Patrick D. Wolf | Scholars@Duke

Patrick D. Wolf
Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering

My research is primarily in the area of advanced instrumentation for diagnosis and treatment of electrophysiological problems. This research covers two primary organ systems: the heart and the brain.

One thrust of the cardiac-based work is centered on atrial fibrillation and in particular on very low energy atrial defibrillation strategies. The goal is to produce a device that can defibrillate the atria with a painless series of electrical impulses. A second area of interest is the study of the biophysics of radio frequency ablation of the heart. A third avenue of research in the cardiac area is the development of new instruments and techniques for tracking interventional devices within the body without the use of ionizing radiation. These devices primarily rely on ultrasound technology. There is a strong collaborative effort in this area with the Duke Ultrasound group in the Department of Biomedical Engineering. The long term goal of this work is to develop technology to deliver image-guided therapy to target tissues in the heart and other organs.

In neuroengineering, we are currently developing a "brainchip" that would telemeter information recorded directly from neurons in the brain to a remote device. This IC based technology is being developed for application in neuro-prosthetic or brain controlled devices. There is a close collaboration on this project between our lab and the laboratory of Dr. Miguel Nicolelis the Department of Neurobiology. We are also developing advanced neural recoding systems to use on unrestrained, untethered animals as they learn to perform certain tasks.

Current Research Interests

Advanced instrumentation for diagnosis and treatment of electrophysiological problems. This research covers two primary organ systems: the heart and the brain. In the heart, Dr. Wolf is developing an image guided ablation system for treatment of arrhythmias. In the brain, he is developing a fully implantable Brain-Machine interface.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2001

Contact Information

Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708-0281
Rm. 276, Hudson Annex, Durham, NC 27708
patrick.wolf@duke.edu (919) 660-5114
Wolf Lab Website

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Duke University 1992
Duke Appointment History
- Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1994 - 2000
- Assistant Research Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1992 - 1994
Research
Selected Grants
- Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Imaging of Cardiac Tissue awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2020
- Training in Medical Imaging awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2019
- Multiscale Modeling of Clotting Risk in Atrial Fibrillation awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2018 - 2019
- Enhanced Design Experiences for Duke BME Students awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2017
- Clinical Evaluation of an Ultrasound Based Imaging System for Guiding Cardiac Ablation awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2016
- Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Imaging of Cardiac Tissue awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2014
- 3D Ultrasound Guidance of Interventional Devices awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2014
- Ultrasound Based Multimodal Imaging System for Guiding Cardiac Ablation Therapy awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2011
- Reduction and Telemetry of Neural Data for an Implantable Data Acquisition System awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2009
- Neural Signal Acquisition System 2006 - 2007
- Minority Predoctoral Fellowship Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006
- Very Low Energy Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2005
- Brain-Machine Interfaces for Monitoring and Modeling Sensorimotor... awarded by National Science Foundation 1999 - 2004
- Development Of Hybrid Brain-Machine Technology For Real-Ti awarded by Office of Naval Research 1998 - 2002
- Cardiac Mapping Of Ventricular Defibrillation awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1994
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Vejdani-Jahromi, Maryam, Jenna Freedman, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Measuring Intraventricular Pressure Using Ultrasound Elastography..” Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 38, no. 5 (May 2019): 1167–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.14795.
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  - Vejdani-Jahromi, Maryam, Jenna Freedman, Young-Joong Kim, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Assessment of Diastolic Function Using Ultrasound Elastography..” Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 44, no. 3 (March 2018): 551–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.11.011.
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  - Hollender, Peter, Lily Kuo, Virginia Chen, Stephanie Eyerly, Patrick Wolf, and Gregg Trahey. “Scanned 3-D Intracardiac ARFI and SWEI for Imaging Radio-Frequency Ablation Lesions..” Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 64, no. 7 (July 2017): 1034–44. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2017.2692558.
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  - Vejdani-Jahromi, Maryam, Jenna Freedman, Matthew Nagle, Young-Joong Kim, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Quantifying Myocardial Contractility Changes Using Ultrasound-Based Shear Wave Elastography..” Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.10.004.
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  - Vejdani-Jahromi, Maryam, Mathew Nagle, Yang Jiang, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “A Comparison of Acoustic Radiation Force-Derived Indices of Cardiac Function in the Langendorff Perfused Rabbit Heart..” Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 63, no. 9 (September 2016): 1288–95. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2543026.
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  - Eyerly, Stephanie A., Maryam Vejdani-Jahromi, Douglas M. Dumont, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “The Evolution of Tissue Stiffness at Radiofrequency Ablation Sites During Lesion Formation and in the Peri-Ablation Period..” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 26, no. 9 (September 2015): 1009–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12709.
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  - Vejdani-Jahromi, Maryam, Matt Nagle, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Ultrasound shear wave elasticity imaging quantifies coronary perfusion pressure effect on cardiac compliance..” Ieee Transactions on Medical Imaging 34, no. 2 (February 2015): 465–73. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2014.2360835.
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  - Bahnson, Tristram D., Stephanie A. Eyerly, Peter J. Hollender, Joshua R. Doherty, Young-Joong Kim, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Feasibility of near real-time lesion assessment during radiofrequency catheter ablation in humans using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging..” J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 25, no. 12 (December 2014): 1275–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12514.
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  - Smith, Stephen W., Paul Gardea, Vivek Patel, Stephen J. Douglas, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Double Ring Array Catheter for In Vivo Real-Time 3D Ultrasound..” Ultrasonic Imaging 36, no. 3 (July 2014): 167–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0161734614523738.
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  - Byram, Brett, Han Kim, Lowie Van Assche, Patrick D. Wolf, and Gregg E. Trahey. “The feasibility of myocardial infarct visualization using atrial kick induced strain (AKIS) contrast..” Ultrasound Med Biol 40, no. 6 (June 2014): 1104–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.022.
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  - Eyerly, Stephanie A., Tristram D. Bahnson, Jason I. Koontz, David P. Bradway, Douglas M. Dumont, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Contrast in intracardiac acoustic radiation force impulse images of radiofrequency ablation lesions..” Ultrason Imaging 36, no. 2 (April 2014): 133–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0161734613519602.
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  - Dumont, D., M. Palmeri, S. Eyerly, P. Wolf, and B. Byram. “Feasibility of using a generalized-Gaussian Markov random field prior for Bayesian speckle tracking of small displacements.” Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, January 1, 2014, 1845–48. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0458.
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  - Jochum, Thomas, Susannah Engdahl, Brad J. Kolls, and Patrick Wolf. “Implanted electrodes for multi-month EEG..” Conf Proc Ieee Eng Med Biol Soc 2014 (2014): 6543–48. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2014.6945127.
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  - Byram, B., L. Oliveri, P. Wolf, and G. Trahey. “Acute and chronic myocardial infarct differentiation using atrial kick induced strain (AKIS) imaging.” Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, December 1, 2013, 104–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2013.0027.
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  - Hollender, P., S. Rosenzweig, S. Eyerly, P. Wolf, and G. Trahey. “Three-dimensional fusion of Shear Wave Imaging and electro-anatomical mapping for intracardiac radiofrequency ablation monitoring.” Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, December 1, 2013, 108–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2013.0028.
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  - Hollender, Peter, David Bradway, Patrick Wolf, Robi Goswami, and Gregg Trahey. “Intracardiac acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) and shear wave imaging in pigs with focal infarctions..” Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 60, no. 8 (August 2013): 1669–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2749.
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  - Eyerly, Stephanie A., Douglas M. Dumont, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “In vitro monitoring of the dynamic elasticity changes during radiofrequency ablation with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging..” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 24, no. 4 (April 2013): 472–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12008.
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  - Eyerly, Stephanie A., Tristram D. Bahnson, Jason I. Koontz, David P. Bradway, Douglas M. Dumont, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Intracardiac acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: a novel imaging method for intraprocedural evaluation of radiofrequency ablation lesions..” Heart Rhythm 9, no. 11 (November 2012): 1855–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.07.003.
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  - Hollender, Peter J., Patrick D. Wolf, Robi Goswami, and Gregg E. Trahey. “Intracardiac echocardiography measurement of dynamic myocardial stiffness with shear wave velocimetry..” Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 38, no. 7 (July 2012): 1271–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.02.028.
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  - Hsu, Stephen J., Brett C. Byram, Richard R. Bouchard, Douglas M. Dumont, Patrick D. Wolf, and Gregg E. Trahey. “Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of mechanical stiffness propagation in myocardial tissue..” Ultrasonic Imaging 34, no. 3 (July 2012): 142–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0161734612456580.
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  - Hollender, P., P. Wolf, and G. Trahey. “Intracardiac shear wave velocimetry using Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) excitations: In vivo results.” Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, December 1, 2011, 21–24. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2011.0006.
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  - Herickhoff, Carl D., Christy M. Wilson, Gerald A. Grant, Gavin W. Britz, Edward D. Light, Mark L. Palmeri, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. “Dual-mode IVUS transducer for image-guided brain therapy: preliminary experiments..” Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 37, no. 10 (October 2011): 1667–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.06.017.
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  - Castoro, Mark A., Paul B. Yoo, Juan G. Hincapie, Jason J. Hamann, Stephen B. Ruble, Patrick D. Wolf, and Warren M. Grill. “Excitation properties of the right cervical vagus nerve in adult dogs..” Experimental Neurology 227, no. 1 (January 2011): 62–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.09.011.
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  - Shephard, Clarissa, Thomas Jochum, Zachary Abzug, and Patrick Wolf. “Planar saline bath phantom of the Rush head model..” Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference 2011 (January 2011): 7266–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091836.
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  - Yoo, Paul B., Juan G. Hincapie, Jason J. Hamann, Stephen B. Ruble, Patrick D. Wolf, and Warren M. Grill. “Selective control of physiological responses by temporally-patterned electrical stimulation of the canine vagus nerve..” Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference 2011 (January 2011): 3107–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090848.
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  - Herickhoff, C. D., P. D. Wolf, S. W. Smith, G. A. Grant, G. W. Britz, and C. M. Wilson. “Intracranial dual-mode IVUS transducer for image-guided brain therapypreliminary experiments.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, December 1, 2010, 1502–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935594.
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  - Hollender, P., R. Bouchard, S. Hsu, D. Bradway, P. Wolf, and G. Trahey. “Intracardiac measurements of elasticity using Acoustic Radiation ForceImpulse (ARFI) methods: Temporal and spatial stability of shear wave velocimetry.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, December 1, 2010, 682–85. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935946.
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  - Lieu, V., E. D. Light, P. Suhocki, P. D. Wolf, and S. W. Smith. “Ring array transducers for real-time 3D ultrasound guidance of prostheticheart valve deployment.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, December 1, 2010, 774–77. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935894.
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  - Eyerly, Stephanie A., Stephen J. Hsu, Shruti H. Agashe, Gregg E. Trahey, Yang Li, and Patrick D. Wolf. “An in vitro assessment of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for visualizing cardiac radiofrequency ablation lesions..” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 21, no. 5 (May 2010): 557–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2009.01664.x.
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  - Herickhoff, C. D., E. D. Light, P. D. Wolf, S. W. Smith, G. A. Grant, and G. W. Britz. “Dual-mode intracranial catheters for minimally-invasive neuro-oncology feasibility study.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, December 1, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2009.5441798.
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  - Hsu, S. J., R. R. Bouchard, D. M. Dumont, P. D. Wolf, and G. E. Trahey. “On the characterization of left ventricular function with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, December 1, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2009.5441672.
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  - Trahey, G. E., J. J. Dahl, S. J. Hsu, D. M. Dumont, R. R. Bouchard, S. A. Eyerly, and P. D. Wolf. “Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of cardiac tissue.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, December 1, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2009.5441931.
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  - Rizk, Michael, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Optimizing the automatic selection of spike detection thresholds using a multiple of the noise level..” Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 47, no. 9 (September 2009): 955–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0451-2.
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  - Herickhoff, C. D., E. D. Light, K. F. Bing, S. Mukundan, G. A. Grant, P. D. Wolf, E. Dixon-Tulloch, T. Shih, S. J. Hsu, and S. W. Smith. “Intracranial catheter for integrated 3D ultrasound imaging & hyperthermia: Feasibility study.” Aip Conference Proceedings 1113 (July 21, 2009): 342–46. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3131444.
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  - Bouchard, Richard R., Stephen J. Hsu, Patrick D. Wolf, and Gregg E. Trahey. “In vivo cardiac, acoustic-radiation-force-driven, shear wave velocimetry..” Ultrasonic Imaging 31, no. 3 (July 2009): 201–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/016173460903100305.
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  - Hsu, Stephen J., Richard R. Bouchard, Douglas M. Dumont, Cheng W. Ong, Patrick D. Wolf, and Gregg E. Trahey. “Novel acoustic radiation force impulse imaging methods for visualization of rapidly moving tissue..” Ultrasonic Imaging 31, no. 3 (July 2009): 183–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/016173460903100304.
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  - Bouchard, R. R., P. D. Wolf, S. J. Hsu, D. M. Dumont, and G. E. Trahey. “Acoustic radiation force-induced shear wave propagation in cardiac tissue.” Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie 7265 (June 19, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.813734.
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  - Herickhoff, Carl D., Edward D. Light, Kristin F. Bing, Srinivasan Mukundan, Gerald A. Grant, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. “Dual-mode intracranial catheter integrating 3D ultrasound imaging and hyperthermia for neuro-oncology: feasibility study..” Ultrasonic Imaging 31, no. 2 (April 2009): 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/016173460903100201.
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  - Rizk, Michael, Chad A. Bossetti, Thomas A. Jochum, Stephen H. Callender, Miguel A. L. Nicolelis, Dennis A. Turner, and Patrick D. Wolf. “A fully implantable 96-channel neural data acquisition system..” J Neural Eng 6, no. 2 (April 2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/6/2/026002.
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  - Jochum, Thomas, Timothy Denison, and Patrick Wolf. “Integrated circuit amplifiers for multi-electrode intracortical recording..” Journal of Neural Engineering 6, no. 1 (February 2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/6/1/012001.
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  - Fronheiser, Matthew P., Salim F. Idriss, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. “Vibrating interventional device detection using real-time 3-D color Doppler..” Ieee Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 55, no. 6 (2008): 1355–62. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2008.798.
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  - Fronheiser, M. P., S. F. Idriss, P. D. Wolf, and S. W. Smith. “Vibrating interventional device detection using real-time 3D color doppler.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, December 1, 2007, 868–71. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.222.
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  - Herickhoff, C. D., E. D. Light, S. Mukundan, P. D. Wolf, E. Dixon-Tulloch, T. Shih, S. J. Hsu, and S. W. Smith. “Intracranial catheter for integrated 3D ultrasound imaging & hyperthermia: Feasibility study.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, December 1, 2007, 208–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.63.
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  - Hsu, S. J., J. L. Hubert, P. D. Wolf, and G. E. Trahey. “Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of mechanical stiffness propagation within myocardial tissue.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, December 1, 2007, 864–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.221.
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  - Arora, H., N. Klemmer, T. Jochum, and P. Wolf. “Phase-noise driven system design of fractional-N frequency synthesizers and validation with measured results.” Proceedings Ieee Computer Society Annual Symposium on Vlsi: Emerging Vlsi Technologies and Architectures, November 28, 2007, 133–38. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2007.82.
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  - Hsu, Stephen J., Richard R. Bouchard, Douglas M. Dumont, Patrick D. Wolf, and Gregg E. Trahey. “In vivo assessment of myocardial stiffness with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging..” Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 33, no. 11 (November 2007): 1706–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.05.009.
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  - Arora, H., N. Klemmer, and P. Wolf. “A 900 MHz ISM band mash-12 fractional-n frequency synthesizer for 5-Mbps data transmission.” Proceedings of the Acm Great Lakes Symposium on Vlsi, Glsvlsi, October 1, 2007, 381–86. https://doi.org/10.1145/1228784.1228875.
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  - Arora, H., N. Klemmer, T. Jochum, and P. Wolf. “Design methodology and CAD tools for prototyping delta-sigma fractional-N frequency synthesizers.” Proceedings of the International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping, September 25, 2007, 150–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/RSP.2007.20.
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  - Rizk, Michael, Iyad Obeid, Stephen H. Callender, and Patrick D. Wolf. “A single-chip signal processing and telemetry engine for an implantable 96-channel neural data acquisition system..” Journal of Neural Engineering 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 309–21. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/4/3/016.
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  - Won, D. S., P. H. Tiesinga, C. S. Henriquez, and P. D. Wolf. “An analytical comparison of the information in sorted and non-sorted cosine-tuned spike activity..” Journal of Neural Engineering 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 322–35. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/4/3/017.
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  - Light, Edward D., Srinivasan Mukundan, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. “Real-time 3-d intracranial ultrasound with an endoscopic matrix array transducer..” Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 33, no. 8 (August 2007): 1277–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.02.004.
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  - Brown, Ninita H., Hana M. Dobrovolny, Daniel J. Gauthier, and Patrick D. Wolf. “A fiber-based ratiometric optical cardiac mapping channel using a diffraction grating and split detector..” Biophysical Journal 93, no. 1 (July 2007): 254–63. https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.101154.
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  - Pua, Eric C., Salim F. Idriss, Patrick D. Wolf, and S. W. Smith. “Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for guiding interventional electrophysiology: feasibility study..” Ultrason Imaging 29, no. 3 (July 2007): 182–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/016173460702900304.
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  - Hsu, Stephen J., Brian J. Fahey, Douglas M. Dumont, Patrick D. Wolf, and Gregg E. Trahey. “Challenges and implementation of radiation-force imaging with an intracardiac ultrasound transducer..” Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 54, no. 5 (May 2007): 996–1009. https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2007.345.
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  - Hsu, S. J., R. R. Bouchard, D. M. Dumont, P. D. Wolf, and G. E. Trahey. “In Vivo acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of the cardiac cycle.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 1 (December 1, 2006): 756–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2006.170.
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  - Light, E. D., P. D. Wolf, S. W. Smith, and S. Mukundan. “Two dimensional arrays for real time 3D intracranial imaging of the brain.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 1 (December 1, 2006): 70–73. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2006.31.
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  - Pua, E. C., E. D. Light, P. D. Wolf, S. W. Smith, and D. Von Allmen. “3-D ultrasound guidance of surgical robotics: A feasibility study.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 1 (December 1, 2006): 993–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2006.258.
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  - Pua, Eric C., Matthew P. Fronheiser, Joanna R. Noble, Edward D. Light, Patrick D. Wolf, Daniel von Allmen, and Stephen W. Smith. “3-D ultrasound guidance of surgical robotics: a feasibility study..” Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 53, no. 11 (November 2006): 1999–2008.
  - Fahey, B. J., S. J. Hsu, P. D. Wolf, R. C. Nelson, and G. E. Trahey. “Liver ablation guidance with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: challenges and opportunities..” Phys Med Biol 51, no. 15 (August 7, 2006): 3785–3808. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/15/013.
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  - Fronheiser, Matthew P., Edward D. Light, Salim F. Idriss, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. “Real-time, 3-D ultrasound with multiple transducer arrays..” Ieee Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 53, no. 1 (January 2006): 100–105.
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  - Pua, E. C., M. P. Pronheiser, J. R. Noble, E. D. Light, P. D. Wolf, D. Von Allmen, and S. W. Smith. “3-D ultrasound guidance of surgical robotics: A feasibility study.” Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 53, no. 11 (January 1, 2006): 1999–2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2006.140.
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  - Hsu, S. J., P. D. Wolf, B. J. Fahey, G. F. Pinton, D. M. Dumont, and G. E. Trahey. “In vivo acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of cardiac ablations.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 2 (December 1, 2005): 1117–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1603046.
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  - Light, E. D., E. G. Dixon-Tulloch, P. D. Wolf, S. W. Smith, and S. F. Idriss. “Real-time 3D ultrasound laparoscopy.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 2 (December 1, 2005): 796–99. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602971.
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  - Goodman, Amy M., Robert A. Oliver, Craig S. Henriquez, and Patrick D. Wolf. “A membrane model of electrically remodelled atrial myocardium derived from in vivo measurements..” Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 7 Suppl 2 (September 2005): 135–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eupc.2005.04.010.
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  - Light, Edward D., Salim F. Idriss, Kathryn F. Sullivan, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. “Real-time 3D laparoscopic ultrasonography..” Ultrason Imaging 27, no. 3 (July 2005): 129–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/016173460502700301.
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  - Fahey, Brian J., Kathryn R. Nightingale, Stephen A. McAleavey, Mark L. Palmeri, Patrick D. Wolf, and Gregg E. Trahey. “Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of myocardial radiofrequency ablation: initial in vivo results..” Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 52, no. 4 (April 2005): 631–41.
  - Pedrotty, Dawn M., Jennifer Koh, Bryce H. Davis, Doris A. Taylor, Patrick Wolf, and Laura E. Niklason. “Engineering skeletal myoblasts: roles of three-dimensional culture and electrical stimulation..” American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 4 (April 2005): H1620–26. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00610.2003.
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  - Arora, H., N. Klemmer, J. C. Morizio, and P. D. Wolf. “Enhanced phase noise modeling of fractional-N frequency synthesizers.” Ieee Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 52, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 379–95. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2004.841594.
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  - Fronheiser, M. P., P. D. Wolf, S. F. Idriss, R. C. Nelson, E. Dixon-Tulloch, and S. W. Smith. “Real-time 3D color doppler for guidance of vibrating interventional devices.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 1 (December 1, 2004): 149–52.
  - Ivancevich, N. M., K. K. Chu, J. D. Dahl, E. D. Light, G. E. Trahey, S. F. Idriss, P. D. Wolf, E. Dixon-Tulloch, and S. W. Smith. “Real time 3D ultrasound imaging of the brain.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 1 (December 1, 2004): 110–13.
  - Pua, E. C., S. F. Idriss, P. D. Wolf, and S. W. Smith. “Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography.” Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 1 (December 1, 2004): 778–81.
  - Au-Yeung, Kityee, Chad R. Johnson, and Patrick D. Wolf. “A novel implantable cardiac telemetry system for studying atrial fibrillation..” Physiological Measurement 25, no. 5 (October 2004): 1223–38. https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/25/5/012.
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  - Lee, Warren, Salim F. Idriss, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. “A miniaturized catheter 2-D array for real-time, 3-D intracardiac echocardiography..” Ieee Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 51, no. 10 (October 2004): 1334–46.
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  - Pua, Eric C., Salim F. Idriss, Patrick D. Wolf, and S. W. Smith. “Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography..” Ultrason Imaging 26, no. 4 (October 2004): 217–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/016173460402600402.
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  - Smith, Stephen W., Kengyeh Chu, Salim F. Idriss, Nikolas M. Ivancevich, Edward D. Light, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Feasibility study: real-time 3-D ultrasound imaging of the brain..” Ultrasound Med Biol 30, no. 10 (October 2004): 1365–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.08.012.
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  - Fronheiser, Matthew P., Patrick D. Wolf, Salim F. Idriss, Rendon C. Nelson, Warren Lee, and Stephen W. Smith. “Real-time 3D color flow Doppler for guidance of vibrating interventional devices..” Ultrason Imaging 26, no. 3 (July 2004): 173–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/016173460402600304.
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  - Idriss, Salim F., and Patrick D. Wolf. “Transmural action potential repolarization heterogeneity develops postnatally in the rabbit..” J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 15, no. 7 (July 2004): 795–801. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03622.x.
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  - Bossetti, Chad A., Jose M. Carmena, Miguel A. L. Nicolelis, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Transmission latencies in a telemetry-linked brain-machine interface..” Ieee Trans Biomed Eng 51, no. 6 (June 2004): 919–24. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2004.827090.
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  - Obeid, Iyad, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Evaluation of spike-detection algorithms for a brain-machine interface application..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 51, no. 6 (June 2004): 905–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.826683.
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  - Goodman, Amy M., Merlise A. Clyde, Donald S. Burdick, Salim F. Idriss, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Minimum energy single-shock internal atrial defibrillation in sheep..” J Interv Card Electrophysiol 10, no. 2 (April 2004): 131–38. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JICE.0000019266.09648.f6.
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  - Obeid, Iyad, Miguel A. L. Nicolelis, and Patrick D. Wolf. “A multichannel telemetry system for single unit neural recordings..” J Neurosci Methods 133, no. 1–2 (February 15, 2004): 33–38.
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  - Obeid, Iyad, Miguel A. L. Nicolelis, and Patrick D. Wolf. “A low power multichannel analog front end for portable neural signal recordings..” J Neurosci Methods 133, no. 1–2 (February 15, 2004): 27–32.
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  - Won, Deborah S., and Patrick D. Wolf. “A simulation study of information transmission by multi-unit microelectrode recordings..” Network (Bristol, England) 15, no. 1 (February 2004): 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x_15_1_003.
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  - Lee, W., S. F. Idriss, P. D. Wolf, E. Dixon-Tulloch, J. F. Angle, and S. W. Smith. “Advances in 2-D array catheter transducers for real-time three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography.” Proceedings of the Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 1 (December 1, 2003): 672–75.
  - Lee, Warren, Salim F. Idriss, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. “Dual lumen transducer probes for real-time 3-D interventional cardiac ultrasound..” Ultrasound Med Biol 29, no. 9 (September 2003): 1297–1304.
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  - Obeid, Iyad, James C. Morizio, Karen A. Moxon, Miguel A. L. Nicolelis, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Two multichannel integrated circuits for neural recording and signal processing..” Ieee Trans Biomed Eng 50, no. 2 (February 2003): 255–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2002.807643.
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  - Smith, S. W., W. Lee, E. D. Light, J. T. Yen, P. Wolf, and S. Idriss. “Two dimensional arrays for 3-D ultrasound imaging.” Proceedings of the Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 2 (December 1, 2002): 1545–53.
  - Wolf, P. D., S. A. Park, and A. M. Goodman. “Response of fibrillating atria to successful low probability of success shocks.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 2 (December 1, 2002): 1370–71.
  - Won, D. S., I. Obeid, J. C. Morizio, M. A. L. Nicolelis, and P. D. Wolf. “A multichannel CMOS analog front end IC for neural recordings.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 3 (December 1, 2002): 2070–71.
  - Gauthier, Daniel J., G Martin Hall, Robert A. Oliver, Ellen G. Dixon-Tulloch, Patrick D. Wolf, and Sonya Bahar. “Progress toward controlling in vivo fibrillating sheep atria using a nonlinear-dynamics-based closed-loop feedback method..” Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.) 12, no. 3 (September 2002): 952–61. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1494155.
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  - Muzikant, Adam L., Edward W. Hsu, Patrick D. Wolf, and Craig S. Henriquez. “Region specific modeling of cardiac muscle: comparison of simulated and experimental potentials..” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 30, no. 7 (July 2002): 867–83. https://doi.org/10.1114/1.1509453.
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  - Smith, Stephen W., Rebecca C. Booi, Edward D. Light, Christine L. Merdes, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Guidance of cardiac pacemaker leads using real time 3D ultrasound: feasibility studies..” Ultrasonic Imaging 24, no. 2 (April 2002): 119–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/016173460202400205.
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  - Smith, Stephen W., Edward D. Light, Salim F. Idriss, and Patrick D. Wolf. “Feasibility study of real-time three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography for guidance of interventional electrophysiology..” Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 25, no. 3 (March 2002): 351–57.
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  - Light, Edward D., Salim F. Idriss, Warren Lee, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. “Feasibility study for real time three dimensional Doppler intracardiac echocardiography..” Ultrason Imaging 24, no. 1 (January 2002): 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/016173460202400104.
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  - Lee, W., E. D. Light, S. F. Idriss, E. Dixon-Tulloch, P. D. Wolf, and S. W. Smith. “Real-time three dimensional intracardiac echocardiography for guidance of cardiac interventional procedures.” Proceedings of the Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 2 (December 1, 2001): 1307–10.
  - Merdes, C. L., and P. D. Wolf. “Locating a catheter transducer in a three-dimensional ultrasound imaging field..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 48, no. 12 (December 2001): 1444–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.966603.
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  - Light, E. D., S. F. Idriss, P. D. Wolf, and S. W. Smith. “Real-time three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography..” Ultrasound Med Biol 27, no. 9 (September 2001): 1177–83.
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  - Jain, M., and P. Wolf. “Finite element model of radiofrequency ablation with true blood flow.” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 28, no. SUPPL. 1 (December 1, 2000).
  - Light, E. D., P. A. Hultman, S. F. Idriss, W. Lee, P. D. Wolf, and S. W. Smith. “Two dimensional arrays for real time volumetric and intracardiac imaging with simultaneous electrocardiogram.” Proceedings of the Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium 2 (December 1, 2000): 1195–98.
  - Jain, M. K., and P. D. Wolf. “A three-dimensional finite element model of radiofrequency ablation with blood flow and its experimental validation..” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 28, no. 9 (September 2000): 1075–84. https://doi.org/10.1114/1.1310219.
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  - Jain, M. K., and P. D. Wolf. “In vitro temperature map of cardiac ablation demonstrates the effect of flow on lesion development..” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 28, no. 9 (September 2000): 1066–74. https://doi.org/10.1114/1.1310218.
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  - Oliver, R. A., G. M. Hall, S. Bahar, W. Krassowska, P. D. Wolf, E. G. Dixon-Tulloch, and D. J. Gauthier. “Existence of bistability and correlation with arrhythmogenesis in paced sheep atria..” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 11, no. 7 (July 2000): 797–805. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00051.x.
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  - Krumholz, H. M., L. M. Brass, N. R. Every, J. A. Spertus, T. Bazzarre, D. J. Cohen, M. A. Hlatky, et al. “Measuring and improving quality of care: A report from the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology First Scientific Forum on Assessment of Healthcare Quality in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke.” Stroke 31, no. 4 (January 1, 2000): 1002–12. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.4.1002.
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  - Smith, S. W., E. D. Light, W. Lee, and P. D. Wolf. “Two dimensional arrays for real time intracardiac volumetric imaging.” Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 26, no. SUPPL. 2 (January 1, 2000).
  - Smith, S. W., E. D. Light, W. Lee, and P. D. Wolf. “Two dimensional arrays for real time intracardiac volumetric imaging.” Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 26, no. SUPPL 2 (2000).
  - Smith, S. W., E. D. Light, W. Lee, and P. D. Wolf. “Two dimensional arrays for real time intracardiac volumetric imaging.” Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 26, no. SUPPL. 2 (2000).
  - Jain, M. K., and P. D. Wolf. “Temperature-controlled and constant-power radio-frequency ablation: what affects lesion growth?.” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 46, no. 12 (December 1999): 1405–12. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.804568.
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  - Merdes, C. L., and P. D. Wolf. “Method for locating a catheter transducer in a 3-D ultrasound field.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 2 (December 1, 1999).
  - Meyer, S. A., and P. D. Wolf. “Registration of three-dimensional cardiac catheter models to single-plane fluoroscopic images..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 46, no. 12 (December 1999): 1471–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.804575.
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  - Oliver, R. A., W. Krassowska, G. M. Hall, S. Bahar, P. D. Wolf, and D. J. Gauthier. “Existence of bistability and correlation with arrhythmogenesis in sheep atria.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 1 (December 1, 1999).
  - Idriss, S. F., P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Effect of pacing site on ventricular fibrillation initiation by shocks during the vulnerable period.” American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 277, no. 5 46-5 (November 1, 1999).
  - Light, E. D., J. O. Fiering, W. Lee, P. D. Wolf, and S. W. Smith. “Two-dimensional catheter arrays for real time intracardiac volumetric imaging.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 3664 (January 1, 1999): 76–84.
  - Wolf, P. D., and R. Pendekanti. “Random nature of fibrillation leads to the probabilistic nature of defibrillation..” Journal of Electrocardiology 32 Suppl (January 1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0736(99)90050-x.
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  - Jain, M. K., G. Tomassoni, R. E. Riley, and P. D. Wolf. “Effect of skin electrode location on radiofrequency ablation lesions: an in vivo and a three-dimensional finite element study..” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 9, no. 12 (December 1998): 1325–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00108.x.
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  - Jain, M. K., and P. D. Wolf. “Finite element analysis predicts dose-response relationship for constant power and temperature controlled radiofrequency ablation.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 1 (December 1, 1997): 165–68.
  - Meyer, S. A., and P. D. Wolf. “Application of sonomicrometry and multidimensional scaling to cardiac catheter tracking..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 44, no. 11 (November 1997): 1061–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.641333.
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  - Tomassoni, G., R. Pendekanti, E. Dixon-Tulloch, B. Miner, E. S. Fain, D. A. Hoffmann, and P. D. Wolf. “Importance of electrode conductive surface area and edge effects on ventricular defibrillation efficacy..” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 8, no. 11 (November 1997): 1246–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1997.tb01015.x.
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  - Pendekanti, R., C. Henriquez, G. Tomassoni, W. Miner, E. Fain, D. Hoffmann, and P. Wolf. “Surface coverage effects on defibrillation impedance for transvenous electrodes..” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 25, no. 4 (July 1997): 739–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02684851.
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  - Alt, E., F. Evans, P. D. Wolf, J. Pasquantonio, L. Stotts, S. Heinz, and A. Schömig. “Does reducing capacitance have potential for further miniaturisation of implantable defibrillators?.” Heart (British Cardiac Society) 77, no. 3 (March 1997): 234–37. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.77.3.234.
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  - Jain, M. K., and P. D. Wolf. “Finite element study of the effects of ground electrode position on radio frequency ablation lesions.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 3 (December 1, 1996): 1280–81.
  - Usui, M., R. L. Callihan, R. G. Walker, G. P. Walcott, D. L. Rollins, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Epicardial sock mapping following monophasic and biphasic shocks of equal voltage with an endocardial lead system..” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 7, no. 4 (April 1996): 322–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1996.tb00533.x.
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  - Jain, M. K., P. D. Wolf, and C. Henriquez. “Chilled-tip electrode radio frequency ablation of the endocardium: a finite element study.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 17, no. 1 (December 1, 1995): 273–74.
  - Pendekanti, R., C. Henriquez, P. D. Wolf, D. Hoffmann, and W. Yang. “Combined experimental and modeling approach for designing transvenous defibrillation leads.” Ieee/ Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, December 1, 1995.
  - Pendekanti, R., C. Henriquez, P. Wolf, and H. Drew. “Effect of point of connection on the surface current profile over transvenous defibrillation electrodes.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 17, no. 1 (December 1, 1995): 311–12.
  - KenKnight, B. H., P. V. Bayly, R. J. Gerstle, D. L. Rollins, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Regional capture of fibrillating ventricular myocardium. Evidence of an excitable gap..” Circulation Research 77, no. 4 (October 1995): 849–55. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.77.4.849.
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  - Bayly, P. V., E. E. Johnson, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Predicting patterns of epicardial potentials during ventricular fibrillation..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 42, no. 9 (September 1995): 898–907. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.412656.
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  - Hillsley, R. E., K. D. Bollacker, E. V. Simpson, D. L. Rollins, M. D. Yarger, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Alteration of ventricular fibrillation by propranolol and isoproterenol detected by epicardial mapping with 506 electrodes..” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 6, no. 6 (June 1995): 471–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1995.tb00420.x.
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  - Callihan, R. L., S. F. Idriss, R. W. Dahl, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Comparison of defibrillation probability of success curves for an endocardial lead configuration with and without an inactive epicardial patch..” J Am Coll Cardiol 25, no. 6 (May 1995): 1373–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(94)00558-8.
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  - Idriss, S. F., S. B. Melnick, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Predicting the potential gradient field in ventricular fibrillation from shocks delivered in paced rhythm.” American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 6 37-6 (January 1, 1995).
  - Eason, J., C. Henriquez, and P. Wolf. “Importance of anisotropy in potential gradient calculations.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 16, no. pt 1 (December 1, 1994): 67–68.
  - Pendekanti, R., C. Henriquez, and P. Wolf. “Importance of representing surface geometry and electrode resistance of transvenous electrodes in defibrillation models.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 16, no. pt 1 (December 1, 1994): 29–30.
  - Zhou, X., P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, S. M. Blanchard, and R. E. Ideker. “Effects of peroneal nerve stimulation on hypothalamic stimulation-induced ventricular arrhythmias in rabbits..” The American Journal of Physiology 267, no. 5 Pt 2 (November 1994): H2032–41. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.5.h2032.
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  - Cates, A. W., P. D. Wolf, R. E. Hillsley, J. J. Souza, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “The probability of defibrillation success and the incidence of postshock arrhythmia as a function of shock strength..” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace 17, no. 7 (July 1994): 1208–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01487.x.
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  - Hillsley, R. E., J. M. Wharton, A. W. Cates, P. D. Wolf, and R. E. Ideker. “Why do some patients have high defibrillation thresholds at defibrillator implantation? Answers from basic research..” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace 17, no. 2 (February 1994): 222–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01375.x.
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  - Eyüboğlu, B. M., T. C. Pilkington, and P. D. Wolf. “Estimation of tissue resistivities from multiple-electrode impedance measurements..” Physics in Medicine and Biology 39, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/39/1/001.
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  - Bayly, P. V., E. E. Johnson, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Measuring changing spatial complexity in ventricular fibrillation using the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition of 506-channel epicardial data.” Computers in Cardiology, December 1, 1993, 53–56.
  - Eason, J. C., C. M. Clark, P. D. Wolf, J. A. Schmidt, and R. E. Ideker. “Accurate finite element model of the heart for calculating the electric field due to defibrillation.” Computers in Cardiology, December 1, 1993, 57–59.
  - Wolf, P. D., D. E. Rollins, E. V. Simpson, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “528 channel system for the acquisition and display of defibrillation and electrocardiographic potentials.” Computers in Cardiology, December 1, 1993, 125–28.
  - Bayly, P. V., E. E. Johnson, P. D. Wolf, H. S. Greenside, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “A quantitative measurement of spatial order in ventricular fibrillation..” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 4, no. 5 (October 1993): 533–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1993.tb01242.x.
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  - Guse, P. A., D. L. Rollins, W. Krassowska, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Effective defibrillation in pigs using interleaved and common phase sequential biphasic shocks..” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace 16, no. 8 (August 1993): 1719–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1993.tb01043.x.
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  - Zhou, X., P. D. Wolf, D. L. Rollins, Y. Afework, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Effects of monophasic and biphasic shocks on action potentials during ventricular fibrillation in dogs..” Circulation Research 73, no. 2 (August 1993): 325–34. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.73.2.325.
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  - Hillsley, R. E., R. G. Walker, D. K. Swanson, D. L. Rollins, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Is the second phase of a biphasic defibrillation waveform the defibrillating phase?.” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace 16, no. 7 Pt 1 (July 1993): 1401–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1993.tb01735.x.
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  - Zhou, X., J. P. Daubert, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Epicardial mapping of ventricular defibrillation with monophasic and biphasic shocks in dogs..” Circ Res 72, no. 1 (January 1993): 145–60. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.72.1.145.
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  - Wolf, P. D., A. S. Tang, R. E. Ideker, and T. C. Pilkington. “Calculating endocardial potentials from epicardial potentials measured during external stimulation..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 39, no. 9 (September 1992): 913–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.256424.
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  - Johnson, E. E., C. A. Alferness, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Effect of pulse separation between two sequential biphasic shocks given over different lead configurations on ventricular defibrillation efficacy..” Circulation 85, no. 6 (June 1992): 2267–74. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.85.6.2267.
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  - Tang, A. S., P. D. Wolf, Y. Afework, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Three-dimensional potential gradient fields generated by intracardiac catheter and cutaneous patch electrodes..” Circulation 85, no. 5 (May 1992): 1857–64. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.85.5.1857.
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  - Wharton, J. M., P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, P. S. Chen, D. W. Frazier, S. Yabe, N. Danieley, and R. E. Ideker. “Cardiac potential and potential gradient fields generated by single, combined, and sequential shocks during ventricular defibrillation..” Circulation 85, no. 4 (April 1992): 1510–23. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.85.4.1510.
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  - Zhou, X., P. Guse, P. D. Wolf, D. L. Rollins, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Existence of both fast and slow channel activity during the early stages of ventricular fibrillation..” Circulation Research 70, no. 4 (April 1992): 773–86. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.70.4.773.
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  - Krassowska, W., D. L. Rollins, P. D. Wolf, E. G. Dixon, T. C. Pilkington, and R. E. Ideker. “Pacing thresholds for cathodal and anodal high-frequency monophasic pulses.” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1992.tb01097.x.
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  - Daubert, J. P., D. W. Frazier, P. D. Wolf, M. R. Franz, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Response of relatively refractory canine myocardium to monophasic and biphasic shocks..” Circulation 84, no. 6 (December 1991): 2522–38. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.84.6.2522.
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  - Idriss, S. F., R. E. Ideker, P. D. Wolf, and W. M. Smith. “Errors in calculating the epicardial potential gradient field from unipolar voltage measurements during cardiac defibrillation.” Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology 13, no. pt 2 (December 1, 1991): 692–93.
  - Chen, P. S., P. D. Wolf, and R. E. Ideker. “Mechanism of cardiac defibrillation. A different point of view..” Circulation 84, no. 2 (August 1991): 913–19. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.84.2.913.
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  - Zhou, X. H., S. B. Knisley, P. D. Wolf, D. L. Rollins, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Prolongation of repolarization time by electric field stimulation with monophasic and biphasic shocks in open-chest dogs..” Circulation Research 68, no. 6 (June 1991): 1761–67. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.68.6.1761.
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  - Guse, P. A., K. M. Kavanagh, C. A. Alferness, P. D. Wolf, D. Rollins, J. Hagler, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Defibrillation with low voltage using a left ventricular catheter and four cutaneous patch electrodes in dogs..” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace 14, no. 3 (March 1991): 443–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1991.tb04093.x.
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  - Ideker, R. E., P. D. Wolf, C. Alferness, W. Krassowska, and W. M. Smith. “Current concepts for selecting the location, size and shape of defibrillation electrodes..” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace 14, no. 2 Pt 1 (February 1991): 227–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1991.tb05093.x.
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  - Feeser, S. A., A. S. Tang, K. M. Kavanagh, D. L. Rollins, W. M. Smith, P. D. Wolf, and R. E. Ideker. “Strength-duration and probability of success curves for defibrillation with biphasic waveforms..” Circulation 82, no. 6 (December 1990): 2128–41. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.82.6.2128.
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  - Laxer, C., R. E. Ideker, W. M. Smith, P. D. Wolf, and E. V. Simpson. “A graphical display system for animating mapped cardiac potentials,” December 1, 1990, 197–204.
  - Simpson, E. V., P. D. Wolf, R. E. Ideker, and W. M. Smith. “Three-dimensional visualization of electrical variables in the ventricular wall of the heart.” Proceedings of the First Conference on Visualization in Biomedical Computing, December 1, 1990, 190–94.
  - Wolf, P. D., W. M. Smith, and T. C. Pilkington. “Effect of limited voltage resolution on an algorithm for determining electrode positions from impedance.” Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology, no. pt 2 (December 1, 1990): 716–17.
  - Chen, P. S., P. D. Wolf, S. D. Melnick, N. D. Danieley, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Comparison of activation during ventricular fibrillation and following unsuccessful defibrillation shocks in open-chest dogs..” Circulation Research 66, no. 6 (June 1990): 1544–60. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.66.6.1544.
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  - Cabo, C., J. M. Wharton, P. D. Wolf, R. E. Ideker, and W. M. Smith. “Activation in unipolar cardiac electrograms: a frequency analysis..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 37, no. 5 (May 1990): 500–508. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.55640.
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  - Yabe, S., W. M. Smith, J. P. Daubert, P. D. Wolf, D. L. Rollins, and R. E. Ideker. “Conduction disturbances caused by high current density electric fields..” Circ Res 66, no. 5 (May 1990): 1190–1203. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.66.5.1190.
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  - Pilkington, T., M. Eyuboglu, and P. Wolf. “Utilization of esophageal reference electrode to enhance impedance imaging.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 11 pt 2 (December 1, 1989).
  - Wolf, P. D., W. M. Smith, and T. C. Pilkington. “Determination of cardiac geometry from impedance measurements.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 11 pt 4 (December 1, 1989): 1239–40.
  - Frazier, D. W., P. D. Wolf, J. M. Wharton, A. S. Tang, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Stimulus-induced critical point. Mechanism for electrical initiation of reentry in normal canine myocardium..” The Journal of Clinical Investigation 83, no. 3 (March 1989): 1039–52. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci113945.
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  - Ideker, R. E., W. M. Smith, S. M. Blanchard, S. L. Reiser, E. V. Simpson, P. D. Wolf, and N. D. Danieley. “The assumptions of isochronal cardiac mapping..” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace 12, no. 3 (March 1989): 456–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1989.tb02684.x.
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  - Frazier, D. W., J. M. Wharton, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Mapping the electrical initiation of ventricular fibrillation..” Journal of Electrocardiology 22 Suppl (January 1989): 198–99.
  - Ideker, R. E., W. M. Smith, and P. D. Wolf. “Cardiac mapping at Duke Medical Center..” The American Journal of Cardiology 63 Suppl (January 1989): 17F-30F.
  - Ideker, R. E., J. M. Wharton, N. Shibata, P. S. Chen, P. D. Wolf, and W. M. Smith. “Mechanism of ventricular defibrillation.” Ieee/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference 10, no. pt 1 (November 1, 1988): 210–11.
  - Smith, W. M., P. D. Wolf, N. D. Danieley, and R. E. Ideker. “Self-documenting data structure for cardiac mapping.” Ieee/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference 10, no. pt 1 (November 1, 1988): 106–7.
  - Wolf, P. D., A. S. Tang, R. E. Ideker, and T. C. Pilkington. “Predicting endocardial potentials from epicardial potentials for external stimuli.” Ieee/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference 10, no. pt 1 (November 1, 1988): 208–9.
  - Wolf, P. D., D. L. Rollins, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Cardiac mapping system for the quantitative study of internal defibrillation.” Ieee/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference 10, no. pt 1 (November 1, 1988): 217–18.
  - Shibata, N., P. S. Chen, E. G. Dixon, P. D. Wolf, N. D. Danieley, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Influence of shock strength and timing on induction of ventricular arrhythmias in dogs..” The American Journal of Physiology 255, no. 4 Pt 2 (October 1988): H891–901. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.4.h891.
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  - Danieley, N. D., P. D. Wolf, R. E. Ideker, and W. M. Smith. “Workstation network for cardiac electrophysiology.” Computers in Cardiology, September 1, 1988, 469–72.
  - Frazier, D. W., W. Krassowska, P. S. Chen, P. D. Wolf, E. G. Dixon, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Extracellular field required for excitation in three-dimensional anisotropic canine myocardium..” Circulation Research 63, no. 1 (July 1988): 147–64. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.63.1.147.
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  - Frazier, D. W., W. Krassowska, P. S. Chen, P. D. Wolf, N. D. Danieley, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Transmural activations and stimulus potentials in three-dimensional anisotropic canine myocardium..” Circulation Research 63, no. 1 (July 1988): 135–46. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.63.1.135.
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  - Chen, P. S., P. D. Wolf, E. G. Dixon, N. D. Danieley, D. W. Frazier, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Mechanism of ventricular vulnerability to single premature stimuli in open-chest dogs..” Circulation Research 62, no. 6 (June 1988): 1191–1209. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.62.6.1191.
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  - Worley, S. J., D. B. Mark, W. M. Smith, P. Wolf, R. M. Califf, H. C. Strauss, M. G. Manwaring, and R. E. Ideker. “Comparison of time domain and frequency domain variables from the signal-averaged electrocardiogram: a multivariable analysis..” J Am Coll Cardiol 11, no. 5 (May 1988): 1041–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(98)90064-x.
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  - Tang, A. S. L., P. D. Wolf, F. J. Claydon, W. M. Smith, T. C. Pilkington, and R. E. Ideker. “Measurement of Defibrillation Shock Potential Distributions and Activation Sequences of the Heart in Three Dimensions.” Proceedings of the Ieee 76, no. 9 (January 1, 1988): 1176–86. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.9663.
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  - Wolf, P. D., R. E. Ideker, and W. M. Smith. “ADAPTIVE DATA REDUCTION ALGORITHM FOR MULTICHANNEL ELECTROGRAM RECORDING..” Ieee/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, December 1, 1987, 1865–66.
  - Dixon, E. G., A. S. Tang, P. D. Wolf, J. T. Meador, M. J. Fine, R. V. Calfee, and R. E. Ideker. “Improved defibrillation thresholds with large contoured epicardial electrodes and biphasic waveforms..” Circulation 76, no. 5 (November 1987): 1176–84. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.76.5.1176.
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  - Ideker, R. E., W. M. Smith, P. Wolf, N. D. Danieley, and F. R. Bartram. “Simultaneous multichannel cardiac mapping systems..” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace 10, no. 2 (March 1987): 281–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1987.tb05966.x.
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  - Smith, W. M., R. E. Ideker, P. D. Wolf, N. D. Danieley, and F. R. Bartram. “INTRAOPERATIVE CARDIAC MAPPING..” Ieee/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, December 1, 1986, 1283–85.
  - Wolf, P. D., R. E. Ideker, and W. M. Smith. “DATA STREAM FORMATTER FOR A CARDIAC MAPPING SYSTEM..” Ieee/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, December 1, 1986, 491–93.
  - Chen, P. S., P. D. Wolf, F. J. Claydon, E. G. Dixon, H. J. Vidaillet, N. D. Danieley, T. C. Pilkington, and R. E. Ideker. “The potential gradient field created by epicardial defibrillation electrodes in dogs..” Circulation 74, no. 3 (September 1986): 626–36. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.74.3.626.
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  - Colavita, P. G., P. Wolf, W. M. Smith, F. R. Bartram, M. Hardage, and R. E. Ideker. “Determination of effects of internal countershock by direct cardiac recordings during normal rhythm..” The American Journal of Physiology 250, no. 5 Pt 2 (May 1986): H736–40. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.5.h736.
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  - Chen, P. S., N. Shibata, E. G. Dixon, P. D. Wolf, N. D. Danieley, M. B. Sweeney, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker. “Activation during ventricular defibrillation in open-chest dogs. Evidence of complete cessation and regeneration of ventricular fibrillation after unsuccessful shocks..” The Journal of Clinical Investigation 77, no. 3 (March 1986): 810–23. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci112378.
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  - Pollard, A. E., P. D. Wolf, F. R. Bartram, R. E. Ideker, and W. M. Smith. “HIGH-SPEED MEMORY FOR THE ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM CARDIAC MAPPING STUDIES..” Computers in Cardiology, December 1, 1984, 413–16.
  - O’Neill, M. J., W. Weisberg, P. D. Wolf, N. A. Francalancia, D. Davis, and R. Hawkins. “Time limits for submersion of canine left ventricular biopsies in cold isopentane..” The Journal of Surgical Research 32, no. 6 (June 1982): 617–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4804(82)90146-9.
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  - O’Neill, M. J., P. D. Wolf, T. K. O’Neill, R. M. Montesano, and J. A. Waldhausen. “A rationale for the use of sequential coronary artery bypass grafts..” The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 81, no. 5 (May 1981): 686–90.
  - O’Neill, M. J., N. Francalancia, P. D. Wolf, G. V. Parr, and J. A. Waldhausen. “Resistance differences between blood and crystalloid cardioplegic solutions with myocardial cooling..” The Journal of Surgical Research 30, no. 4 (April 1981): 354–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4804(81)90171-2.
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- Book Sections
  - Wolf, P. D. “Thermal considerations for the design of an implanted cortical brain-machine interface (BMI).” In Indwelling Neural Implants: Strategies for Contending with the in Vivo Environment, 63–86, 2007.
  - Moxon, K. A., J. Morizio, J. K. Chapin, M. A. L. Nicolelis, and P. D. Wolf. “Designing a brain- machine interface for neuroprosthetic control.” In Neural Prostheses for Restoration of Sensory and Motor Function, 179–219, 2000.
- Conference Papers
  - Osborn, J., Y. J. Kim, S. Eyerly, and P. Wolf. “Characterization of catheter motion in intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) elastography imaging.” In Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, Vol. 2016-November, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2016.7728840.
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  - Vejdani-Jahromi, M., J. Yang, G. E. Trahey, and P. D. Wolf. “M-mode ARFI imaging demonstrates the effect of coronary perfusion on cardiac stiffness.” In Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, 113–16, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0029.
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  - Vejdani-Jahromi, Maryam, Annette Kiplagat, Gregg E. Trahey, and Patrick D. Wolf. “The effect of acute coronary perfusion change on cardiac function measured by Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging..” In Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2014:5072–75, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944765.
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  - Bradway, D. P., P. J. Hollender, R. Goswami, P. D. Wolf, and G. E. Trahey. “Feasibility and safety of transthoracic cardiac acoustic radiation force impulse imaging methods.” In Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, 2027–30, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0507.
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  - Eyerly, S. A., T. D. Bahnson, J. I. Koontz, D. P. Bradway, D. M. Dumont, G. E. Trahey, and P. D. Wolf. “Confirmation of cardiac radiofrequency ablation treatment using intra-procedure acoustic radiation force impulse imaging.” In Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, 2037–40, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0509.
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  - Hollender, P., D. Bradway, P. Wolf, R. Goswami, and G. Trahey. “Intracardiac ARF-driven shear wave velocimetry to estimate regional myocardial stiffness and contractility in pigs with focal infarctions.” In Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, 2031–36, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0508.
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  - Byram, B., D. Bradway, M. Jakovljevic, D. Giannantonio, D. Hyun, D. Dumont, P. Wolf, et al. “Direct in vivo myocardial infarct visualization using 3D ultrasound and passive strain contrast.” In Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, 25–28, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2011.0007.
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  - Hsu, S. J., D. P. Bradway, R. R. Bouchard, P. J. Hollender, P. D. Wolf, and G. E. Trahey. “Parametric pressure-volume analysis and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of left ventricular function.” In Proceedings Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, 698–701, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935661.
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  - Fahey, B. J., K. R. Nightingale, P. D. Wolf, and G. E. Trahey. “ARFI imaging of thermal lesions in ex vivo and in vivo soft tissues.” In Proceedings of the Ieee Ultrasonics Symposium, 1:562–67, 2003.
  - Morizio, J., D. Won, I. Obeid, C. Bossetti, M. Nicolelis, and P. Wolf. “16-channel neural pre-conditioning device.” In International Ieee/Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, Ner, 2003-January:104–7, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/CNE.2003.1196767.
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  - Won, D. S., D. Y. Chong, and P. D. Wolf. “Effects of spike sorting error on information content in multi-neuron recordings.” In International Ieee/Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, Ner, 2003-January:618–21, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/CNE.2003.1196904.
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  - Rollins, D. L., P. D. Wolf, R. E. Ideker, and W. M. Smith. “A programmable cardiac stimulator.” In Proceedings Computers in Cardiology, Cic 1992, 507–10, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1992.269524.
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  - Wolf, P. D., W. M. Smith, and T. C. Pilkington. “A method for determining surface electrode location and boundary shape using impedance measurements.” In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Embs, 5:1724–25, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1992.5762010.
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