Paul Simon Jowell | Scholars@Duke

Paul Simon Jowell
Professor of Medicine

My primary research interest has been gastrointestinal endoscopy. Areas of specific investigation relate to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) pancreaticobiliary disorders, and competence and training in endoscopic procedures.

Special areas of expertise are therapeutic endoscopy, therapeutic ERCP, and endoscopic ultrasound including pseudocyst drainage and necrosectomy. I also have experience and expertise in training physicians in endoscopy and in assessing competence in endoscopy.

Key words: endoscopy training, endoscopy competence, ERCP, pancreatitis, quality improvement, complications, endoscopic ultrasound.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine 2013

Contact Information

03155 Hosp South, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3662, Durham, NC 27710
(919) 684-3787

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Fellow in Gastroenterology, Medicine, Duke University 1989 - 1991
- Medical Resident, Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center 1986 - 1989
- Fellow in Endocrinology, Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center 1985 - 1986
- M.B.Ch.B., University of Cape Town (South Africa) 1983
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine 2001 - 2013
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1999 - 2001
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1992 - 1999
- Associate in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 1992
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
External Relationships
- Boston Scientific Corporation
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Wani, Sachin, Rajesh N. Keswani, Samuel Han, Eva M. Aagaard, Matthew Hall, Violette Simon, Wasif M. Abidi, et al. “Competence in Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, From Training Through Independent Practice.” Gastroenterology 155, no. 5 (November 2018): 1483-1494.e7. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.024.
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  - Johnson, Alyson M., Joshua P. Spaete, Paul S. Jowell, Arif H. Kamal, and Deborah A. Fisher. “Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Interventional Symptom Management Options When Caring for Patients with Gastrointestinal Malignancies.” J Palliat Med 21, no. 9 (September 2018): 1339–43. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2018.0251.
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  - Chou, Naomi D., Rebecca A. Burbridge, and Paul S. Jowell. “Colonic Perforation Secondary to Retained Biliary Stent.” Am J Gastroenterol 112, no. 1 (January 2017): 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2016.414.
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  - Zouhairi, Majed El, James B. Watson, Svetang V. Desai, David K. Swartz, Alejandra Castillo-Roth, Mahfuzul Haque, Paul S. Jowell, Malcolm S. Branch, and Rebecca A. Burbridge. “Rotational assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with reconstructive gastrointestinal surgical anatomy.” World J Gastrointest Endosc 7, no. 3 (March 16, 2015): 278–82. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v7.i3.278.
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  - Foo, W. C., K. E. Youens, P. S. Jowell, and S. M. Bean. “Image-guided fine-needle aspiration of secondary pancreatic neoplasms: A case series and review of the literature.” Pathology Case Reviews 20, no. 4 (January 1, 2015): 175–81. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCR.0000000000000096.
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  - Ceppa, Eugene P., Rebecca A. Burbridge, Kristy L. Rialon, Philip A. Omotosho, Dawn Emick, Paul S. Jowell, Malcom Stanley Branch, and Theodore N. Pappas. “Endoscopic versus surgical ampullectomy: an algorithm to treat disease of the ampulla of Vater.” Ann Surg 257, no. 2 (February 2013): 315–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e318269d010.
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  - Petersen, Bret T., Michel Kahaleh, Richard A. Kozarek, David Loren, Kapil Gupta, Thomas Kowalski, Martin Freeman, et al. “A multicenter, prospective study of a new fully covered expandable metal biliary stent for the palliative treatment of malignant bile duct obstruction.” Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013 (2013): 642428. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/642428.
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  - Shah, Tilak Upendra, Rodger Liddle, M Stanley Branch, Paul Jowell, Jorge Obando, and Martin Poleski. “Pilot study of aprepitant for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in high risk patients: a phase II randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial.” Jop 13, no. 5 (September 10, 2012): 514–18. https://doi.org/10.6092/1590-8577/855.
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  - Jowell, Paul S., Malcolm S. Branch, Seymour H. Fein, Edward D. Purich, Rakhi Kilaru, Gail Robuck, Philip d’Almada, and John Baillie. “Intravenous synthetic secretin reduces the incidence of pancreatitis induced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.” Pancreas 40, no. 4 (May 2011): 533–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0b013e3182152eb6.
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  - Byrne, Michael F., Mark T. McLoughlin, Robert M. Mitchell, Henning Gerke, K. Kim, Theodore N. Pappas, M. S. Branch, Paul S. Jowell, and John Baillie. “For patients with predicted low risk for choledocholithiasis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, selective intraoperative cholangiography and postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is an effective strategy to limit unnecessary procedures.” Surg Endosc 23, no. 9 (September 2009): 1933–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-008-0250-0.
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  - Horwhat, John David, Henning Gerke, Ruben Daniel Acosta, Darren A. Pavey, and Paul S. Jowell. “Focal or diffuse "fullness" of the pancreas on CT. Usually benign, but EUS plus/minus FNA is warranted to identify malignancy.” Jop 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2009): 37–42.
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  - Byrne, M. F., M. T. McLoughlin, R. M. Mitchell, H. Gerke, T. N. Pappas, M. S. Branch, P. S. Jowell, and J. Baillie. “The fate of patients who undergo "preoperative" ERCP to clear known or suspected bile duct stones.” Surg Endosc 23, no. 1 (January 2009): 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-008-9903-2.
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  - Shimpi, Rahul A., Josh George, Paul Jowell, and Frank G. Gress. “Staging of esophageal cancer by EUS: staging accuracy revisited.” Gastrointest Endosc 66, no. 3 (September 2007): 475–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2007.03.1051.
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  - Micames, Carlos G., Douglas C. McCrory, Darren A. Pavey, Paul S. Jowell, and Frank G. Gress. “Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for non-small cell lung cancer staging: A systematic review and metaanalysis.” Chest 131, no. 2 (February 2007): 539–48. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-1437.
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  - Horwhat, John David, Erik K. Paulson, Kevin McGrath, M Stanley Branch, John Baillie, Douglas Tyler, Theodore Pappas, et al. “A randomized comparison of EUS-guided FNA versus CT or US-guided FNA for the evaluation of pancreatic mass lesions.” Gastrointest Endosc 63, no. 7 (June 2006): 966–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2005.09.028.
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  - Gerke, H., T. A. Jaffe, R. M. Mitchell, M. F. Byrne, H. L. Stiffler, M. S. Branch, J. Baillie, and P. S. Jowell. “Endoscopic ultrasound and computer tomography are inaccurate methods of classifying cystic pancreatic lesions.” Dig Liver Dis 38, no. 1 (January 2006): 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2005.09.023.
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  - Green, Bryan T., Don C. Rockey, G. Portwood, Paul R. Tarnasky, Steve Guarisco, Malcolm S. Branch, Joseph Leung, and Paul Jowell. “Urgent colonoscopy for evaluation and management of acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial.” Am J Gastroenterol 100, no. 11 (November 2005): 2395–2402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00306.x.
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  - Varadarajulu, Shyam, Mohamad A. Eloubeidi, Rig S. Patel, Hugh E. Mulcahy, Alan Barkun, Paul Jowell, Eric Libby, Stephen Schutz, Nicholas J. Nickl, and Peter B. Cotton. “The yield and the predictors of esophageal pathology when upper endoscopy is used for the initial evaluation of dysphagia.” Gastrointest Endosc 61, no. 7 (June 2005): 804–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(05)00297-x.
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  - Volmar, Keith E., Robin T. Vollmer, Paul S. Jowell, Rendon C. Nelson, and H Bill Xie. “Pancreatic FNA in 1000 cases: a comparison of imaging modalities.” Gastrointest Endosc 61, no. 7 (June 2005): 854–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(05)00364-0.
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  - DeWitt, John, Paul Jowell, Julia Leblanc, Lee McHenry, Kathleen McGreevy, Harvey Cramer, Keith Volmar, Stuart Sherman, and Frank Gress. “EUS-guided FNA of pancreatic metastases: a multicenter experience.” Gastrointest Endosc 61, no. 6 (May 2005): 689–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(05)00287-7.
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  - Horwhat, John David, Paul Jowell, Stanley Branch, Leonie Fleishman, and Frank G. Gress. “Proximal migration of a 3 French pancreatic stent in a patient with pancreas divisum: suggested technique for successful retrieval.” Jop 6, no. 2 (March 10, 2005): 178–84.
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  - Cohn, Jonathan A., R Michael Mitchell, and Paul S. Jowell. “The impact of cystic fibrosis and PSTI/SPINK1 gene mutations on susceptibility to chronic pancreatitis.” Clin Lab Med 25, no. 1 (March 2005): 79–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2004.12.007.
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  - White, Rebekah R., H Bill Xie, Marcia R. Gottfried, Brian G. Czito, Herbert I. Hurwitz, Michael A. Morse, Gerald C. Blobe, et al. “Significance of histological response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy for pancreatic cancer.” Ann Surg Oncol 12, no. 3 (March 2005): 214–21. https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2005.03.105.
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  - Cohn, Jonathan A., R Michael Mitchell, and Paul S. Jowell. “The role of cystic fibrosis gene mutations in determining susceptibility to chronic pancreatitis.” Gastroenterol Clin North Am 33, no. 4 (December 2004): 817–vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2004.07.008.
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  - Byrne, M. F., H. Gerke, R. M. Mitchell, H. L. Stiffler, K. McGrath, M. S. Branch, J. Baillie, and P. S. Jowell. “Yield of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of bile duct lesions.” Endoscopy 36, no. 8 (August 2004): 715–19. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-825657.
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  - Gerke, Henning, Michaell F. Byrne, Huiwen Bill Xie, Erik K. Paulson, Douglas S. Tyler, John Baillie, and Paul S. Jowell. “A wolf in sheep's clothing: a non-functioning islet cell tumor of the pancreas masquerading as a microcystic (serous cystic) adenoma.” Jop 5, no. 4 (July 2004): 225–30.
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  - Gerke, H., R. White, M. F. Byrne, H. Stiffier, R. M. Mitchell, H. I. Hurwitz, M. A. Morse, et al. “Complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with and without preoperative biliary drainage.” Dig Liver Dis 36, no. 6 (June 2004): 412–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(04)00096-9.
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  - Kalady, Matthew F., Bercedis Peterson, John Baillie, Mark W. Onaitis, Omar I. Abdul-Wahab, James K. Howden, Paul S. Jowell, et al. “Pancreatic duct strictures: identifying risk of malignancy.” Ann Surg Oncol 11, no. 6 (June 2004): 581–88. https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2004.03.070.
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  - Gerke, Henning, Michael F. Byrne, Helen L. Stiffler, Jorge V. Obando, Robert M. Mitchell, Paul S. Jowell, Malcolm S. Branch, and John Baillie. “Outcome of endoscopic minor papillotomy in patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum.” Jop 5, no. 3 (May 2004): 122–31.
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  - Byrne, Michael F., Robert M. Mitchell, Henning Gerke, Sandra Goller, Helen L. Stiffler, Michael Golioto, Malcolm S. Branch, Paul S. Jowell, and John Baillie. “The need for caution with topical anesthesia during endoscopic procedures, as liberal use may result in methemoglobinemia.” J Clin Gastroenterol 38, no. 3 (March 2004): 225–29. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-200403000-00006.
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  - Gerke, H., M. F. Byrne, P. S. Jowell, and K. Mergener. “Pancreas Clinic - Unusual finding in a patient with pancreas divisum and abdominal pain.” Medgenmed Medscape General Medicine 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2003).
  - Micames, Carlos, Paul S. Jowell, Rebekah White, Erik Paulson, Rendon Nelson, Michael Morse, Herbert Hurwitz, Theodore Pappas, Douglas Tyler, and Kevin McGrath. “Lower frequency of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed by EUS-guided FNA vs. percutaneous FNA.” Gastrointest Endosc 58, no. 5 (November 2003): 690–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(03)02009-1.
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  - Byrne, Michael F., Paul Suhocki, Robert M. Mitchell, Theodore N. Pappas, Helen L. Stiffler, Paul S. Jowell, Malcolm S. Branch, and John Baillie. “Percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients with acute cholecystitis: experience of 45 patients at a US referral center.” J Am Coll Surg 197, no. 2 (August 2003): 206–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1072-7515(03)00143-1.
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  - Gerke, Henning, Michael F. Byrne, and Paul S. Jowell. “Unusual finding in a patient with pancreas divisum and abdominal pain.” Medgenmed 5, no. 3 (July 30, 2003): 14.
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  - Devereaux, B. M., S. Fein, E. Purich, J. Richard Trout, G. A. Lehman, E. L. Fogel, S. Phillips, et al. “A new synthetic porcine secretin for facilitation of cannulation of the dorsal pancreatic duct at ercp in patients with pancreas divisum: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind comparative study.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 643–47. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2003.195.
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  - Devereaux, Benedict M., Seymour Fein, Edward Purich, J Richard Trout, Glen A. Lehman, Evan L. Fogel, Susan Phillips, et al. “A new synthetic porcine secretin for facilitation of cannulation of the dorsal pancreatic duct at ERCP in patients with pancreas divisum: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind comparative study.” Gastrointest Endosc 57, no. 6 (May 2003): 643–47. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2003.195.
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  - Enns, R., M. A. Eloubeidi, K. Mergener, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, and J. Baillie. “Predictors of successful clinical and laboratory outcomes in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.” Can J Gastroenterol 17, no. 4 (April 2003): 243–48. https://doi.org/10.1155/2003/475603.
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  - Cotton, Peter B., Patrick Connor, Daniel McGee, Paul Jowell, Nick Nickl, Steve Schutz, Joseph Leung, John Lee, and Eric Libby. “Colonoscopy: practice variation among 69 hospital-based endoscopists.” Gastrointest Endosc 57, no. 3 (March 2003): 352–57. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2003.121.
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  - Byrne, M. F., and P. S. Jowell. “ERCP - Methods of tissue sampling.” Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1053/tgie.2003.50009.
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  - Byrne, Michael F., Robert M. Mitchell, Helen Stiffler, Paul S. Jowell, Malcolm S. Branch, Theodore N. Pappas, Doug Tyler, and John Baillie. “Extensive investigation of patients with mild elevations of serum amylase and/or lipase is 'low yield'.” Can J Gastroenterol 16, no. 12 (December 2002): 849–54. https://doi.org/10.1155/2002/836012.
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  - Cohn, Jonathan A., Peadar G. Noone, and Paul S. Jowell. “Idiopathic pancreatitis related to CFTR: complex inheritance and identification of a modifier gene.” J Investig Med 50, no. 5 (September 2002): 247S-255S. https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-50-suppl5-01.
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  - tenBerge, Jorgen, Brenda J. Hoffman, Robert H. Hawes, Conny Van Enckevort, Marc Giovannini, Richard A. Erickson, Marc F. Catalano, et al. “EUS-guided fine needle aspiration of the liver: indications, yield, and safety based on an international survey of 167 cases.” Gastrointest Endosc 55, no. 7 (June 2002): 859–62. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.124557.
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  - Byrne, Michael F., and Paul S. Jowell. “Gastrointestinal imaging: endoscopic ultrasound.” Gastroenterology 122, no. 6 (May 2002): 1631–48. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2002.33576.
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  - Bergin, Diane, Lisa M. Ho, Paul S. Jowell, Theodore N. Pappas, and Erik K. Paulson. “Simple pancreatic cysts: CT and endosonographic appearances.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 178, no. 4 (April 2002): 837–40. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.178.4.1780837.
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  - Enns, R., M. A. Eloubeidi, K. Mergener, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, T. M. Pappas, and J. Baillie. “ERCP-related perforations: risk factors and management.” Endoscopy 34, no. 4 (April 2002): 293–98. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-23650.
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  - Mulcahy, H. E., R. S. Patel, G. Postic, M. A. Eloubeidi, J. A. Vaughan, M. Wallace, A. Barkun, et al. “Yield of colonoscopy in patients with nonacute rectal bleeding: a multicenter database study of 1766 patients.” Am J Gastroenterol 97, no. 2 (February 2002): 328–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05465.x.
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  - Noone, P. G., Z. Zhou, L. M. Silverman, P. S. Jowell, M. R. Knowles, and J. A. Cohn. “Cystic fibrosis gene mutations and pancreatitis risk: relation to epithelial ion transport and trypsin inhibitor gene mutations.” Gastroenterology 121, no. 6 (December 2001): 1310–19. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2001.29673.
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  - Onaitis, M. W., R. B. Noone, R. Fields, H. Hurwitz, M. Morse, P. Jowell, K. McGrath, et al. “Complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer does not influence survival.” Ann Surg Oncol 8, no. 10 (December 2001): 801–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10434-001-0801-2.
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  - White, R. R., H. I. Hurwitz, M. A. Morse, C. Lee, M. S. Anscher, E. K. Paulson, M. R. Gottfried, et al. “Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for localized adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.” Ann Surg Oncol 8, no. 10 (December 2001): 758–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10434-001-0758-1.
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  - White, R. R., E. K. Paulson, K. S. Freed, M. T. Keogan, H. I. Hurwitz, C. Lee, M. A. Morse, et al. “Staging of pancreatic cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation.” J Gastrointest Surg 5, no. 6 (November 2001): 626–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1091-255x(01)80105-0.
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  - Wallace, M. B., V. L. Durkalski, J. Vaughan, Y. Y. Palesch, E. D. Libby, P. S. Jowell, N. J. Nickl, S. M. Schutz, J. W. Leung, and P. B. Cotton. “Age and alarm symptoms do not predict endoscopic findings among patients with dyspepsia: a multicentre database study.” Gut 49, no. 1 (July 2001): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.49.1.29.
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  - Onaitis, M. W., R. B. Noone, M. Hartwig, H. Hurwitz, M. Morse, P. Jowell, K. McGrath, et al. “Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer: analysis of clinical outcomes from a 13-year institutional experience.” Ann Surg 233, no. 6 (June 2001): 778–85. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-200106000-00007.
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  - McGrath, K. M., M. S. Ballo, and P. S. Jowell. “Schwannoma of the mediastinum diagnosed by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration.” Gastrointest Endosc 53, no. 3 (March 2001): 362–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(01)70419-1.
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  - Golioto, M., J. Lytle, and P. Jowell. “Re-establishing patency of a small bore feeding tube with complete occlusion- A novel use for an ERCP catheter.” Nutrition in Clinical Practice 16, no. 5 (January 1, 2001): 284–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/088453360101600504.
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  - Hu, D. C., K. M. McGrath, P. S. Jowell, and P. G. Killenberg. “Phlegmonous gastritis: successful treatment with antibiotics and resolution documented by EUS.” Gastrointest Endosc 52, no. 6 (December 2000): 793–95. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2000.108926.
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  - Jowell, P. S., G. Robuck-Mangum, K. Mergener, M. S. Branch, E. D. Purich, and S. H. Fein. “A double-blind, randomized, dose response study testing the pharmacological efficacy of synthetic porcine secretin.” Aliment Pharmacol Ther 14, no. 12 (December 2000): 1679–84. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00881.x.
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  - Anscher, M. S., C. Lee, H. Hurwitz, D. Tyler, L. R. Prosnitz, P. Jowell, G. Rosner, T. Samulski, and M. W. Dewhirst. “A pilot study of preoperative continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil, external microwave hyperthermia, and external beam radiotherapy for treatment of locally advanced, unresectable, or recurrent rectal cancer.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 719–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00473-9.
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  - Cohn, J. A., J. D. Bornstein, and P. S. Jowell. “Cystic fibrosis mutations and genetic predisposition to idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.” Med Clin North Am 84, no. 3 (May 2000): 621–ix. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7125(05)70245-5.
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  - McGrath, K. M., and P. S. Jowell. “Endoscopic ultrasound. State of the art.” N C Med J 61, no. 1 (January 2000): 408–12.
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  - Jowell, P. S. “Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: toward a better understanding of competence.” Endoscopy 31, no. 9 (November 1999): 755–57. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-149.
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  - Mergener, K., J. C. Strobel, P. Suhocki, P. S. Jowell, R. A. Enns, M. S. Branch, and J. Baillie. “The role of ERCP in diagnosis and management of accessory bile duct leaks after cholecystectomy.” Gastrointest Endosc 50, no. 4 (October 1999): 527–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70077-5.
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  - Cohn, J. A., Z. Zhou, J. D. Bornstein, K. J. Friedman, P. S. Jowell, S. M. Branch, J. Baillie, L. M. Silverman, M. R. Knowles, and P. G. Noone. “CFTR mutations and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.” Pediatric Pulmonology 28, no. SUPPL. 19 (September 1, 1999): 130–31.
  - Cohn, J. A., and P. S. Jowell. “Are mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene important in chronic pancreatitis?” Surg Clin North Am 79, no. 4 (August 1999): 723–viii. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(05)70038-4.
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  - Newcomer, M. K., M. J. Shaw, D. M. Williams, and P. S. Jowell. “Unplanned work absence following outpatient colonoscopy.” J Clin Gastroenterol 29, no. 1 (July 1999): 76–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-199907000-00019.
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  - Mergener, K., P. Suhocki, R. Enns, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, and J. Baillie. “Endoscopic nasobiliary drain placement facilitates subsequent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.” Gastrointest Endosc 49, no. 2 (February 1999): 240–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70493-1.
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  - Bloomfeld, R., J. Bornstein, and P. Jowell. “A report of a gastrinoma localized preoperatively by endoscopic ultrasound only and a review of the approach to imaging in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.” Dig Dis 17, no. 5–6 (1999): 316–18. https://doi.org/10.1159/000016957.
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  - Branch, M. S., K. Swartz, R. Enns, J. Baillie, and P. Jowell. “Pseudo-divisum of the pancreas - A source of diagnostic confusion.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Cotton, P. B., J. Vaughan, P. Mauldin, N. Nickl, S. Schutz, E. Libby, and P. Jowell. “Yield of upper endoscopy in dyspepsia; A multicenter database study.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Davis, W. Z., and P. S. Jowell. “Gastroenterology trainee miss-rate for colon polyps: A prospective study of tandem colonoscopic examinations.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Enns, R., K. Vitellas, K. Mergener, R. C. Nelson, E. K. Paulson, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, and J. Baillie. “Diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP are beneficial in the management of pancreatic necrosis.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Enns, R., M. Aloubeidi, K. Mergener, M. S. Branch, P. S. Jowell, and J. Baillie. “Predictors of successful clinical, radiological and laboratory outcomes in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) undergoing ERCP.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Enns, R., M. Eloubeidi, K. Mergener, M. S. Branch, P. S. Jowell, and J. Baillie. “Complications of ERCP in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Enns, R., M. Eloubeidi, K. Mergener, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, and J. Baillie. “Do endoscopic interventions make a difference in primary sclerosing cholangitis? clinical and endoscopic outcomes.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Mergener, K., P. S. Jowell, R. Enns, R. C. Nelson, C. B. Nardi, M. S. Branch, and J. Baillie. “Impact of endoscopic ultrasound on the need for ERCP in a referral center population.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Mergener, K., P. Suhocki, R. Enns, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, and J. Baillie. “Placement of a nasobiliary drain during ERCP facilitates subsequent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Nickl, N., J. Vaughan, P. B. Cotton, P. Jowell, E. Libby, and S. Schutz. “Duration of colonoscopy: The effect of trainee presence on procedure time.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1998).
  - Conover, C. J., F. A. Sloan, D. Provenzale, E. Oddone, P. S. Jowell, and M. L. Mah. “Hospital credentialing for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: is stricter better?” Clin Perform Qual Health Care 6, no. 4 (October 1998): 155–62.
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  - Rubin, J., and P. S. Jowell. “Predictive factors for survival of patients with inoperable malignant distal biliary strictures: a practical management guideline.” Gastrointest Endosc 48, no. 4 (October 1998): 441–42.
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  - Cohn, J. A., K. J. Friedman, P. G. Noone, M. R. Knowles, L. M. Silverman, and P. S. Jowell. “Relation between mutations of the cystic fibrosis gene and idiopathic pancreatitis.” N Engl J Med 339, no. 10 (September 3, 1998): 653–58. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199809033391002.
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  - Mergener, K., P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, and J. Baillie. “Pneumoperitoneum complicating ERCP performed immediately after EUS-guided fine needle aspiration.” Gastrointest Endosc 47, no. 6 (June 1998): 541–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(98)70261-5.
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  - Cotton, P. B., J. E. Geenen, S. Sherman, J. T. Cunningham, D. A. Howell, D. L. Carr-Locke, N. J. Nickl, et al. “Endoscopic sphincterotomy for stones by experts is safe, even in younger patients with normal ducts.” Ann Surg 227, no. 2 (February 1998): 201–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199802000-00008.
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  - Baillie, J., and P. S. Jowell. “Gastroenterology. Lasers come of age.” Lancet 350 Suppl 3 (December 20, 1997): SIII7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(97)90040-4.
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  - Casey, K. J., K. Mergener, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, J. Affronti, and J. Baillie. “Indications for and results of urgent ERCP.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 45, no. 4 (January 1, 1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(97)80404-X.
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  - Catalano, M. F., R. Kozarek, S. Sherman, G. Lehman, J. Baillie, J. Geenen, C. Deitch, et al. “Pancreatic ductal (PD) stones in patients with pancreas divisum: Success of removal and symptomatic improvement: multi-center study.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 45, no. 4 (January 1, 1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(97)80519-6.
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  - Mergener, K., K. Fried, M. Keogan, M. S. Branch, P. S. Jowell, and J. Baillie. “ERCP after Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy rarely succeeds: Could MRCP be the answer?” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 45, no. 4 (January 1, 1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(97)80462-2.
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  - Mergener, K., M. S. Branch, P. S. Jowell, J. Affronti, W. R. Treem, and J. Baillie. “ERCP under general anesthesia (GA): Indications and outcomes.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 45, no. 4 (January 1, 1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(97)80117-4.
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  - Mergener, K., P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, T. N. Pappas, and J. Baillie. “Evidence-based algorithm for management of biliary leaks following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 45, no. 4 (January 1, 1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(97)80463-4.
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  - Strobel, J., M. S. Branch, P. Jowell, T. Pappas, K. Swartz, and J. Baillie. “Accessory bile duct leaks after cholecystectomy: Diagnosis and treatment.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 45, no. 4 (January 1, 1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(97)80501-9.
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  - Jowell, P. S., J. Baillie, M. S. Branch, J. Affronti, C. L. Browning, and B. P. Bute. “Quantitative assessment of procedural competence. A prospective study of training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.” Ann Intern Med 125, no. 12 (December 15, 1996): 983–89. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00009.
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  - Jowell, P. S., G. Eisen, J. Onken, B. P. Bute, and B. Ginsberg. “Patient-controlled analgesia for conscious sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized controlled trial.” Gastrointest Endosc 43, no. 5 (May 1996): 490–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(96)70292-4.
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  - Cotton, P. B., H. Evangelou, J. T. Cunningham, R. H. Hawes, P. R. Tarnasky, A. N. Barkun, P. S. Jowell, J. W. C. Leung, J. G. Lee, and S. M. Schutz. “ERCP biliary stenting practice; A prospective multicenter study.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 43, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 309. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(96)80076-9.
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  - Eisen, G. M., P. Jowell, M. S. Branch, J. Affronti, P. B. Cotton, and J. Baillie. “Prediction of post-ERCP related pancreatitis.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 43, no. 4 (January 1, 1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(96)80455-X.
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  - Jowell, P. S., S. Branch, J. Affronti, B. P. Bute, C. L. Browning, and J. Baillie. “At least 180 ERCPs are needed to attain competence in diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 43, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(96)80096-4.
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  - Mc Andrew, P. T., A. G. Maniatis, P. S. Jowell, M. Keogan, R. Nelson, C. Spritzer, M. S. Branch, and J. Baillie. “A comparison of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and ERCP in the evaluation of chronic pancreatitis.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 43, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 388. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(96)80387-7.
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  - Tarnasky, P. R., P. B. Cotton, J. Baillie, M. S. Branch, J. Affronti, P. Jowell, S. Guarisco, R. E. England, and J. W. Leung. “Proximal migration of biliary stents: attempted endoscopic retrieval in forty-one patients.” Gastrointest Endosc 42, no. 6 (December 1995): 513–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70003-x.
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  - Eisen, G. M., and P. S. Jowell. “Esophageal perforation after ingestion of colon lavage solution.” Am J Gastroenterol 90, no. 11 (November 1995): 2074.
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  - Sharara, A. I., T. H. Le, P. Suhocki, and P. S. Jowell. “Extrahepatic biliary obstruction resulting from a pancreatic pseudoaneurysm.” Gastrointest Endosc 42, no. 2 (August 1995): 176–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70079-x.
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  - Gessner, C. E., P. S. Jowell, and J. Baillie. “Novel methods for endoscopic training.” Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 5, no. 2 (April 1995): 323–36.
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  - May, G. S., P. S. Jowell, J. Baillie, and P. B. Cotton. “Endoscopic palliation of a biliocutaneous fistula with expandable metal stents.” Endoscopy 27, no. 2 (February 1995): 207–9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1005664.
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  - Jowell, P. S. “Assessment of pancreatic duct strictures.” Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 125–43.
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  - Baillie, J., and P. Jowell. “ERCP training in the 1990s. Time for new ideas.” Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 4, no. 2 (April 1994): 409–21.
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  - Jowell, P. S., and J. Baillie. “Towards safer endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).” Gut 35, no. 2 (February 1994): 284. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.35.2.284-a.
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  - Ashdown, B. C., P. V. Suhocki, P. S. Jowell, and W. C. Meyers. “Non-operative management of a common bile duct injury sustained during cholecystectomy in a morbidly obese patient. (Non-operative repair of CBD injury).” Hpb Surg 8, no. 2 (1994): 101–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/1994/14936.
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  - Jowell, P. S., P. B. Cotton, K. Huibregtse, H. G. France, R. V. Erickson, J. Aas, J. W. Ostroff, and R. L. Gordon. “Delivery catheter entrapment during deployment of expandable metal stents.” Gastrointest Endosc 39, no. 2 (March 1993): 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(93)70072-3.
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  - Grech, P., P. Jowell, and P. B. Cotton. “Isolated ventral chronic calcific pancreatitis in pancreas divisum.” Gastrointest Endosc 38, no. 6 (November 1992): 715–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(92)70575-6.
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  - Baillie, J., H. Evangelou, P. Jowell, and P. B. Cotton. “The future of endoscopy simulation: a Duke perspective.” Endoscopy 24 Suppl 2 (July 1992): 542–43. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1010540.
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  - Baillie, J., P. Jowell, H. Evangelou, W. Bickel, and P. Cotton. “Teaching by endoscopy simulation.” Endoscopy 23, no. 4 (July 1991): 239–40. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1010668.
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  - Baillie, J., P. Jowell, H. Evangelou, W. Bickel, and P. Cotton. “Use of computer graphics simulation for teaching of flexible sigmoidoscopy.” Endoscopy 23, no. 3 (May 1991): 126–29. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1010637.
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  - Baillie, J., P. Jowell, H. Evangelou, W. Bickel, P. Cotton, and M. D. Noar. “Teaching by endoscopy simulation [1].” Endoscopy 23, no. 4 (January 1, 1991): 239–40. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1010668.
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  - Glajchen, N., S. Thomas, P. Jowell, S. Epstein, F. Ismail, and M. Fallon. “The effect of high-dose salmon calcitonin on bone mineral metabolism in the normal rat.” Calcif Tissue Int 46, no. 1 (January 1990): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02555821.
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  - Thomas, S., C. Movsowitz, S. Epstein, P. Jowell, and F. Ismail. “The response of circulating parameters of bone mineral metabolism to ethanol- and EDTA-induced hypocalcemia in the rat.” Bone Miner 8, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-6009(91)90135-m.
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  - Glajchen, N., F. Ismail, S. Epstein, P. S. Jowell, and M. Fallon. “The effect of chronic caffeine administration on serum markers of bone mineral metabolism and bone histomorphometry in the rat.” Calcif Tissue Int 43, no. 5 (November 1988): 277–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02556635.
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  - Jowell, P. S., S. Epstein, F. Ismail, B. Hollis, and I. R. Schwartz. “Alteration in osteoblast activity and nutritional vitamin-D deficiency in non-hypercalcemic malignancy.” Calcif Tissue Int 42, no. 1 (January 1988): 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02555834.
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  - Jowell, P. S., S. Epstein, M. D. Fallon, T. A. Reinhardt, and F. Ismail. “1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates glucocorticoid-induced alteration in serum bone Gla protein and bone histomorphometry.” Endocrinology 120, no. 2 (February 1987): 531–36. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-120-2-531.
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- Book Sections
  - Philcox, S., and P. Jowell. “Interventional techniques.” In Contemporary Surgical Management of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreatic Disease, 557–76, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814293068_0044.
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- Conference Papers
  - Wani, Sachin, Samuel Han, Violette Simon, Matthew Hall, Dayna Early, Eva Aagaard, Wasif M. Abidi, et al. “Setting minimum standards for training in EUS and ERCP: results from a prospective multicenter study evaluating learning curves and competence among advanced endoscopy trainees.” In Gastrointest Endosc, 89:1160-1168.e9, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2019.01.030.
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  - Mergener, K., K. S. Freed, E. K. Paulson, R. Enns, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, T. N. Pappas, and J. Baillie. “Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography after pancreaticojejunostomy.” In Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 47, 1998.
  - Maniatis, A. G., R. Roman, M. S. Branch, P. S. Jowell, J. Affronti, T. Pappas, and J. Baillie. “Endoscopic therapy for pancreatic fistulae.” In Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 43, 1996.
  - Mergener, K., P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, J. Affronti, T. N. Pappas, and J. Baillie. “The role of ERCP in the management of biliary leaks following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).” In Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 43, 1996.
  - Mundorf, J. B., P. M. Ahearne, R. A. Vallera, J. Affronti, P. S. Jowell, M. S. Branch, T. N. Pappas, and J. Baillie. “Validation of an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-based algorithm for the management of pancreatic pseudocysts (PP).” In Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 43, 1996.
  - Parent, J., M. S. Branch, P. S. Jowell, J. Affronti, J. Onken, T. Pappas, and J. Baillie. “Predictors of improvement following endoscopic management of chronic pancreatitis.” In Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 43:411-, 1996.
  - Baillie, J., H. Evangelou, P. Jowell, and P. B. Cotton. “The future of endoscopy simulation: A Duke perspective.” In Endoscopy, 24:542–43, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1010540.
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