrmann, Sina Farsiu, Stephanie G. Smith, Marybeth Groelle, Brian E. Mace, et al. “Anti-amyloid therapy protects against retinal pigmented epithelium damage and vision loss in a model of age-related macular degeneration.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, no. 28 (July 12, 2011): E279–87. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1100901108.Full Text Link to Item
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Sullivan, P. M., B. Han, F. Liu, B. E. Mace, J. F. Ervin, S. Wu, D. Koger, S. Paul, and K. R. Bales. “Reduced levels of human apoE4 protein in an animal model of cognitive impairment.” Neurobiol Aging 32, no. 5 (May 2011): 791–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.011.Full Text Link to Item
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Sullivan, P. M. “APOE-based models of "pre-dementia".” Neuromethods 48 (January 11, 2011): 439–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-898-0_22.Full Text
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Klein, R. C., B. E. Mace, S. D. Moore, and P. M. Sullivan. “Progressive loss of synaptic integrity in human apolipoprotein E4 targeted replacement mice and attenuation by apolipoprotein E2.” Neuroscience 171, no. 4 (December 29, 2010): 1265–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.10.027.Full Text Link to Item
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Laskowitz, Daniel T., Pingping Song, Haichen Wang, Brian Mace, Patrick M. Sullivan, Michael P. Vitek, and Hana N. Dawson. “Traumatic brain injury exacerbates neurodegenerative pathology: improvement with an apolipoprotein E-based therapeutic.” J Neurotrauma 27, no. 11 (November 2010): 1983–95. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2010.1396.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Lukiw, Walter J., Jian Guo Cui, Li Yuan Yuan, Partha S. Bhattacharjee, Madelyn Corkern, Christian Clement, Eli M. Kammerman, et al. “Acyclovir or Aβ42 peptides attenuate HSV-1-induced miRNA-146a levels in human primary brain cells.” Neuroreport 21, no. 14 (October 6, 2010): 922–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e32833da51a.Full Text Link to Item
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Sullivan, P. M., B. Mace, R. Klein, and S. Moore. “LOSS OF SYNAPTIC INTEGRITY IN AGED APOE4 MICE.” Gerontologist 50 (October 1, 2010): 183–183.Link to Item
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Bales, Kelly R., Feng Liu, Su Wu, Suizhen Lin, Deanna Koger, Cynthia DeLong, Jeffrey C. Hansen, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Steven M. Paul. “Human APOE isoform-dependent effects on brain beta-amyloid levels in PDAPP transgenic mice.” J Neurosci 29, no. 21 (May 27, 2009): 6771–79. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0887-09.2009.Full Text Link to Item
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Korwek, Kimberly M., Justin H. Trotter, Mary Jo Ladu, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Edwin J. Weeber. “ApoE isoform-dependent changes in hippocampal synaptic function.” Mol Neurodegener 4 (May 27, 2009): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1326-4-21.Full Text Link to Item
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James, Michael L., Patrick M. Sullivan, Christopher D. Lascola, Michael P. Vitek, and Daniel T. Laskowitz. “Pharmacogenomic effects of apolipoprotein e on intracerebral hemorrhage.” Stroke 40, no. 2 (February 2009): 632–39. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.530402.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, H., D. J. Christensen, M. P. Vitek, P. M. Sullivan, and D. T. Laskowitz. “APOE genotype affects outcome in a murine model of sepsis: implications for a new treatment strategy.” Anaesth Intensive Care 37, no. 1 (January 2009): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X0903700111.Full Text Link to Item
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Bour, Alexandra, Jeannette Grootendorst, Elise Vogel, Christian Kelche, Jean-Cosme Dodart, Kelly Bales, Pierre-Henri Moreau, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Chantal Mathis. “Middle-aged human apoE4 targeted-replacement mice show retention deficits on a wide range of spatial memory tasks.” Behav Brain Res 193, no. 2 (November 21, 2008): 174–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2008.05.008.Full Text Link to Item
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Sullivan, Patrick M., Brian E. Mace, Januario C. Estrada, Donald E. Schmechel, and Mark J. Alberts. “Human apolipoprotein E4 targeted replacement mice show increased prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with vascular amyloid deposition.” J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 17, no. 5 (September 2008): 303–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.03.011.Full Text Link to Item
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Shelton, Shirley B., David B. Pettigrew, Alison D. Hermann, Weidong Zhou, Patrick M. Sullivan, Keith A. Crutcher, and Kenneth I. Strauss. “A simple, efficient tool for assessment of mice after unilateral cortex injury.” J Neurosci Methods 168, no. 2 (March 15, 2008): 431–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.11.003.Full Text Link to Item
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Ding, Jin-Dong, John Lin, Brian E. Mace, Rolf Herrmann, Patrick Sullivan, and Catherine Bowes Rickman. “Targeting age-related macular degeneration with Alzheimer's disease based immunotherapies: anti-amyloid-beta antibody attenuates pathologies in an age-related macular degeneration mouse model.” Vision Res 48, no. 3 (February 2008): 339–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.07.025.Full Text Link to Item
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Malek, Goldis, Jeffery A. Jamison, Brian Mace, Patrick Sullivan, and Catherine Bowes Rickman. “ERG responses and microarray analysis of gene expression in a multifactorial murine model of age-related retinal degeneration.” Adv Exp Med Biol 613 (2008): 165–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74904-4_18.Full Text Link to Item
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Osorio, Cristina, Patrick M. Sullivan, Dong Ning He, Brian E. Mace, John F. Ervin, Warren J. Strittmatter, and Oscar Alzate. “Mortalin is regulated by APOE in hippocampus of AD patients and by human APOE in TR mice.” Neurobiol Aging 28, no. 12 (December 2007): 1853–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.08.011.Full Text Link to Item
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Manelli, Arlene M., Lindsey C. Bulfinch, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Mary Jo LaDu. “Abeta42 neurotoxicity in primary co-cultures: effect of apoE isoform and Abeta conformation.” Neurobiol Aging 28, no. 8 (August 2007): 1139–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.024.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, H., L. Durham, H. Dawson, P. Song, D. S. Warner, P. M. Sullivan, M. P. Vitek, and D. T. Laskowitz. “Corrigendum to "an apolipoprotein e-based therapeutic improves outcome and reduces alzheimer's disease pathology following closed head injury: Evidence of pharmacogenomic interaction". [Neuroscience 144 (2007) 1324-1333]{star, open} (DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.017).” Neuroscience 146, no. 2 (May 11, 2007): 874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.044.Full Text
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Mace, Brian E., Haichen Wang, John R. Lynch, Jason Moss, Patrick Sullivan, Heidi Colton, Kevin Morgan, Jean-Christophe Renauld, and Daniel T. Laskowitz. “Apolipoprotein E modifies the CNS response to injury via a histamine-mediated pathway.” Neurol Res 29, no. 3 (April 2007): 243–50. https://doi.org/10.1179/016164107X158974.Full Text Link to Item
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Mihovilovic, Mirta, Jennifer B. Robinette, Robert M. DeKroon, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Warren J. Strittmatter. “High-fat/high-cholesterol diet promotes a S1P receptor-mediated antiapoptotic activity for VLDL.” J Lipid Res 48, no. 4 (April 2007): 806–15. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M600201-JLR200.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, H., L. Durham, H. Dawson, P. Song, D. S. Warner, P. M. Sullivan, M. P. Vitek, and D. T. Laskowitz. “An apolipoprotein E-based therapeutic improves outcome and reduces Alzheimer's disease pathology following closed head injury: evidence of pharmacogenomic interaction.” Neuroscience 144, no. 4 (February 23, 2007): 1324–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.017.Full Text Link to Item
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Yun, Sung Hwan, Kyung A. Park, Sung Kwon, Catherine S. Woolley, Patrick M. Sullivan, Joseph F. Pasternak, and Barbara L. Trommer. “Estradiol enhances long term potentiation in hippocampal slices from aged apoE4-TR mice.” Hippocampus 17, no. 12 (2007): 1153–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.20357.Full Text Link to Item
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Yun, Sung Hwan, Georgi Gamkrelidze, W Blaine Stine, Patrick M. Sullivan, Joseph F. Pasternak, Mary Jo Ladu, and Barbara L. Trommer. “Amyloid-beta1-42 reduces neuronal excitability in mouse dentate gyrus.” Neurosci Lett 403, no. 1–2 (July 31, 2006): 162–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.04.065.Full Text Link to Item
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Blain, Jean-François, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Judes Poirier. “A deficit in astroglial organization causes the impaired reactive sprouting in human apolipoprotein E4 targeted replacement mice.” Neurobiol Dis 21, no. 3 (March 2006): 505–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2005.08.010.Full Text Link to Item
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Yun, Sung Hwan, Kyung A. Park, Patrick Sullivan, Joseph F. Pasternak, Mary Jo Ladu, and Barbara L. Trommer. “Blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suppresses hippocampal long-term potentiation in wild-type but not ApoE4 targeted replacement mice.” J Neurosci Res 82, no. 6 (December 15, 2005): 771–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20684.Full Text Link to Item
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Malek, G., L. V. Johnson, B. E. Mace, P. Saloupis, D. E. Schmechel, D. W. Rickman, C. A. Toth, P. M. Sullivan, and C. Bowes Rickman. “Apolipoprotein E allele-dependent pathogenesis: a model for age-related retinal degeneration.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, no. 33 (August 16, 2005): 11900–905. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503015102.Full Text Link to Item
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Fryer, John D., Ronald B. Demattos, Lynn M. McCormick, Mark A. O’Dell, Michael L. Spinner, Kelly R. Bales, Steven M. Paul, et al. “The low density lipoprotein receptor regulates the level of central nervous system human and murine apolipoprotein E but does not modify amyloid plaque pathology in PDAPP mice.” J Biol Chem 280, no. 27 (July 8, 2005): 25754–59. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M502143200.Full Text Link to Item
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Grootendorst, Jeannette, Alexandra Bour, Elise Vogel, Christian Kelche, Patrick M. Sullivan, Jean-Cosme Dodart, Kelly Bales, and Chantal Mathis. “Human apoE targeted replacement mouse lines: h-apoE4 and h-apoE3 mice differ on spatial memory performance and avoidance behavior.” Behav Brain Res 159, no. 1 (April 15, 2005): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2004.09.019.Full Text Link to Item
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Fryer, John D., Kelly Simmons, Maia Parsadanian, Kelly R. Bales, Steven M. Paul, Patrick M. Sullivan, and David M. Holtzman. “Human apolipoprotein E4 alters the amyloid-beta 40:42 ratio and promotes the formation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in an amyloid precursor protein transgenic model.” J Neurosci 25, no. 11 (March 16, 2005): 2803–10. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5170-04.2005.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, Chunsheng, Wilkie A. Wilson, Scott D. Moore, Brian E. Mace, Nobuyo Maeda, Donald E. Schmechel, and Patrick M. Sullivan. “Human apoE4-targeted replacement mice display synaptic deficits in the absence of neuropathology.” Neurobiol Dis 18, no. 2 (March 2005): 390–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2004.10.013.Full Text Link to Item
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Trommer, Barbara L., Chirag Shah, Sung Hwan Yun, Georgi Gamkrelidze, Emily S. Pasternak, W Blaine Stine, Arlene Manelli, Patrick Sullivan, Joseph F. Pasternak, and Mary Jo LaDu. “ApoE isoform-specific effects on LTP: blockade by oligomeric amyloid-beta1-42.” Neurobiol Dis 18, no. 1 (February 2005): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2004.08.011.Full Text Link to Item
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Morikawa, Masayuki, John D. Fryer, Patrick M. Sullivan, Erin A. Christopher, Suzanne E. Wahrle, Ronald B. DeMattos, Mark A. O’Dell, et al. “Production and characterization of astrocyte-derived human apolipoprotein E isoforms from immortalized astrocytes and their interactions with amyloid-beta.” Neurobiol Dis 19, no. 1–2 (2005): 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2004.11.005.Full Text Link to Item
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Trommer, Barbara L., Chirag Shah, Sung Hwan Yun, Georgi Gamkrelidze, Emily S. Pasternak, Gui Lan Ye, Michelle Sotak, Patrick M. Sullivan, Joseph F. Pasternak, and Mary Jo LaDu. “ApoE isoform affects LTP in human targeted replacement mice.” Neuroreport 15, no. 17 (December 3, 2004): 2655–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200412030-00020.Full Text Link to Item
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Sullivan, P. M., B. E. Mace, N. Maeda, and D. E. Schmechel. “Marked regional differences of brain human apolipoprotein E expression in targeted replacement mice.” Neuroscience 124, no. 4 (2004): 725–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.10.011.Full Text Link to Item
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Lynch, John R., Wen Tang, Haichen Wang, Michael P. Vitek, Ellen R. Bennett, Patrick M. Sullivan, David S. Warner, and Daniel T. Laskowitz. “APOE genotype and an ApoE-mimetic peptide modify the systemic and central nervous system inflammatory response.” J Biol Chem 278, no. 49 (December 5, 2003): 48529–33. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M306923200.Full Text Link to Item
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DeKroon, Robert M., Mirta Mihovilovic, Zoe V. Goodger, Jennifer B. Robinette, Patrick M. Sullivan, Ann M. Saunders, and Warren J. Strittmatter. “ApoE genotype-specific inhibition of apoptosis.” J Lipid Res 44, no. 8 (August 2003): 1566–73. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M300097-JLR200.Full Text Link to Item
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Hinsdale, Myron E., Patrick M. Sullivan, Hafid Mezdour, and Nobuyo Maeda. “ApoB-48 and apoB-100 differentially influence the expression of type-III hyperlipoproteinemia in APOE*2 mice.” J Lipid Res 43, no. 9 (September 2002): 1520–28. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.m200103-jlr200.Full Text Link to Item
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Brown, C. M., C. A. Colton, P. M. Sullivan, and M. P. Vitek. “Sexual dimorphism in apolipoprotein E isoform specific regulation of nitric oxide release in targeted replacement mice.” Neurobiology of Aging 23, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): S404–S404.Link to Item
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Brown, Candice M., Elizabeth Wright, Carol A. Colton, Patrick M. Sullivan, Daniel T. Laskowitz, and Michael P. Vitek. “Apolipoprotein E isoform mediated regulation of nitric oxide release.” Free Radic Biol Med 32, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 1071–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00803-1.Full Text Link to Item
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DeMattos, R. B., R. P. Brendza, J. E. Heuser, M. Kierson, J. R. Cirrito, J. Fryer, P. M. Sullivan, A. M. Fagan, X. Han, and D. M. Holtzman. “Purification and characterization of astrocyte-secreted apolipoprotein E and J-containing lipoproteins from wild-type and human apoE transgenic mice.” Neurochem Int 39, no. 5–6 (2001): 415–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00049-3.Full Text Link to Item
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Knouff, C., M. E. Hinsdale, H. Mezdour, M. K. Altenburg, M. Watanabe, S. H. Quarfordt, P. M. Sullivan, and N. Maeda. “Apo E structure determines VLDL clearance and atherosclerosis risk in mice.” J Clin Invest 103, no. 11 (June 1999): 1579–86. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI6172.Full Text Link to Item
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Sullivan, P. M., H. Mezdour, S. H. Quarfordt, and N. Maeda. “Type III hyperlipoproteinemia and spontaneous atherosclerosis in mice resulting from gene replacement of mouse Apoe with human Apoe*2.” J Clin Invest 102, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 130–35. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI2673.Full Text Link to Item
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Roses, A. D., J. Gilbert, P. T. Xu, P. Sullivan, B. Popko, D. S. Burkhart, T. Christian-Rothrock, A. M. Saunders, N. Maeda, and D. E. Schmechel. “Cis-acting human ApoE tissue expression element is associated with human pattern of intraneuronal ApoE in transgenic mice.” Neurobiol Aging 19, no. 1 Suppl (1998): S53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00030-x.Full Text Link to Item
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Roses, A. D., J. Gilbert, P. T. Xu, P. Sullivan, B. Popko, D. S. Burkhart, T. C. Rothrook, A. M. Saunders, N. Maeda, and D. F. Schmechel. “APOE and Alzheimer disease: Human susceptibility genes and appropriate transgenic models.” Brain Pathology 7, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 1033–36.
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Sullivan, P. M., H. Mezdour, Y. Aratani, C. Knouff, J. Najib, R. L. Reddick, S. H. Quarfordt, and N. Maeda. “Targeted replacement of the mouse apolipoprotein E gene with the common human APOE3 allele enhances diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.” J Biol Chem 272, no. 29 (July 18, 1997): 17972–80. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.29.17972.Full Text Link to Item
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Joseph, D. R., D. A. O’Brien, P. M. Sullivan, M. Becchis, J. K. Tsuruta, and P. Petrusz. “Overexpression of androgen-binding protein/sex hormone-binding globulin in male transgenic mice: tissue distribution and phenotypic disorders.” Biol Reprod 56, no. 1 (January 1997): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod56.1.21.Full Text Link to Item
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Becchis, M., P. M. Sullivan, P. Ordronneau, P. Petrusz, and D. R. Joseph. “Distribution of immunoreactive androgen-binding protein/sex hormone-binding globulin in tissues of the fetal rat.” Steroids 61, no. 7 (July 1996): 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-128x(96)00049-9.Full Text Link to Item
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Xu, P. T., D. Schmechel, T. Rothrock-Christian, D. S. Burkhart, H. L. Qiu, B. Popko, P. Sullivan, et al. “Human apolipoprotein E2, E3, and E4 isoform-specific transgenic mice: human-like pattern of glial and neuronal immunoreactivity in central nervous system not observed in wild-type mice.” Neurobiol Dis 3, no. 3 (1996): 229–45. https://doi.org/10.1006/nbdi.1996.0023.Full Text Link to Item
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Joseph, D. R., D. R. Wang Yan Min, and P. M. Sullivan. “Characterization and sex steroid hormone regulation of multiple alternate androgen-binding protein/sex hormone-binding globulin RNA transcripts in rat brain.” Endocrine 2, no. 8 (January 1, 1994): 749–58.
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Reventos, J., P. M. Sullivan, D. R. Joseph, and J. W. Gordon. “Tissue-specific expression of the rat androgen-binding protein/sex hormone-binding globulin gene in transgenic mice.” Mol Cell Endocrinol 96, no. 1–2 (October 1993): 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(93)90096-3.Full Text Link to Item
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Sullivan, P. M., Y. M. Wang, and D. R. Joseph. “Identification of an alternate promoter in the rat androgen-binding protein/sex hormone-binding globulin gene that regulates synthesis of a messenger RNA encoding a protein with altered function.” Mol Endocrinol 7, no. 5 (May 1993): 702–15. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.7.5.7686253.Full Text Link to Item
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Sullivan, P. M., P. Petrusz, C. Szpirer, and D. R. Joseph. “Alternative processing of androgen-binding protein RNA transcripts in fetal rat liver. Identification of a transcript formed by trans splicing.” J Biol Chem 266, no. 1 (January 5, 1991): 143–54.Link to Item
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Joseph, D. R., P. M. Sullivan, Y. M. Wang, D. E. Millhorn, and D. M. Bayliss. “Complex structure and regulation of the ABP/SHBG gene.” J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 40, no. 4–6 (1991): 771–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0760(91)90302-l.Full Text Link to Item
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Joseph, D. R., P. M. Sullivan, P. M. Yan-Min Wang, C. Kozak, D. A. Fenstermacher, M. E. Behrendsen, and C. A. Zahnow. “Erratum: Characterization and expression of the complementary DNA encoding rat histidine decarboxylase (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1990) 87 (733-737)).” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87, no. 18 (January 1, 1990): 7346. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.18.7346.Full Text
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Joseph, D. R., P. M. Sullivan, Y. M. Wang, C. Kozak, D. A. Fenstermacher, M. E. Behrendsen, and C. A. Zahnow. “Characterization and expression of the complementary DNA encoding rat histidine decarboxylase.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87, no. 2 (January 1990): 733–37. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.2.733.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, Y. M., P. M. Sullivan, P. Petrusz, W. Yarbrough, and D. R. Joseph. “The androgen-binding protein gene is expressed in CD1 mouse testis.” Mol Cell Endocrinol 63, no. 1–2 (May 1989): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(89)90084-1.Full Text Link to Item
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Lubahn, D. B., D. R. Joseph, P. M. Sullivan, H. F. Willard, F. S. French, and E. M. Wilson. “Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome.” Science 240, no. 4850 (April 15, 1988): 327–30. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3353727.Full Text Link to Item
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Book Sections
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Malek, Goldis, Brian Mace, Peter Saloupis, Donald Schmechel, Dennis Rickman, Patrick Sullivan, and Catherine Bowes Rickman. “Initial observations of key features of age-related macular degeneration in APOE targeted replacement mice.,” 572:109–17, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32442-9_17.Full Text Link to Item
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Conference Papers
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Davis, Albert A., Casey E. Inman, Zachary M. Wargel, Umber Dube, Brittany M. Freeberg, Alexander Galluppi, Jessica N. Haines, et al. “APOE Genotype Regulates Pathology and Disease Progression in Synucleinopathy.” In Annals of Neurology, 88:S171–S171, 2020.Link to Item
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Davis, Albert A., Casey E. Inman, Zachary M. Wargel, Umber Dube, Brittany M. Freeberg, Alexander Galluppi, Jessica N. Haines, et al. “APOE Genotype Regulates Pathology and Disease Progression in Synucleinopathy.” In Annals of Neurology, 88:S197–S197, 2020.Link to Item
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Davis, Albert A., Casey E. Inman, Zachary M. Wargel, Alexander Galluppi, Brittany Freeberg, Jason D. Ulrich, Dhruva Dhavale, et al. “APOE Genotype Regulates Pathology and Survival in Mouse Models of Alpha-Synucleinopathy.” In Annals of Neurology, 86:S177–78. WILEY, 2019.Link to Item
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Walsh, M. M., G. Malek, P. Saloupis, P. M. Sullivan, B. Mace, D. E. Schmechel, C. B. Rickman, and D. W. Rickman. “Apolipoprotein (APOE) allelic expression, advanced age, and diet contribute to atrophic degenerative changes in retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve in a mouse model: Predictors of severity of glaucoma?” In Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Vol. 46. ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2005.Link to Item
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Blain, Jean-Francois, Patrick M. Sullivan, and Judes Poirier. “P2-085 Response to brain injury in human apolipoprotein E targeted replacement mice is genotype-specific.” In Neurobiology of Aging, 25:S248–S248. Elsevier BV, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(04)80832-7.Full Text
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Murphy, Greer M., Olivera M. Mitrasinovic, and Patrick M. Sullivan. “P2-293 Microarray comparison of gene expression in the hippocampus of aged apoE E3 and E4 transgenic mice.” In Neurobiology of Aging, 25:S316–S316. Elsevier BV, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(04)81038-8.Full Text
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Sullivan, Patrick M., Brian Mace, Mike Thomas, and Donald Schmechel. “P2-298 Effects of a high fat diet on brain lipid levels in human apoE targeted replacement mice.” In Neurobiology of Aging, 25:S317–18. Elsevier BV, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(04)81043-1.Full Text
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Malek, G., P. M. Sullivan, B. E. Mace, D. Schmechel, and C. B. Rickman. “Effect of diet and targeted replacement human APOE isoforms in aged mice.” In Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 44:U405–U405. ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2003.Link to Item
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Rickman, C. B., P. M. Sullivan, B. E. Mace, and D. W. Rickman. “Targeted replacement of human ApoE Isoforms in aged mice: Risk factors for retinal degeneration?” In Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 43:U151–U151. ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2002.Link to Item
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