Patrick Georgoff

Journal Article J Surg Educ · April 2025 OBJECTIVE: Previous simulation curricula of nontechnical skills have focused on communication skills or empathy in isolation from technical skills, using feedback from one rater. We aimed to develop and pilot an expanded simulation curriculum focused on si ... Full text Link to item Cite

Colorectal Emergencies.

Journal Article Clin Colon Rectal Surg · November 2024 Full text Link to item Cite

Mind the GAHP: A novel protocol for improved vascular access in the hypotensive patient.

Journal Article Resusc Plus · September 2024 BACKGROUND: Obtaining intravenous access in hypotensive patients is challenging and may critically delay resuscitation. The Graduated Vascular Access for Hypotensive Patient (GAHP) protocol leverages intraosseous fluid boluses to specifically dilate proxim ... Full text Link to item Cite

Roles, Responsibilities, and Expectations of Medical Students on Surgical Subinternships: A Modified Delphi Consensus Study.

Journal Article Acad Med · August 1, 2024 PURPOSE: Surgical subinternships are important rotations for students preparing for a career in general surgery; however, these rotations often vary by institution and service. This modified Delphi study was conducted to reach a consensus set of roles, res ... Full text Link to item Cite

Minimally invasive management of thoracic trauma: current evidence and guidelines.

Journal Article Trauma Surg Acute Care Open · 2024 Minimally invasive procedures are being increasingly proposed for trauma. Injuries to the chest wall and/or lung have historically been managed by drainage with a large bore thoracostomy tube, while cardiac injuries have mandated sternotomy. These treatmen ... Full text Link to item Cite

OpTrust: An Effective Educational Bundle for Enhancing Faculty-resident Intraoperative Entrustment.

Journal Article Ann Surg · June 1, 2021 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the efficacy of a novel faculty and resident educational bundle focused on development of faculty-resident behaviors and entrustment in the operating room. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: As surgical training en ... Full text Link to item Cite

Greater faculty familiarity with residents improves intraoperative entrustment.

Journal Article Am J Surg · April 2020 BACKGROUND: Longitudinal contact between faculty and residents facilitates greater faculty entrustment. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between faculty familiarity with residents and faculty entrustment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Resea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alignment of Personality Is Associated With Increased Intraoperative Entrustment.

Journal Article Ann Surg · December 2019 OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between intraoperative entrustment and personality alignment. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: For surgical residents, achieving operative autonomy has become increasingly difficult. The impact of faculty-resident operative ... Full text Link to item Cite

The 'Omics' of Epigenetic Modulation by Valproic Acid Treatment in Traumatic Brain Injury-What We Know and What the Future Holds.

Journal Article Proteomics Clin Appl · November 2019 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous injury that is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epigenetic modulation through the alteration of cellular acetylation by valproic acid (VPA) administration has shown promise as a novel pharm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Four-extremity amputation following disseminated intravascular coagulation and purpura fulminans.

Journal Article BMJ Case Rep · March 20, 2019 Purpura fulminans (PF) is a rare but serious complication of septic shock in adults. The complex disease course makes it challenging to manage the condition. Here, we present the case of a healthy young woman who presented with sepsis and new-onset erythem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bridging the gap: The intersection of entrustability and perceived autonomy for surgical residents in the OR.

Journal Article Am J Surg · February 2019 BACKGROUND: Faculty entrustment decisions affect resident entrustability behaviors and surgical autonomy. The relationship between entrustability and autonomy is not well understood. This pilot study explores that relationship. METHODS: 108 case observatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of a resident's sex on intraoperative entrustment of surgery trainees.

Journal Article Surgery · September 2018 BACKGROUND: Optimizing intraoperative education is critical for development of autonomous residents. Faculty decisions concerning intraoperative entrustment determine the degree to which a resident gains intraoperative responsibility. Accordingly, resident ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid valproic acid-induced modulation of the traumatic proteome in a porcine model of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock.

Journal Article J Surg Res · August 2018 BACKGROUND: Histone deacetylase inhibitors such as valproic acid (VPA) improve survival in lethal models of hemorrhagic shock and polytrauma. Although VPA is known to modulate transcription, its ability to reduce mortality within minutes of administration ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improving the feasibility and utility of OpTrust-A tool assessing intraoperative entrustment.

Journal Article Am J Surg · July 2018 BACKGROUND: Changes in the surgical training landscape have sparked an interest in developing new educational models anchored on entrustment assessment. We sought to optimize the validated OpTrust entrustment assessment tool by comparing ratings from short ... Full text Link to item Cite

Valproic acid induces prosurvival transcriptomic changes in swine subjected to traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock.

Journal Article J Trauma Acute Care Surg · April 2018 BACKGROUND: Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that improves outcomes in large animal models of trauma. However, its protective mechanism of action is not completely understood. We sought to characterize the genetic changes induced by V ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transcriptomic changes following valproic acid treatment promote neurogenesis and minimize secondary brain injury.

Conference J Trauma Acute Care Surg · March 2018 BACKGROUND: Early treatment with valproic acid (VPA) has demonstrated benefit in preclinical models of traumatic brain injury, including smaller brain lesion size, decreased edema, reduced neurologic disability, and faster recovery. Mechanisms underlying t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluating the performance of the Minute Feedback System: A web-based feedback tool for medical students.

Journal Article Am J Surg · February 2018 BACKGROUND: Medical students often report dissatisfaction with the feedback they receive on their clerkships. This study evaluates the performance of the Minute Feedback System (MFS), a web-based tool designed to facilitate medical student acquisition of s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and Tolerability of Intravenous Valproic Acid in Healthy Subjects: A Phase I Dose-Escalation Trial.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacokinet · February 2018 BACKGROUND: Valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has beneficial effects in the setting of cancer, neurologic diseases, and traumatic injuries. In animal models of traumatic injury, a single dose of valproic acid has been shown to reduce mortalit ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Effects of Feedback Fatigue and Sex Disparities in Medical Student Feedback Assessed Using a Minute Feedback System.

Journal Article J Surg Educ · 2018 OBJECTIVE: Feedback is critical to the development of medical students. To enhance feedback, we created a web application, the Minute Feedback System (MFS). This app allows students to request precise, timely, written feedback from residents and staff with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improvement of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock Following Treatment With Valproic Acid and Fresh Frozen Plasma.

Journal Article Crit Care Med · January 2018 OBJECTIVE: Combined traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock are highly lethal. Following injuries, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier can be impaired, contributing to secondary brain insults. The status of the blood-brain barrier represents a po ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of disposition and drug-drug interactions for valproic acid and divalproex.

Journal Article Eur J Pharm Sci · January 1, 2018 Valproic acid (VPA) is an older first-line antiepileptic drug with a complex pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, currently under investigation for several novel neurologic and non-neurologic indications. Our study objective was to design and validate a mechanist ... Full text Link to item Cite

The association of venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis timing on venous thromboembolism after major vascular surgery.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · January 2018 OBJECTIVE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is reported to occur in up to 33% of patients undergoing major vascular surgery. Despite this high incidence, patients inconsistently receive timely VTE chemoprophylaxis. The true incidence of VTE among patients rece ... Full text Link to item Cite

Valproic acid decreases brain lesion size and improves neurologic recovery in swine subjected to traumatic brain injury, hemorrhagic shock, and polytrauma.

Conference J Trauma Acute Care Surg · December 2017 BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that treatment with valproic acid (VPA) decreases brain lesion size in swine models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and controlled hemorrhage. To translate this treatment into clinical practice, validation of drug effic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of clinical feedback given to medical students via an electronic feedback system.

Journal Article J Surg Res · October 2017 BACKGROUND: The feedback medical students receive during clinical rotations, traditionally verbal and not formally captured, plays a critical role in student development. This study evaluates written daily feedback given to students through a novel web-bas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Valproic acid modulates platelet and coagulation function ex vivo.

Journal Article Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis · September 2017 : Trauma-induced coagulopathy is associated with adverse patient outcome. Animal models demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as valproic acid (VPA), improve survival following injury. While in-vivo data suggest that improved survival may i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lung Protective Effects of Low-Volume Resuscitation and Pharmacologic Treatment of Swine Subjected to Polytrauma and Hemorrhagic Shock.

Journal Article Inflammation · August 2017 Hemorrhage is a common cause of death in the battlefield. Valproic acid (VPA) has been associated with improved outcomes in multiple models of trauma, when combined with isotonic fluid resuscitation. However, isotonic fluid administered in this setting is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Network Reconstruction Reveals that Valproic Acid Activates Neurogenic Transcriptional Programs in Adult Brain Following Traumatic Injury.

Journal Article Pharm Res · August 2017 OBJECTIVES: To determine the mechanism of action of valproic acid (VPA) in the adult central nervous system (CNS) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS: Data were analyzed from different sources, including experiments i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Resuscitation with Lyophilized Plasma Is Safe and Improves Neurological Recovery in a Long-Term Survival Model of Swine Subjected to Traumatic Brain Injury, Hemorrhagic Shock, and Polytrauma.

Journal Article J Neurotrauma · July 1, 2017 We have shown previously that fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and lyophilized plasma (LP) decrease brain lesion size and improve neurological recovery in a swine model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS). In this study, we examine whether ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mining the topography and dynamics of the 4D Nucleome to identify novel CNS drug pathways.

Journal Article Methods · July 1, 2017 The pharmacoepigenome can be defined as the active, noncoding province of the genome including canonical spatial and temporal regulatory mechanisms of gene regulation that respond to xenobiotic stimuli. Many psychotropic drugs that have been in clinical us ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early resuscitation with lyophilized plasma provides equal neuroprotection compared with fresh frozen plasma in a large animal survival model of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock.

Journal Article J Trauma Acute Care Surg · December 2016 BACKGROUND: Combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) is highly lethal. In previous models of combined TBI + HS, we showed that early resuscitation with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) improves neurologic outcomes. Delivering FFP, however, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alterations in the human proteome following administration of valproic acid.

Journal Article J Trauma Acute Care Surg · December 2016 BACKGROUND: High doses of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA, 150-400 mg/kg) improve outcomes in animal models of lethal insults. We are conducting a US Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 restores intestinal tight junction in hemorrhagic shock.

Journal Article J Trauma Acute Care Surg · September 2016 BACKGROUND: We recently discovered that Tubastatin-A, a histone deacetylase (HDAC6) inhibitor, can improve survival in a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock (HS), but mechanisms remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated whether Tubastatin-A could ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 restores innate immune cells in the bone marrow in a lethal septic model.

Conference J Trauma Acute Care Surg · January 2016 BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that Tubastatin A, a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), improves survival and increases circulating monocyte count and bacterial clearance in a lethal model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Creating a "Prosurvival Phenotype" Through Histone Deacetylase Inhibition: Past, Present, and Future.

Journal Article Shock · August 2015 Traumatic injuries and their sequelae represent a major source of mortality in the United States and globally. Initial treatment for shock, traumatic brain injury, and polytrauma is limited to resuscitation fluids to replace lost volume. To date, there are ... Full text Link to item Cite

Colonic injuries and the damage control abdomen: does management strategy matter?

Journal Article J Surg Res · May 2013 BACKGROUND: The optimal management of colon injury patients requiring damage control laparotomy (DCL) is controversial. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of colonic resection and anastomosis versus fecal diversion in trauma patients requ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hydrogen-1 MR spectroscopy for measurement and diagnosis of hepatic steatosis.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · July 2012 OBJECTIVE: Hydrogen-1 MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) is gaining acceptance as a noninvasive technique for assessment of hepatic steatosis, and the findings have been found to correlate closely with histopathologic grade. The aims of this study were to validate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multivessel intralobar pulmonary sequestration

Journal Article Annals of Thoracic Surgery · January 1, 2012 Full text Cite

Reduced brain tissue oxygen in traumatic brain injury: are most commonly used interventions successful?

Journal Article J Trauma · March 2011 BACKGROUND: Brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2)-guided management facilitates treatment of reduced PbtO2 episodes potentially conferring survival and outcome advantages in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). To date, the nature and effectiveness of commonly ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased prevalence of albuminuria in HIV-infected adults with diabetes.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2011 OBJECTIVE: HIV and type 2 diabetes are known risk factors for albuminuria, but no previous reports have characterized albuminuria in HIV-infected patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study including 73 HIV-inf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decompressive hemicraniectomy for pediatric traumatic brain injury: long-term outcome based on quality of life.

Journal Article Pediatr Neurosurg · 2011 AIMS: The impact of decompressive hemicraniectomy (DCH) on the overall outcome of pediatric brain injury patients has not been fully determined. In this paper, the authors performed a systematic review of patient outcome based on quality of life following ... Full text Link to item Cite

150 years of treating severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of progress in mortality.

Journal Article J Neurotrauma · July 2010 Considerable effort and resources have been devoted to preserving life in patients with severe closed traumatic brain injury (TBI). We sought to identify temporal trends in mortality rates of these patients from the late 1800s to the present. We searched t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of aggressive monitoring and treatment to improved outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury.

Journal Article J Neurosurg · May 2010 OBJECT: Despite being common practice for decades and being recommended by national guidelines, aggressive monitoring and treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been supported by convincing evidence. METHODS: The authors re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Geographic variation in outcomes from severe traumatic brain injury.

Journal Article World Neurosurg · 2010 BACKGROUND: Recent reports have documented a wide range of outcomes after treatment of severe traumatic brain injury at trauma centers throughout the world. METHODS: In an effort to test the contribution of geography to treatment outcome, we compared case ... Full text Link to item Cite

A1C underestimates glycemia in HIV infection.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · September 2009 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between A1C and glycemia in HIV infection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We completed a prospective cross-sectional study of 100 HIV-infected adults with type 2 diabetes (77%) or fasti ... Full text Link to item Cite