Scholars@Duke
Rebecca Ann Schroeder

Rebecca Ann Schroeder

Adjunct Associate in the Department of Anesthesiology
Anesthesiology, VA Anesthesiology Service
rebecca.schroeder@duke.edu
Box 3094 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
D 5005 VAMC, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

Retrospective Analysis of the Association of Preoperative Sex Hormone Therapy With the Development of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · September 23, 2025 BACKGROUND: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) worsens surgical outcomes. Previous studies have observed an age- and sex-dependent effect on postoperative AKI rates. The objective of our study was to determine whether preoperative exposure to male or ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicentre analysis of severe perioperative adverse events in children undergoing surgery who were infected with SARS-CoV-2: a propensity score-adjusted analysis.

Journal Article Br J Anaesth · February 2025 BACKGROUND: The incidence of severe adverse events in children with SARS-CoV-2 undergoing anaesthesia has not been well established. We examined the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe perioperative adverse events in children. METHODS: Thi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Serial Urinary C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14 and Risk of Persistent Severe Acute Kidney Injury

Journal Article Critical Care Explorations · March 1, 2023 OBJECTIVES: To assess the added prognostic value of serial monitoring of urinary C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (uCCL14) over that of single measurements, which have been shown to be prognostic for development of persistent severe acute kidney injury (AKI) ... Full text Cite

Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury by Age and Sex: A Retrospective Cohort Association Study.

Journal Article Anesthesiology · February 1, 2023 BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after noncardiac surgery is common and has substantial health impact. Preclinical and clinical studies examining the influence of sex on AKI have yielded conflicting results, although they typically do not account for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between choice of reversal agent for neuromuscular block and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients at increased risk undergoing non-emergency surgery: STIL-STRONGER, a multicentre matched cohort study.

Journal Article Br J Anaesth · January 2023 BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications are a source of morbidity after major surgery. In patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications we sought to assess the association between neuromuscular blocking agent reversal agent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mutual information: Measuring nonlinear dependence in longitudinal epidemiological data.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2023 Given a large clinical database of longitudinal patient information including many covariates, it is computationally prohibitive to consider all types of interdependence between patient variables of interest. This challenge motivates the use of mutual info ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of race on utilization of durable left ventricular assist device therapy in patients with advanced heart failure.

Journal Article J Card Surg · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Heart failure affects >6 million people in the United States alone and is most prevalent in Black patients who suffer the highest mortality risk. Yet prior studies have suggested that Black patients are less likely to receive advanced heart fai ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Performance of a Standardized Clinical Assay for Urinary C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14 (CCL14) for Persistent Severe Acute Kidney Injury.

Journal Article Kidney360 · July 28, 2022 BACKGROUND: Clinical use of biomarkers requires the development of standardized assays and establishment of cutoffs. Urinary C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) has been validated to predict persistent severe AKI in critically ill patients with establish ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification and validation of biomarkers of persistent acute kidney injury: the RUBY study.

Journal Article Intensive Care Med · May 2020 PURPOSE: The aim of the RUBY study was to evaluate novel candidate biomarkers to enable prediction of persistence of renal dysfunction as well as further understand potential mechanisms of kidney tissue damage and repair in acute kidney injury (AKI). METHO ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preoperative Disability in US Veterans.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · February 10, 2020 Using the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-12), we measured the prevalence of disability in all eligible patients during a 4-month period who were presenting for preoperative evaluation at a US Veterans Affairs hospi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preoperative Blood Management Strategy for Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Journal Article J Healthc Qual · 2019 To improve quality and outcomes, a preoperative anemia clinic (PAC) was established to screen, evaluate, and manage preoperative anemia. A retrospective review of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty patients from August 2013 to September 2017 wa ... Full text Link to item Cite

In Reply.

Journal Article Anesthesiology · November 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

Extrema-weighted feature extraction for functional data.

Journal Article Bioinformatics · July 15, 2018 MOTIVATION: Although there is a rich literature on methods for assessing the impact of functional predictors, the focus has been on approaches for dimension reduction that do not suit certain applications. Examples of standard approaches include functional ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of A1C and Glucose on Postoperative Mortality in Noncardiac and Cardiac Surgeries.

Conference Diabetes Care · April 2018 OBJECTIVE: Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) is used in assessment of patients for elective surgeries because hyperglycemia increases risk of adverse events. However, the interplay of A1C, glucose, and surgical outcomes remains unclarified, with often only two of these ... Full text Link to item Cite

Temporal Trends in Difficult and Failed Tracheal Intubation in a Regional Community Anesthetic Practice.

Journal Article Anesthesiology · March 2018 BACKGROUND: When tracheal intubation is difficult or unachievable before surgery or during an emergent resuscitation, this is a critical safety event. Consensus algorithms and airway devices have been introduced in hopes of reducing such occurrences. Howev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Operating Room-to-ICU Patient Handovers: A Multidisciplinary Human-Centered Design Approach.

Journal Article Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf · September 2016 BACKGROUND: Patient handovers (handoffs) following surgery have often been characterized by poor teamwork, unclear procedures, unstructured processes, and distractions. A study was conducted to apply a human-centered approach to the redesign of operating r ... Full text Link to item Cite

How do we develop and implement a preoperative anemia clinic designed to improve perioperative outcomes and reduce cost?

Journal Article Transfusion · February 2016 Treatment of anemia is one of the four pillars of patient blood management programs. Preoperative anemia is common and associated with increased perioperative morbidity after surgery and increased rates of blood transfusion. Effective treatment of preopera ... Full text Link to item Cite

In situ simulated cardiac arrest exercises to detect system vulnerabilities.

Journal Article Simul Healthc · June 2015 INTRODUCTION: Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death in the United States. Despite new therapies, progress in this area has been slow, and outcomes remain poor even in the hospital setting, where providers, drugs, and devices are readily avail ... Full text Link to item Cite

Handovers from the OR to the ICU.

Journal Article Int Anesthesiol Clin · 2013 Full text Link to item Cite

Can we make postoperative patient handovers safer? A systematic review of the literature.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · July 2012 Postoperative patient handovers are fraught with technical and communication errors and may negatively impact patient safety. We systematically reviewed the literature on handover of care from the operating room to postanesthesia or intensive care units an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Right-Sided Valvular Disease

Chapter · December 7, 2011 Full text Cite

Surgical capacity building in Uganda through twinning, technology, and training camps.

Journal Article World J Surg · June 2011 BACKGROUND: Neurosurgical capacity is extremely deficient in East African countries where 27 neurosurgeons serve more than 250 million people. To build capacity, the Duke University Medical Center and New Mulago Hospital in Uganda applied a two-pronged twi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Massive thromboembolism captured by real-time echocardiography

Journal Article Journal of Surgical Radiology · January 1, 2010 Full text Cite

Will the clinicians support the researchers and teachers? Results of a salary satisfaction survey of 947 academic surgeons.

Journal Article Ann Surg · September 2009 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether academic surgeons are satisfied with their salaries, and if they are willing to forego some compensation to support departmental academic endeavors. BACKGROUND: Increasing financial constraints have led many academic surgery ... Full text Link to item Cite

"Ghost" publications among applicants to a general surgery residency program.

Journal Article J Am Coll Surg · October 2008 OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of potentially fraudulent (or "ghost") publications in applications to a general surgery residency program. METHODS: Electronic Residency Application Services applications submitted in 2005 to the general surgery resid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Financial Considerations

Journal Article · January 1, 2007 Full text Cite

Predictive indices of morbidity and mortality after liver resection.

Journal Article Ann Surg · March 2006 OBJECTIVE: To determine if use of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores to elective resections accurately predicts short-term morbidity or mortality. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: MELD scores have been validated in the setting of end-stage liver disea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is the valve OK or not? Immediate evaluation of a replaced aortic valve.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · November 2005 Featured Publication Transesophageal echocardiography is a crucial tool in intraoperative evaluation of newly implanted/repaired heart valves because suspected valvular malfunction needs to be identified and sometimes surgically corrected. Although color Doppler is often adequ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonic valve endocarditis in a normal heart.

Journal Article J Am Soc Echocardiogr · February 2005 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Intraoperative fluid management during orthotopic liver transplantation.

Journal Article J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth · August 2004 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical safety of a low central venous pressure (CVP) fluid management strategy in patients undergoing liver transplantation. DESIGN: Retrospective record review comparing 2 transplant centers, one using the low CVP method and the oth ... Full text Link to item Cite

Determining benchmarks for evaluation and management coding in an academic division of general surgery.

Journal Article J Am Coll Surg · July 2004 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Academic divisions of general surgery are facing ever-increasing financial pressures. Cost-cutting is a common approach to maintaining profitability, but strategies to increase revenue should not be ignored. One specific avenue for enhanced rev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimization of operating room allocation using linear programming techniques.

Journal Article J Am Coll Surg · December 2003 BACKGROUND: New and innovative approaches must be used to rationally allocate scarce resources such as operating room time while simultaneously optimizing the associated financial return. In this article we use the technique of linear programming to optimi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tolerance and the "Holy Grail" of transplantation.

Journal Article J Surg Res · May 1, 2003 Advances in transplantation biology have greatly improved patient outcomes following transplant surgery. However, generalized immunosuppression remains the Achilles heel of modern transplantation surgery with its associated infectious and neoplastic morbid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Organ donation and treatment of the multi-organ donor

Journal Article CURRENT PROBLEMS IN SURGERY · May 1, 2003 Link to item Cite

Emergencies after liver transplantation.

Journal Article Semin Gastrointest Dis · April 2003 Featured Publication Liver transplantation has become the procedure of choice for a wide variety of patients with end-stage liver disease. Perioperative morbidity and mortality have decreased dramatically over the past two decades, and superior graft and patient survival rates ... Link to item Cite

Nitric oxide is necessary for CC-class chemokine expression in endotoxin-stimulated ANA-1 murine macrophages.

Journal Article Immunol Lett · January 1, 2002 The production of nitric oxide (NO) in response to endotoxin (LPS)-stimulation is associated with a myriad of NO-dependent regulatory functions. The study of NO-dependent genetic programs in the setting of endotoxin stimulation can be aided by determinatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Osteopontin is a negative feedback regulator of nitric oxide synthesis in murine macrophages.

Journal Article J Immunol · January 15, 2001 In a system of endotoxin (LPS)-mediated NO production in ANA-1 murine macrophages, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify genes up-regulated by NO. Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted acidic phosphoprotein that binds to a cell surface RGD int ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary expression of iNOS and HO-1 protein is upregulated in a rat model of prehepatic portal hypertension.

Journal Article Dig Dis Sci · December 2000 Featured Publication Portal hypertension is associated with a wide range of pulmonary pathophysiologies, ranging from portopulmonary hypertension to hepatopulmonary syndrome. Although the clinical and pathological features of pulmonary dysfunction in this setting have been ext ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nitric oxide-dependent ribosomal RNA cleavage is associated with inhibition of ribosomal peptidyl transferase activity in ANA-1 murine macrophages.

Journal Article J Immunol · October 1, 2000 NO can regulate specific cellular functions by altering transcriptional programs and protein reactivity. With respect to global cellular processes, NO has also been demonstrated to inhibit total protein synthesis and cell proliferation. The underlying mech ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of aerosolized inhaled epoprostenol in the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension.

Journal Article Transplantation · August 15, 2000 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Portopulmonary hypertension is a known complication in the liver transplant candidate. Intravenous epoprostenol has been demonstrated to decrease pulmonary artery pressures and possibly remodel right ventricle geometry. METHODS: In this report, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraoperative use of inhaled PGI(2) for acute pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · August 2000 Inhaled prostacyclin (PGI(2)) can be used as an effective pulmonary vasodilator intraoperatively to treat pulmonary hypertension and impending right ventricular failure. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Superoxide enhances interleukin 1beta-mediated transcription of the hepatocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene.

Journal Article Gastroenterology · March 2000 BACKGROUND & AIMS: Exposure to oxidative stress, as in states of shock, ischemia-reperfusion injury, or sepsis, commonly initiates a complex cellular cascade of interlocking redox modulatory systems that detoxify electrophiles. In interleukin 1beta (IL-1be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endotoxin-mediated nitric oxide synthesis inhibits IL-1beta gene transcription in ANA-1 murine macrophages.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · September 1999 On the basis of previous work demonstrating nitric oxide (NO)-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA binding, we hypothesized that NO downregulates NF-kappaB-dependent interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production in an ANA-1 macrophage mod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Redox regulation of the rat hepatocyte iNOS promoter.

Journal Article Surgery · August 1999 BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to define the redox sensitive cis-acting transcriptional mechanisms that regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter function in the hepatocyte. METHODS: Clonal deletion constructs of the rat hepatocyt ... Link to item Cite

Portopulmonary hypertension and the liver transplant candidate.

Journal Article Transplantation · April 27, 1999 The management of the liver transplant (OLT) candidate with portopulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) has dramatically changed in the past 3 years. Careful preoperative evaluation with functional characterization of right ventricular function plays a critical ro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endotoxin-mediated S-nitrosylation of p50 alters NF-kappa B-dependent gene transcription in ANA-1 murine macrophages.

Journal Article J Immunol · April 1, 1999 Nitric oxide (NO) regulates cellular function, in part, by S-nitrosylating active site thiol groups of proteins. Ex vivo S-nitrosylation of NF-kappa B p50 significantly decreases its capacity for DNA binding. To determine the cellular relevance of this obs ... Link to item Cite

Differential effects of nitric oxide-mediated S-nitrosylation on p50 and c-jun DNA binding.

Journal Article Surgery · August 1998 BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a variety of cellular functions. One mechanism by which NO may exert its influence is through formation of S-nitrosothiols at critical thiol residues in protein-active sites, including those of nuclear protein transc ... Link to item Cite

Interleukin 1beta-stimulated production of nitric oxide in rat hepatocytes is mediated through endogenous synthesis of interferon gamma.

Journal Article Hepatology · March 1998 The multiple interlocking regulatory mechanisms that underlie induction of hepatocyte inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression are largely unknown. Although previous work has indicated the requirement for multiple proinflammatory cytokines to indu ... Full text Link to item Cite

CD14-de pendent mechanism for endotoxin-mediated nitric oxide synthesis in murine macrophages

Journal Article American Journal of Physiology · December 1, 1997 -Endotoxin-mediated macrophage synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) is associated with immune effector function, intercellular communication, leukocyte adhesion, vascular integrity, and neurotransmission. However, little is known of the cellular receptor and sig ... Cite

Alteration of NF-kappa B p50 DNA binding kinetics by S-nitrosylation.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · September 29, 1997 Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide variety of cellular functions, in part, by formation of S-NO bonds at critical active site thiol groups within proteins, including transcription factors. Previous studies have qualitatively demonstrated that S-nitrosothio ... Full text Link to item Cite

CD14-dependent mechanism for endotoxin-mediated nitric oxide synthesis in murine macrophages.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · September 1997 Endotoxin-mediated macrophage synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) is associated with immune effector function, intercellular communication, leukocyte adhesion, vascular integrity, and neurotransmission. However, little is known of the cellular receptor and sign ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endotoxin-mediated synthesis of nitric oxide is dependent on Gq protein signal transduction.

Journal Article Surgery · August 1997 BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous multifunctional free radical produced during sepsis, shock, reperfusion injury, and allograft rejection. Many studies are presently evaluating the functional roles of NO production in these settings. However, t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nitric oxide and acetaminophen-mediated oxidative injury: modulation of interleukin-1-induced nitric oxide synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes.

Journal Article J Pharmacol Exp Ther · August 1997 The role of endogenous hepatocyte synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in states of oxidative stress is largely unknown. In a model of rat hepatocytes in primary culture, NO production was induced by exposure to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta, 50 ng/ml). Acetaminop ... Link to item Cite

Oxidative stress increases hepatocyte iNOS gene transcription and promoter activity.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · May 19, 1997 Hepatocyte expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is initiated by the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1). In the presence of oxidative stress, IL-1beta mediated hepatocyte iNOS expression and NO synthesis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Portopulmonary hypertension: Evolving concepts and therapy

Journal Article Transplantation Reviews · January 1, 1997 Full text Cite

Volume-mediated pulmonary responses in liver transplant candidates.

Journal Article Clin Transplant · December 1996 Pulmonary hypertension, defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) greater than or equal to 25 mmHg, is a recognized complication of hepatic dysfunction with portal hypertension and is considered a relative contraindication to liver transplantation. ... Link to item Cite

Interleukin-1-induced nitric oxide production modulates glutathione synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · September 1996 In cultured rat hepatocytes, we have previously demonstrated that inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is associated with depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) in toxin-mediated oxidative injury. To further ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nitric oxide: physiology and pharmacology.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · November 1995 Full text Link to item Cite

The emerging multifaceted roles of nitric oxide.

Journal Article Ann Surg · March 1995 Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive free radical with a multitude of organ specific regulatory functions. Since 1985, NO has been the subject of numerous research efforts and as a result, has been found to play a major role in the cardiovascular, pulmon ... Full text Link to item Cite

A safe approach to the treatment of iliac artery aneurysms. Aortobifemoral bypass grafting with exclusion of the aneurysm.

Journal Article Am Surg · October 1991 Aneurysms of the iliac arterial system are often difficult to approach surgically. Aortobifemoral (ABF) bypass grafting with exclusion of the aneurysms can be used as an alternative to the usually recommended approach of endoaneurysmorrhaphy. Fourteen pati ... Link to item Cite

Coronary revascularization rather than cardiac transplantation for chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Journal Article Ann Surg · September 1989 Patients with very poor ventricular function have been thought to be highly vulnerable to elective myocardial revascularization. Ischemic cardiomyopathy is now the major indication for cardiac transplantation. The 2-year survival of medically treated patie ... Full text Link to item Cite