Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Fellowship, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pediatrics Neonatology, Duke University School of Medicine 2013 - 2016
  • Chief Resident, Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine 2012 - 2013
  • Pediatric Internship and Residency, Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine 2009 - 2012
  • Pediatric Residency, Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine 2009 - 2012
  • M.D., Duke University School of Medicine 2009
• 

  Duke Appointment History

  • Medical Instructor in the Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Primary Care Pediatrics, Pediatrics 2012 - 2013
• Recognition
• 

  In the News

  • APR 6, 2018

    Science

    A delicate balance
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • Duke Summer Training in Academic Research (Duke's STAR) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
  • CISA RTOP 2017-01 Apnea (Lead) - Option 1 awarded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017 - 2021
  • Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid penetration of antimicrobials in infants and juvenile animals awarded by Food and Drug Administration 2016 - 2019
  • CISA RTOP 2017-01 Apnea (Lead) - Base awarded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017 - 2018
  • NIH Summer Research Experience Programs (R25) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2018
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Rivera-Chaparro, ND, Ericson, J, Wu, H, Smith, PB, Clark, RH, Benjamin, DK, Cohen-Wolkowiez, M, and Greenberg, RG. "Safety, Effectiveness and Exposure-response of Micafungin in Infants: Application of an Established Pharmacokinetics Model to Electronic Health Records." The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 38, no. 2 (February 2019): e26-e28.  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Chowdhury, D, Hansen, NI, Smith, PB, Stoll, BJ, Sánchez, PJ, Das, A, Puopolo, KM, Mukhopadhyay, S, Higgins, RD, Cotten, CM, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, . "Prolonged duration of early antibiotic therapy in extremely premature infants." Pediatric Research (January 22, 2019).  Full Text
    • Greene, NH, Greenberg, RG, O'Brien, SM, Kemper, AR, Miranda, ML, Clark, RH, and Smith, PB. "Variation in Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Premature Infants in the United States." American Journal of Perinatology (December 21, 2018).  Full Text
    • Tolia, VN, Bahr, TM, Bennett, MM, Martin, G, Greenberg, RG, Laughon, MM, and Clark, RH. "The Association of Hydrocortisone Dosage on Mortality in Infants Born Extremely Premature." The Journal of Pediatrics (December 21, 2018).  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Gayam, S, Savage, D, Tong, A, Gorham, D, Sholomon, A, Clark, RH, Benjamin, DK, Laughon, M, Smith, PB, and Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act—Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee, . "Furosemide Exposure and Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants." The Journal of Pediatrics (December 20, 2018).  Full Text
    • Ku, LC, Simmons, C, Smith, PB, Greenberg, RG, Fisher, K, Hornik, CD, Cotten, CM, Goldberg, RN, and Bidegain, M. "Intranasal midazolam and fentanyl for procedural sedation and analgesia in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit." Journal of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine (December 11, 2018).  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Smith, PB, Bose, C, Clark, RH, Cotten, CM, and DeRienzo, C. "National Survey of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Medication Safety Practices." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 14 (December 2018): 1419-1422.  Full Text
    • Tolia, VN, Murthy, K, Bennett, MM, Greenberg, RG, Benjamin, DK, Smith, PB, and Clark, RH. "Morphine vs Methadone Treatment for Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome." The Journal of Pediatrics 203 (December 2018): 185-189.  Full Text
    • Gray, KD, Dudash, K, Escobar, C, Freel, C, Harrison, T, McMillan, C, Puia-Dumitrescu, M, Cotten, CM, Benjamin, R, Clark, RH, Benjamin, DK, Greenberg, RG, and Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act–Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee, . "Prevalence and safety of diazoxide in the neonatal intensive care unit." Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association 38, no. 11 (November 2018): 1496-1502.  Full Text
    • Kumar, KR, Clark, DA, Kim, EM, Perry, JD, Wright, K, Thomas, SA, Thompson, EJ, Greenberg, RG, Smith, PB, Benjamin, DK, Laughon, MM, Clark, RH, and Hornik, CP. "Association of Atrial Septal Defects and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants." The Journal of Pediatrics 202 (November 2018): 56-62.e2.  Full Text
    • Romaine, A, Clark, RH, Davis, BR, Hendershot, K, Kite, V, Laughon, M, Updike, I, Miranda, ML, Meier, PP, Patel, AL, Smith, PB, Cotten, CM, Benjamin, DK, and Greenberg, RG. "Predictors of Prolonged Breast Milk Provision to Very Low Birth Weight Infants." The Journal of Pediatrics 202 (November 2018): 23-30.e1.  Full Text
    • Jammeh, ML, Adibe, OO, Tracy, ET, Rice, HE, Clark, RH, Smith, PB, and Greenberg, RG. "Racial/ethnic differences in necrotizing enterocolitis incidence and outcomes in premature very low birth weight infants." Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association 38, no. 10 (October 2018): 1386-1390.  Full Text
    • Wang, LA, Smith, PB, Laughon, M, Goldberg, RN, Ku, LC, Zimmerman, KO, Balevic, S, Clark, RH, Benjamin, DK, Greenberg, RG, and Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act – Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee, . "Prolonged furosemide exposure and risk of abnormal newborn hearing screen in premature infants." Early Human Development 125 (October 2018): 26-30.  Full Text
    • Zimmerman, KO, Wu, H, Laughon, M, Greenberg, RG, Walczak, R, Schulman, SR, Smith, PB, Hornik, CP, Cohen-Wolkowiez, M, and Watt, KM. "Dexmedetomidine Pharmacokinetics and a New Dosing Paradigm in Infants Supported With Cardiopulmonary Bypass." Anesthesia and Analgesia (August 22, 2018).  Full Text
    • Thompson, EJ, Greenberg, RG, Kumar, K, Laughon, M, Smith, PB, Clark, RH, Crowell, A, Shaw, L, Harrison, L, Scales, G, Bell, N, and Hornik, CP. "Association between Furosemide Exposure and Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Hospitalized Infants of Very Low Birth Weight." The Journal of Pediatrics 199 (August 2018): 231-236.  Full Text
    • Gulack, BC, Greenberg, R, Clark, RH, Miranda, ML, Blakely, ML, Rice, HE, Adibe, OO, Tracy, ET, and Smith, PB. "A multi-institution analysis of predictors of timing of inguinal hernia repair among premature infants." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 53, no. 4 (April 2018): 784-788.  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Corneli, A, Bradley, J, Farley, J, Jafri, HS, Lin, L, Nambiar, S, Noel, GJ, Wheeler, C, Tiernan, R, Smith, PB, Roberts, J, and Benjamin, DK. "Perceived barriers to pediatrician and family practitioner participation in pediatric clinical trials: Findings from the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative." Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 9 (March 2018): 7-12.  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Gamel, B, Bloom, D, Bradley, J, Jafri, HS, Hinton, D, Nambiar, S, Wheeler, C, Tiernan, R, Smith, PB, Roberts, J, and Benjamin, DK. "Parents' perceived obstacles to pediatric clinical trial participation: Findings from the clinical trials transformation initiative." Contemporary clinical trials communications 9 (March 2018): 33-39.  Full Text
    • Heath, TS, Greenberg, RG, Hupp, SR, Turner, DA, Hornik, CP, and Zimmerman, KO. "Effects of Methadone on Corrected Q-T Interval Prolongation in Critically Ill Children." The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : Jppt : the Official Journal of Ppag 23, no. 2 (March 2018): 119-124.  Full Text
    • Testoni, D, Hornik, CP, Guinsburg, R, Clark, RH, Greenberg, RG, Benjamin, DK, and Smith, PB. "Early lumbar puncture and risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants." Early Human Development 117 (February 2018): 1-6.  Full Text
    • Lee, JH, Greenberg, RG, Quek, BH, Clark, RH, Laughon, MM, Smith, PB, and Hornik, CP. "Association between early echocardiography, therapy for patent ductus arteriosus, and outcomes in very low birth weight infants." Cardiology in the Young 27, no. 9 (November 2017): 1732-1739.  Full Text
    • Schueller, M, Greenberg, RG, Smith, PB, Laughon, MM, Clark, RH, and Hornik, CP. "In-Hospital Outcomes Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Retrospective Cohort of Infants." American journal of perinatology 34, no. 13 (November 2017): 1347-1353.  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Wu, H, Laughon, M, Capparelli, E, Rowe, S, Zimmerman, KO, Smith, PB, and Cohen-Wolkowiez, M. "Population Pharmacokinetics of Dexmedetomidine in Infants." Journal of clinical pharmacology 57, no. 9 (September 2017): 1174-1182.  Full Text
    • Rivera-Chaparro, ND, Cohen-Wolkowiez, M, and Greenberg, RG. "Dosing antibiotics in neonates: review of the pharmacokinetic data." Future Microbiology 12 (September 2017): 1001-1016.  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Kandefer, S, Do, BT, Smith, PB, Stoll, BJ, Bell, EF, Carlo, WA, Laptook, AR, Sánchez, PJ, Shankaran, S, Van Meurs, KP, Ball, MB, Hale, EC, Newman, NS, Das, A, Higgins, RD, Cotten, CM, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, . "Late-onset Sepsis in Extremely Premature Infants: 2000-2011." The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 36, no. 8 (August 2017): 774-779.  Full Text
    • Ravisankar, S, Kuehn, D, Clark, RH, Greenberg, RG, Smith, PB, and Hornik, CP. "Antihypertensive drug exposure in premature infants from 1997 to 2013." Cardiology in the young 27, no. 5 (July 2017): 905-911.  Full Text
    • McCrary, AW, Page, LC, Tatum, GH, Greenberg, RG, Wechsler, SB, and Balikcioglu, PG. "Case 3: Respiratory distress and tachycardia in a preterm neonate." Neoreviews 18, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): e392-e394.  Full Text
    • Virkud, YV, Hornik, CP, Benjamin, DK, Laughon, MM, Clark, RH, Greenberg, RG, and Smith, PB. "Respiratory Support for Very Low Birth Weight Infants Receiving Dexamethasone." The Journal of Pediatrics 183 (April 2017): 26-30.e3.  Full Text
    • Parente, V, Clark, RH, Ku, L, Fennell, C, Johnson, M, Morris, E, Romaine, A, Utin, U, Benjamin, DK, Messina, JA, Smith, PB, and Greenberg, RG. "Risk factors for group B streptococcal disease in neonates of mothers with negative antenatal testing." Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association 37, no. 2 (February 2017): 157-161.  Full Text
    • Ku, LC, Wu, H, Greenberg, RG, Hill, KD, Gonzalez, D, Hornik, CP, Berezny, A, Guptill, JT, Jiang, W, Zheng, N, Cohen-Wolkowiez, M, and Melloni, C. "Use of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Electronic Health Record Data, and Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Determine the Therapeutic Index of Phenytoin and Lamotrigine." Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 38, no. 6 (December 2016): 728-737.  Full Text
    • Rudra, S, Adibe, OO, Malcolm, WF, Smith, PB, Cotten, CM, and Greenberg, RG. "Gastrostomy tube placement in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Frequency, predictors, and growth outcomes." Early Human Development 103 (December 2016): 97-100.  Full Text
    • Lee, JH, Greenberg, RG, Quek, BH, Clark, RH, Laughon, MM, Smith, PB, and Hornik, CP. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EARLY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS THERAPY, AND OUTCOMES IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS." EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 175, no. 11 (November 2016): 1581-1582.  Link to Item
    • Zimmerman, KO, Wu, H, Greenberg, R, Guptill, JT, Hill, K, Patel, UD, Ku, L, Gonzalez, D, Hornik, C, Jiang, W, Zheng, N, Melloni, C, and Cohen-Wolkowiez, M. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Electronic Health Records, and Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Evaluate Sirolimus Drug Exposure-Response Relationships in Renal Transplant Patients." Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 38, no. 5 (October 2016): 600-606.  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Melloni, C, Wu, H, Gonzalez, D, Ku, L, Hill, KD, Hornik, CP, Cohen-Wolkowiez, M, and Guptill, JT. "Therapeutic Index Estimation of Antiepileptic Drugs: A Systematic Literature Review Approach." Clinical neuropharmacology 39, no. 5 (September 2016): 232-240. (Review)  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Cochran, KM, Smith, PB, Edson, BS, Schulman, J, Lee, HC, Govindaswami, B, Pantoja, A, Hardy, D, Curran, J, Lin, D, Kuo, S, Noguchi, A, Ittmann, P, Duncan, S, Gupta, M, Picarillo, A, Karna, P, Cohen, M, Giuliano, M, Carroll, S, Page, B, Guzman-Cottrill, J, Walker, MW, Garland, J, Ancona, JK, Ellsbury, DL, Laughon, MM, and McCaffrey, MJ. "Effect of Catheter Dwell Time on Risk of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in Infants." Pediatrics 136, no. 6 (December 2015): 1080-1086.  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, and Benjamin, DK. "Neonatal candidiasis: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment." The Journal of infection 69 Suppl 1 (November 2014): S19-S22. (Review)  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Benjamin, DK, Gantz, MG, Cotten, CM, Stoll, BJ, Walsh, MC, Sánchez, PJ, Shankaran, S, Das, A, Higgins, RD, Miller, NA, Auten, KJ, Walsh, TJ, Laptook, AR, Carlo, WA, Kennedy, KA, Finer, NN, Duara, S, Schibler, K, Ehrenkranz, RA, Van Meurs, KP, Frantz, ID, Phelps, DL, Poindexter, BB, Bell, EF, O'Shea, TM, Watterberg, KL, Goldberg, RN, Smith, PB, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, . "Empiric antifungal therapy and outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants with invasive candidiasis." The Journal of Pediatrics 161, no. 2 (August 2012): 264-9.e2.  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Benjamin, DK, Cohen-Wolkowiez, M, Clark, RH, Cotten, CM, Laughon, M, and Smith, PB. "Repeat lumbar punctures in infants with meningitis in the neonatal intensive care unit." J Perinatol 31, no. 6 (June 2011): 425-429.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Bidegain, M, Greenberg, R, Simmons, C, Dang, C, Cotten, CM, and Smith, PB. "Vasopressin for refractory hypotension in extremely low birth weight infants." J Pediatr 157, no. 3 (September 2010): 502-504.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Greenberg, RG, Moran, C, Ulshen, M, Smith, PB, Benjamin, DK, and Cohen-Wolkowiez, M. "Outcomes of catheter-associated infections in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 50, no. 4 (April 2010): 460-462.  Full Text
    • Greenberg, RG, Smith, PB, Cotten, CM, Moody, MA, Clark, RH, and Benjamin, DK. "Traumatic lumbar punctures in neonates: test performance of the cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count." The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 27, no. 12 (December 2008): 1047-1051.  Full Text

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