Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Ph.D., University of California - Santa Barbara 1969
  • B.A., Stanford University 1965
• 

  Previous Appointments & Affiliations

  • Research Professor in the Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment 2011 - 2015
  • Research Professor in the Department of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2011 - 2014
  • Professor of Zoology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1988 - 2010
  • Professor with Tenure, Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment 1992 - 2010
  • Professor of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2004 - 2010
  • Chair, Division of Coastal Systems Science and Policy, Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment 2001 - 2004
  • Lee Hill Snowdon Professor of Zoology in the Nicholas School of the Environment, Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment 1999 - 2003
  • Associate Professor with Tenure, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1977 - 1988
  • Assistant Professor, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1971 - 1977
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • REU Site: Undergraduate Research in Estuarine and Coastal Marine Systems awarded by  National Science Foundation 2021 - 2024
  • REU Site: Undergraduate Research in Estuarine and Coastal Marine Systems awarded by  National Science Foundation 2015 - 2021
  • REU: Undergraduate Research in Estuarine and Coastal Marine Systems awarded by  National Science Foundation 2012 - 2016
  • REU: Undergraduate Research in Estuarine and Coastal Marine Systems awarded by  National Science Foundation 2009 - 2013
  • Distribution and transport of Blue crab megalopae awarded by NC Sea Grant 2007 - 2008
  • Blue crab post-larval immigration into an estuary awarded by NC Sea Grant 2006 - 2007
  • Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate "Karenia brevis" on copepod survival, feeding, swimming behavior, and photobehaviors involved in diel vertical migration. awarded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2002 - 2006
  • Seasonal Pattern of Blue Crab Post-Larval Immigration into an Estuary awarded by North Carolina State University 2004 - 2006
  • Collaborative Research: Estuarine Crab Transport: awarded by  National Science Foundation 2002 - 2006
  • Collaborative Research: A Multidisciplinary Study of Selective Tidal-Stream Transport: Bio-Physical Coupling and Behavioral Mechanisms awarded by  National Science Foundation 2001 - 2004
  • Reproductive potential and migratory movements of mature female blue crabs awarded by NC Sea Grant 2001 - 2003
  • A Multidisiplinary Study of Selective Tidal-Stream Transport: Biophysical Coupling and Behavioral Mechanisms awarded by  National Science Foundation 2001 - 2003
  • Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REUs) awarded by  National Science Foundation 1999 - 2002
  • Brevetoxin Exposure Experiments awarded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2001 - 2002
  • Settlement Site Location and Development of an Estuarine Crustacean: Response to Chemical and Current Cues awarded by  National Science Foundation 1999 - 2001
  • Transport of Fish Larvae Through a Tidal Inlet awarded by NC Sea Grant 1997 - 1998
  • Behavioral Basis of Estuarine Transport of Atlantic Menhaden and Spot Larvae awarded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1995 - 1997
  • Behavioral Basis of Estuarine Transport of Atlantic Menhaden and Spot Larvae awarded by NC Sea Grant 1995 - 1997
  • Habitat Selection by Blue Crab Postlarvae awarded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1995 - 1996
  • Zooplankton Photoresponses during Diel Vertical Migration: Modification by Chemical Cues from Predators awarded by  National Science Foundation 1993 - 1995
  • Behavioral Basis of Estuarine Transport of Atlantic Menhaden and Spot Larvae awarded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1993 - 1995
  • Zooplankton Photoresponses during Diel Vertical Migration: Modification by Chemical Cues from Predators awarded by  National Science Foundation 1993 - 1994
  • Behavioral Basis of Estuarine Transport of Atlantic Menhaden and Spot Larvae awarded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1993 - 1994
  • Behavioral Basis of Flood Tide Transport by Crustacean Larvae awarded by  National Science Foundation 1992 - 1993
  • Mechanism of Depth Regulation of Atlantic Memhadon and Spot Larvae During Onshore Transport awarded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1992 - 1993
  • Recruitment Experiment Study Under Estuarine Energetic Dynamics (RESEED) awarded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1992 - 1993
  • Evaluation of Larval Transport Models Through Field Experiments Using a Programmable, Vertically Migrating "Zooplankton Mimic" awarded by  National Science Foundation 1989 - 1993
  • Regulation of Crustacean Larval Release awarded by  National Science Foundation 1987 - 1990
  • Response of Crustacean Larvae to Environmental Factors awarded by  National Science Foundation 1986 - 1990
  • Regulation of Crustacan larval release. awarded by  National Science Foundation 1987 - 1989
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Waite, H. R., K. G. Sanchez, and R. B. Forward. “Entrainment of the circadian rhythm in larval release of the crab Dyspanopeus sayi by temperature cycles.” Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 50, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2017.1304152.
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    • Welch, J. M., K. A. Reinsel, E. E. Waddell, A. J. Wright, and R. B. Forward. “Chemical cues from adult fiddler crabs stimulate molting of conspecific megalopae: Evidence from field-caught individuals.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 553 (July 14, 2016): 147–53. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11749.
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    • Forward, Richard B., Kevin G. Sanchez, and Paul P. Riley. “Entrainment of the Circadian Rhythm in Egg Hatching of the Crab Dyspanopeus sayi by Chemical Cues from Ovigerous Females.” The Biological Bulletin 230, no. 1 (February 2016): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1086/bblv230n1p15.
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    • Reinsel, K. A., J. M. Welch, A. O. Romero, E. M. Parks, K. M. McQueen, M. J. Smith, A. L. Price, et al. “Planktonic ingress of fiddler crab megalopae to the Newport River Estuary, NC: Evidence for semilunar periodicity in Uca pugnax and species-specific sampling bias by hog's hair larval collectors.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 523 (March 16, 2015): 105–13. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11194.
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    • Welch, J. M., K. A. Reinsel, K. A. Battles, A. O. Romero, J. M. Blaine, R. L. Sendi, and R. B. Forward. “Settlement of fiddler crab megalopae on a North Carolina (USA) sandflat: Species identification using multiplex PCR provides evidence for selective settlement.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 523 (March 16, 2015): 115–23. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11166.
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    • Forward, Richard B., Bianca P. Moeller, and Jonathan H. Cohen. “Circadian rhythm in larval release by the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii: entrainment model.” The Biological Bulletin 226, no. 2 (April 2014): 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1086/bblv226n2p92.
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    • Ogburn, M. B., and R. B. Forward. “Effect of sampling interval on estimates of larval supply.” Fishery Bulletin 110, no. 4 (October 11, 2012): 451–57.
    • Ramus, Aaron P., and Richard B. Forward. “The physiological ecology of the supratidal amphipod Talorchestia longicornis.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology 161, no. 2 (February 2012): 159–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.10.021.
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    • Young, Morgan, Michael Salmon, and Richard Forward. “Visual wavelength discrimination by the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta.” The Biological Bulletin 222, no. 1 (February 2012): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1086/bblv222n1p46.
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    • Ogburn, M. B., M. Hall, and R. B. Forward. “Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) larval settlement in North Carolina: Environmental forcing, recruit-stock relationships, and numerical modeling.” Fisheries Oceanography 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00606.x.
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    • Ogburn, M. B., K. C. Stuck, R. W. Heard, S. Y. Wang, and R. B. Forward. “Seasonal variability in morphology of blue crab, callinectes sapidus, megalopae and early juvenile stage crabs, and distinguishing characteristics among co-occurring portunidae.” Journal of Crustacean Biology 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 106–13. https://doi.org/10.1651/09-3241.1.
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    • Ziegler, Tracy A., Jonathan H. Cohen, and Richard B. Forward. “Proximate control of diel vertical migration in Phyllosoma larvae of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus.” The Biological Bulletin 219, no. 3 (December 2010): 207–19. https://doi.org/10.1086/bblv219n3p207.
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    • Cohen, Jonathan H., Thomas W. Cronin, Nicolas Lessios, and Richard B. Forward. “Visual physiology underlying orientation and diel behavior in the sand beach amphipod Talorchestia longicornis.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 213, no. Pt 22 (November 2010): 3843–51. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.048686.
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    • Forward, R. B., E. Freeman, K. Gall, and K. Saba. “Seasonal changes in entrainment cues for the circadian rhythm of the supratidal amphipod Talorchestia longicornis.” Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 43, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 305–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2010.523988.
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    • Darnell, M. Z., D. Rittschof, and R. J. B. Forward. “Endogenous swimming rhythms underlying the spawning migration of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus: Ontogeny and variation with ambient tidal regime.” Marine Biology 157, no. 11 (July 13, 2010): 2415–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1506-5.
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    • Walsh, M. E., M. H. Bourla, C. M. Sabella, and R. B. Forward. “Hierarchy of sun, beach slope, and landmarks as cues for Y-axis orientation of the supratidal amphipod Talorchestia longicornis (Say).” Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 43, no. 3 (July 8, 2010): 203–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2010.490325.
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    • Forward, R. B., E. Freeman, K. Gall, and K. Saba. “Seasonal changes in entrainment cues for the circadian rhythm of the supratidal amphipod Talorchestia longicornis.” Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 43, no. 305–319 (2010).
    • Walsh, M. E., M. H. Bourla, C. M. Sabella, and R. B. Forward Jr. “Y-axis orientation in the supratidal amphipod Talorchestia longicornis (Say): Hierarchy of sun, beach slope and landmarks as orientation cues.” Marine and Freshwater Behavior and Physiology 43 (2010): 203–20.
    • Cohen, J. H., and R. B. Forward. “Zooplankton diel vertical migration - A review of proximate control.” Oceanography and Marine Biology 47 (December 1, 2009): 77–110.
    • Ogburn, M. B., H. Diaz, and R. B. Forward. “Mechanisms regulating estuarine ingress of blue crab Callinectes sapidus megalopae.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 389 (October 2, 2009): 181–92. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08139.
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    • Forward, R. B., M. H. Bourla, N. N. Lessios, and J. H. Cohen. “Orientation to shorelines by the supratidal amphipod Talorchestia longicornis: Wavelength specific behavior during sun compass orientation.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 376, no. 2 (August 15, 2009): 102–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2009.06.016.
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    • Forward, R. B., M. H. Bourla, M. Zachary Darnell, and J. H. Cohen. “Entrainment of the circadian rhythm of the supratidal amphipod Talorchestia longicornis by light and temperature: Mechanisms of detection and hierarchical organization.” Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 42, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 233–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236240903162268.
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    • Forward, Richard B. “Larval biology of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould): a synthesis.” The Biological Bulletin 216, no. 3 (June 2009): 243–56. https://doi.org/10.1086/bblv216n3p243.
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    • Ogburn, M. B., and R. B. Forward. “Ingress of brachyuran crab post-larvae to the newport river estuary.” Estuaries and Coasts 32, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 309–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9136-1.
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    • Cohen, J. H., T. W. Cronin, N. Lessios, and R. B. Forward. “Spectral sensitivity of the amphipod Talorchestia longicornis (Submitted).” Journal of Experimental Biology, 2009.
    • Horch, K. W., J. P. Gocke, M. Salmon, and R. B. Forward. “Visual spectral sensitivity of hatchling loggerhead (Caretta caretta L.) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea L.) sea turtles, as determined by single-flash electroretinography.” Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 41, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236240801896223.
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    • Christopher, C. E., M. Salmon, and R. B. Forward. “Is the hatching clock of fiddler crab larvae (Uca thayeri) phenotypically plastic?” Journal of Crustacean Biology 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 328–33. https://doi.org/10.1651/0278-0372(2008)028[0328:ITHCOF]2.0.CO;2.
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    • Forward, R. B., and M. H. Bourla. “Entrainment of the larval release rhythm of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Brachyura: Xanthidae) by cycles in hydrostatic pressure.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 357, no. 2 (March 31, 2008): 128–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.01.006.
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    • Ogburn, M. B., J. L. Jackson, and R. B. Forward. “Comparison of low salinity tolerance in Callinectes sapidus Rathbun and Callinectes similis Williams postlarvae upon entry into an estuary.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 352, no. 2 (December 14, 2007): 343–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.08.008.
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    • Forward, R. B., H. Diaz, and M. B. Ogburn. “The ontogeny of the endogenous rhythm in vertical migration of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus at metamorphosis.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 348, no. 1–2 (September 7, 2007): 154–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.04.007.
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    • Ziegler, T. A., and R. B. Forward. “Control of larval release in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus: Role of chemical cues.” Marine Biology 152, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 589–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0712-2.
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    • Ziegler, Tracy A., and Richard B. Forward. “Larval release behaviors in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus: role of peptide pheromones.” Journal of Chemical Ecology 33, no. 9 (September 2007): 1795–1805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-007-9335-9.
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    • Forward, R. B., L. Wyatt, D. Clifford, and A. Barbour. “Endogenous rhythm in activity of an estuarine amphipod, Talorchestia longicornis.” Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 133–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236240701443258.
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    • Cohen, J. H., P. A. Tester, and R. B. Forward. “Sublethal effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis on marine copepod behavior.” Journal of Plankton Research 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 301–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbm016.
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    • Forward, R. B., A. D. Thaler, and R. Singer. “Entrainment of the activity rhythm of the mole crab Emerita talpoida.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 341, no. 1 (February 13, 2007): 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.050.
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    • Ziegler, T. A., and R. B. Forward. “Larval release behaviors of the striped hermit crab, Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc): Temporal pattern in hatching.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 335, no. 2 (August 8, 2006): 245–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.03.014.
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    • Ziegler, Tracy A., and Richard B. Forward. “Larval release rhythm of the mole crab Emerita talpoida (Say).” The Biological Bulletin 209, no. 3 (December 2005): 194–203. https://doi.org/10.2307/3593109.
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    • Forward, R. B., H. Diaz, and J. H. Cohen. “The tidal rhythm in activity of the mole crab Emerita talpoida.” Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 895–901. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405011860.
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    • Carr, S. D., J. L. Hench, R. A. Luettich, R. B. Forward, and R. A. Tankersley. “Spatial patterns in the ovigerous Callinectes sapidus spawning migration: Results from a coupled behavioral-physical model.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 294 (June 9, 2005): 213–26. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps294213.
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    • Cohen, J. H., and R. B. Forward. “Diel vertical migration of the marine copepod Calanopia americana. II. Proximate role of exogenous light cues and endogenous rhythms.” Marine Biology 147, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-1570-4.
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    • Cohen, J. H., and R. B. Forward. “Diel vertical migration of the marine copepod Calanopia americana. I. Twilight DVM and its relationship to the diel light cycle.” Marine Biology 147, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 387–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-1569-x.
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    • Forward, R. B., N. B. Reyns, H. Diaz, J. H. Cohen, and D. B. Eggleston. “Endogenous swimming rhythms underlying secondary dispersal of early juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 316, no. 1 (March 9, 2005): 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.10.005.
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    • Cohen, J. H., and R. B. Forward. “Photobehavior as an inducible defense in the marine copepod Calanopia americana.” Limnology and Oceanography 50, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 1269–77. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.4.1269.
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    • Forward, R. B., J. H. Cohen, M. Z. Darnell, and A. Saal. “The circatidal rhythm in vertical swimming of female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, during their spawning migration: A reconsideration.” Journal of Shellfish Research 24, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 587–90. https://doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2005)24[587:TCRIVS]2.0.CO;2.
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    • Carr, S. D., R. A. Tankersley, J. L. Hench, R. B. Forward, and R. A. Luettich. “Movement patterns and trajectories of ovigerous blue crabs Callinectes sapidus during the spawning migration.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 60, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 567–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.02.012.
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    • Forward, R. B., J. H. Cohen, R. D. Irvine, J. L. Lax, R. Mitchell, A. M. Schick, M. M. Smith, J. M. Thompson, and J. I. Venezia. “Settlement of blue crab Callinectes sapidus megalopae in a North Carolina estuary.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 269 (March 25, 2004): 237–47. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps269237.
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    • Forward, R. B., and J. H. Cohen. “Factors affecting the circatidal rhythm in vertical swimming of ovigerous blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, involved in the spawning migration.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 299, no. 2 (February 24, 2004): 255–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2003.09.008.
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    • Forward, R. B., N. B. Reyns, H. Diaz, J. H. Cohen, and D. B. Eggleston. “Endogenous swimming rhythms of juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, as related to horizontal transport.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 299, no. 1 (February 10, 2004): 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2003.09.002.
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    • Hench, J. L., R. B. Forward, S. D. Carr, D. Rittschof, and R. A. Luettich. “Testing a selective tidal-stream transport model: Observations of female blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) vertical migration during the spawning season.” Limnology and Oceanography 49, no. 5 (January 1, 2004): 1857–70. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1857.
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    • Forward, R. B., R. A. Tankersley, K. A. Smith, and J. M. Welch. “Effects of chemical cues on orientation of blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, megalopae in flow: Implications for location of nursery areas.” Marine Biology 142, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 747–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0966-7.
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    • Forward, R. B., R. A. Tankersley, and J. M. Welch. “Selective tidal-stream transport of the blue crab Callinectes Sapidus: An overview.” Bulletin of Marine Science 72, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 347–65.
    • Cohen, J. H., and R. B. Forward. “Ctenophore kairomones and modified aminosugar disaccharides alter the shadow response in a larval crab.” Journal of Plankton Research 25, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 203–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.2.203.
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    • Johnson, K. B., and R. B. Forward. “Larval photoresponses of the polyclad flatworm Maritigrella crozieri (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida) (Hyman).” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 282, no. 1–2 (January 8, 2003): 103–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00448-3.
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    • Díaz, H., B. Orihuela, R. B. Forward, and D. Rittschof. “Orientation of juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, to currents, chemicals, and visual cues.” Journal of Crustacean Biology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1163/20021975-99990310.
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    • Forward, R. B., R. A. Tankersley, and P. N. Pochelon. “Circatidal activity rhythms in ovigerous blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus: Implications for ebb-tide transport during the spawning migration.” Marine Biology 142, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0923-5.
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    • Cohen, Jonathan H., and Richard B. Forward. “Spectral sensitivity of vertically migrating marine copepods.” The Biological Bulletin 203, no. 3 (December 2002): 307–14. https://doi.org/10.2307/1543573.
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    • Tankersley, R. A., J. M. Welch, and R. B. Forward. “Settlement times of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) megalopae during flood-tide transport.” Marine Biology 141, no. 5 (December 1, 2002): 863–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0896-4.
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    • McCarthy, D. A., R. B. Forward, and C. M. Young. “Ontogeny of phototaxis and geotaxis during larval development of the sabellariid polychaete Phragmatopoma lapidosa.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 241 (October 4, 2002): 215–20. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps241215.
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    • Tankersley, R. A., T. M. Bullock, R. B. Forward, and D. Rittschof. “Larval release behaviors in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus: Role of chemical cues.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 273, no. 1 (July 3, 2002): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00135-1.
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    • Horch, K., M. Salmon, and R. Forward. “Evidence for a two pigment visual system in the fiddler crab, Uca thayeri.” Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 188, no. 6 (July 2002): 493–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-002-0325-7.
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    • Diaz, H., B. Orihuela, R. B. Forward, and D. Rittschof. “Effects of chemical cues on visual orientation of juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun).” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 266, no. 1 (November 30, 2001): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(01)00330-6.
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    • Chiussi, R., H. Díaz, D. Rittschof, and J. Forward. “Orientation of the hermit crab Clibanarius antillensis: Effects of visual and chemical cues.” Journal of Crustacean Biology 21, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 593–605. https://doi.org/10.1651/0278-0372(2001)021[0593:oothcc]2.0.co;2.
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    • Forward, R. B., R. A. Tankersley, and D. Rittschof. “Cues for Metamorphosis of Brachyuran Crabs: An Overview1.” American Zoologist 41, no. 5 (January 1, 2001): 1108–22. https://doi.org/10.1668/0003-1569(2001)041[1108:CFMOBC]2.0.CO;2.
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    • Forward, R. B., and R. A. Tankersley. “Selective tidal-stream transport of marine animals.” Edited by R. B. Gibson, M. Barnes, and R. J. A. Atkinson. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Vol 39 39 (January 1, 2001): 305–53.
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    • Welch, J. M., and R. B. Forward Jr. “Flood tide transport of blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, postlarvae: behavioral responses to salinity and turbulence.” Marine Ecology 139 (2001): 911–18.
    • Forward, R. B., J. M. Welch, and C. M. Young. “Light induced larval release of a colonial ascidian.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 248, no. 2 (May 2000): 225–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(00)00168-4.
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    • Forward, R. B., and D. Rittschof. “Alteration of photoresponses involved in diel vertical migration of a crab larva by fish mucus and degradation products of mucopolysaccharides.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 245, no. 2 (March 2000): 277–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(99)00169-0.
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    • Rahman, Y. J., R. B. Forward, and D. Rittschof. “Responses of mud snails and periwinkles to environmental odors and disaccharide mimics of fish odor.” Journal of Chemical Ecology 26, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 679–96. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005428221952.
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    • Churchill, J. H., R. B. Forward, R. A. Luettich, J. L. Hench, W. F. Hettler, L. B. Crowder, and J. O. Blanton. “Circulation and larval fish transport within a tidally dominated estuary.” Fisheries Oceanography 8, no. SUPPL. 2 (December 1, 1999): 173–89. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2419.1999.00025.x.
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    • Forward, R. B., M. C. De Vries, R. A. Tankersley, D. Rittschof, W. F. Hettler, J. S. Burke, J. M. Welch, and D. E. Hoss. “Behaviour and sensory physiology of Atlantic menhaden larvae, Brevoortia tyrannus, during horizontal transport.” Fisheries Oceanography 8, no. SUPPL. 2 (December 1, 1999): 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2419.1999.00023.x.
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    • Hare, J. A., J. A. Quinlan, F. E. Werner, B. O. Blanton, J. J. Govoni, R. B. Forward, L. R. Settle, and D. E. Hoss. “Larval transport during winter in the SABRE study area: Results of a coupled vertical larval behaviour-three-dimensional circulation model.” Fisheries Oceanography 8, no. SUPPL. 2 (December 1, 1999): 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2419.1999.00017.x.
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    • Welch, J. M., R. B. Forward, and P. A. Howd. “Behavioral responses of blue crab Callinectes sapidus postlarvae to turbulence: Implications for selective tidal stream transport.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 179 (April 15, 1999): 135–43. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps179135.
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    • Diaz, H., B. Orihuela, R. B. Forward, and R. B. Dan Rittschof. “Orientation of blue crab, Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun), megalopae: Responses to visual and chemical cues.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 233, no. 1 (January 31, 1999): 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00121-X.
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    • Forward, R. B., K. A. Reinsel, D. S. Peters, R. A. Tankersley, J. H. Churchill, L. B. Crowder, W. F. Hettler, S. M. Warlen, and M. D. Green. “Transport of fish larvae through a tidal inlet.” Fisheries Oceanography 8, no. SUPPL. 2 (January 1, 1999): 153–72. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2419.1999.00026.x.
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    • Forward, R. B., and D. Rittschof. “Brine shrimp larval photoresponses involved in diel vertical migration: Activation by fish mucus and modified amino sugars.” Limnology and Oceanography 44, no. 8 (January 1, 1999): 1904–16. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.8.1904.
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    • Forward, R. B., R. A. Tankersley, and K. A. Reinsel. “Selective tidal stream transport of spot (Leistomus xanthurus Lacepede) and pinfish [Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus)] larvae: Contribution of circatidal rhythms in activity.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 226, no. 1 (August 1, 1998): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00234-7.
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    • Fitzgerald, T. P., R. B. Forward, and R. A. Tankersley. “Metamorphosis of the estuarine crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii: Effect of water type and adult odor.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 165 (May 7, 1998): 217–23. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps165217.
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    • Rittschof, D., R. B. Forward, G. Cannon, J. M. Welch, M. McClary, E. R. Holm, A. S. Clare, et al. “Cues and context: Larval responses to physical and chemical cues.” Biofouling 12, no. 1–3 (January 1, 1998): 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927019809378344.
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    • Forward, R. B., R. A. Tankersley, D. Blondel, and D. Rittschof. “Metamorphosis of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus: Effects of humic acids and ammonium.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 157 (October 16, 1997): 277–86. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps157277.
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    • Welch, J. M., D. Rittschof, T. M. Bullock, and R. B. Forward. “Effects of chemical cues on settlement behavior of blue crab Callinectes sapidus postlarvae.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 154 (July 31, 1997): 143–53. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps154143.
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    • Forward, R. B., J. Swanson, R. A. Tankersely, and J. M. Welch. “Endogenous swimming rhythms of blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, megalopae: Effects of offshore and estuarine cues.” Marine Biology 127, no. 4 (March 1, 1997): 621–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050052.
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    • Forward, R. B., R. A. Tankersley, and J. S. Burke. “Endogenous swimming rhythms of larval atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus latrobe: Implications for vertical migration.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 204, no. 1–2 (October 25, 1996): 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(96)02584-1.
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    • Forward, R. B., M. C. DeVries, D. Rittschof, D. A. Z. Frankel, J. P. Bischoff, C. M. Fisher, and J. M. Welch. “Effects of environmental cues on metamorphosis of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 131, no. 1–3 (February 8, 1996): 165–77. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps131165.
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    • Forward, R. B., J. S. Burke, D. Rittschof, and J. M. Welch. “Photoresponses of larval Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus Latrobe) in offshore and estuarine waters: Implications for transport.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 199, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 123–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(95)00180-8.
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    • Mckelvey, L. M., and R. B. Forward. “Activation of brine shrimp nauplii photoresponses involved in diel vertical migration by chemical cues from visual and non-visual planktivores.” Journal of Plankton Research 17, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 2191–2206. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/17.12.2191.
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    • Tankersley, R. A., L. M. McKelvey, and R. B. Forward. “Responses of estuarine crab megalopae to pressure, salinity and light: Implications for flood-tide transport.” Marine Biology 122, no. 3 (May 1, 1995): 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00350871.
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    • De Vries, M. C., R. B. Forward, and W. F. Hettler. “Behavioral response of larval Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) and spot Leiostomus xanthurus (Lacépède) to rates of salinity change.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 185, no. 1 (January 16, 1995): 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(94)00137-3.
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    • De Vries, M. C., R. B. Forward, and W. F. Hettler. “Behavioural response of larval Atlantic menhaden to different rates of temperature change.” Journal of Fish Biology 47, no. 6 (January 1, 1995): 1081–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb06031.x.
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    • Diaz, H., B. Orihuela, D. Rittschof, and R. B. Forward. “Visual orientation to gastropod shells by chemically stimulated hermit crabs, Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc).” Journal of Crustacean Biology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 70–78. https://doi.org/10.2307/1549012.
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    • Diaz, H., B. Orihuela, and R. B. Forward. “Visual orientation of postlarval and juvenile mangrove crabs.” Journal of Crustacean Biology 15, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 671–78. https://doi.org/10.2307/1548816.
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    • Forward, R. B., R. A. Tankersley, M. C. Devries, and D. Rittschof. “Sensory physiology and behavior of blue crab (callinectes sapidus) postlarvae during horizontaltransport.” Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 26, no. 2–4 (January 1, 1995): 233–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236249509378942.
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    • DeVries, M. C., R. A. Tankersley, R. B. Forward, W. W. Kirby-Smith, and R. A. Luettich. “Abundance of estuarine crab larvae is associated with tidal hydrologic variables.” Marine Biology 118, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 403–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00350297.
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    • Tankersley, R. A., and R. B. Forward. “Endogenous swimming rhythms in estuarine crab megalopae: implications for flood-tide transport.” Marine Biology 118, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 415–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00350298.
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    • Diaz, H., R. B. Forward Jnr, B. Orihuela, and D. Rittschof. “Chemically stimulated visual orientation and shape discrimination by the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc).” Journal of Crustacean Biology 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 20–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/1549051.
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    • Forward Jnr, R. B., W. F. Hettler, and D. E. Hoss. “Swimbladder deflation in the Atlantic menhadden, Brevoortia tyrannus.” Fishery Bulletin 92, no. 3 (January 1, 1994): 641–46.
    • Forward, R. B., D. A. Z. Frankel, and D. Rittschof. “Molting of megalopae from the blue crab Callinectes sapidus: Effects of offshore and estuarine cues.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 113, no. 1–2 (January 1, 1994): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps113055.
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    • Forward, R. B., and D. Rittschof. “Photoresponses of crab megalopae in offshore and estuarine waters: Implications for transport.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 182, no. 2 (1994): 183–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(94)90050-7.
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    • Stearns, D. E., G. J. Holt, R. B. Forward, and P. L. Pickering. “Ontogeny of phototactic behavior in red drum larvae (Sciaenidae: Sciaenops ocellatus).” Marine Ecology Progress Series 104, no. 1–2 (January 1, 1994): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps104001.
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    • Forward, R. B., and D. Rittschof. “Activation of photoresponses of brine shrimp nauplii involved in diel vertical migration by chemical cues from fish.” Journal of Plankton Research 15, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 693–701. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/15.6.693.
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    • Pettis, R. J., B. W. Erickson, R. B. Forward, and D. Rittschof. “Superpotent synthetic tripeptide mimics of the mud-crab pumping pheromone.” International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 42, no. 4 (October 1993): 312–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1993.tb00500.x.
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    • Altizer, S. M., and R. B. Forward. “Offshore escape response and directional orientation of the striped hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc).” Marine Behaviour &Amp; Physiology 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236249309378838.
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    • Cameron, H. S., and R. B. Forward. “Direction orientation of the sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator (Bosc) in water: onshore escape response.” Marine Behaviour &Amp; Physiology 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236249309378836.
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    • Jacobs, M., D. P. Nowacek, D. J. Gerhart, G. Cannon, S. Nowicki, and R. B. Forward. “Seasonal changes in vocalization during behavior of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin.” Estuaries 16, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 241–46. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352496.
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    • Orihuela, B., H. Díaz, R. B. Forward, and D. Rittschof. “Orientation of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc) to visual cues: effects of mollusc chemical cues.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 164, no. 2 (December 7, 1992): 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90174-9.
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    • Forward, R. B., and W. F. Hettler. “Effects of feeding and predator exposure on photoresponses during diel vertical migration of brine shrimp larvae.” Limnology and Oceanography 37, no. 6 (January 1, 1992): 1261–70. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.6.1261.
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    • Goddard, S. M., and R. B. Forward. “The role of the underwater polarized light pattern, in sun compass navigation of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris.” Journal of Comparative Physiology A 169, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 479–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197660.
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    • De Vries, M. C., and R. B. Forward. “Mechanisms of crustacean egg hatching: Evidence for enzyme release by crab embryos.” Marine Biology 110, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 281–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313715.
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    • Reisser, C. E., and R. B. Forward. “Effect of salinity on osmoregulation and survival of a rhizocephalan parasite, Loxothylacus panopaei, and its crab host, Rhithropanopeus harrisii.” Estuaries 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 102–6. https://doi.org/10.2307/1351987.
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    • Goddard, S. M., and R. B. Forward. “The decay and learning of an y axis orientation behavior: the offshore escape response of the shrimp Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say).” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 142, no. 1–2 (October 2, 1990): 137–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(90)90142-Y.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Behavioral Responses of Crustacean Larvae to Rates of Temperature Change.” The Biological Bulletin 178, no. 3 (June 1990): 195–204. https://doi.org/10.2307/1541819.
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    • Rittschof, D., R. B. Forward, and B. W. Erickson. “Larval release in brachyuran crustaceans Functional similarity of peptide pheromone receptor and catalytic site of trypsin.” Journal of Chemical Ecology 16, no. 4 (April 1990): 1359–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01021032.
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    • Gerhart, D. J., A. S. Clare, K. Eisenman, D. Rittschof, and R. B. Forward. “Eicosanoids in corals and crustaceans: primary metabolites that function as allelochemicals and pheromones.” Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 342 (January 1990): 598–602.
    • Douglass, J. K., and R. B. Forward. “The ontogeny of facultative superposition optics in a shrimp eye: hatching through metamorphosis.” Cell and Tissue Research 258, no. 2 (November 1, 1989): 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00239449.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Depth regulation of larval marine decapod crustaceans: test of an hypothesis.” Marine Biology 102, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428280.
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    • Forward, R. B., and C. A. Wellins. “Behavioral responses of a larval crustacean to hydrostatic pressure: Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Brachyura: Xanthidae).” Marine Biology 101, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 159–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391455.
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    • Rittschof, D., R. B. Forward, D. A. Simons, P. A. Reddy, and B. W. Erickson. “Peptide analogs of the mud crab pumping pheromone: Structure-function studies.” Chemical Senses 14, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 137–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/14.1.137.
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    • De Vries, M. C., and R. B. Forward. “Rhythms in larval release of the sublittoral crab Neopanope sayi and the supralittoral crab Sesarma cinereum (Decapoda: Brachyura).” Marine Biology 100, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 241–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391964.
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    • Diamond, D. W., L. K. Scott, R. B. Forward, and W. Kirby-Smith. “Respiration and osmoregulation of the estuarine crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould): effects of the herbicide, alachlor.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology 93, no. 2 (January 1989): 313–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(89)90043-1.
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    • Cronin, T. W., and R. B. Forward. “The visual pigments of crabs - I. Spectral characteristics.” Journal of Comparative Physiology A 162, no. 4 (July 1, 1988): 463–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00612512.
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    • Forward, R. B., T. W. Cronin, and J. K. Douglass. “The visual pigments of crabs - II. Environmental adaptations.” Journal of Comparative Physiology A 162, no. 4 (July 1, 1988): 479–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00612513.
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    • Takacs, R. L., R. B. Forward, and W. Kirby-Smith. “Effects of the herbicide alachlor on larval development of the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould).” Estuaries 11, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 79–82. https://doi.org/10.2307/1351993.
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    • Blasco, E., and R. B. Forward. “Osmoregulation of the xanthid crab, panopeus herbstii.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology    Part A: Physiology 90, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 135–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(88)91018-3.
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    • Swift, M. C., and R. B. Forward. “Absolute light intensity vs. rate of relative change in light intensity: the role of light in the vertical migration of Chaoborus punctipennis larvae.” Bulletin of Marine Science 43, no. 3 (January 1, 1988): 604–19.
    • Forward, R. B. “Comparative study of crustacean larval photoresponses.” Marine Biology 94, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 589–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00431405.
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    • Forward, R. B., D. Rittschof, and M. C. D. Vries. “Peptide pheromones synchronize crustacean egg hatching and larval release.” Chemical Senses 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 491–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/12.3.491.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Larval release rhythms of decapod crustaceans: an overview.” Bulletin of Marine Science 41, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 165–76.
    • Forward, R. B. “Behavioral responses of a sand-beach amphipod to light and pressure.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 102, no. 1 (November 18, 1986): 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90126-7.
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    • Forward, R. B., J. K. Douglass, and B. E. Kenney. “Entrainment of the larval release rhythm of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Brachyura: Xanthidae) by cycles in salinity change.” Marine Biology 90, no. 4 (March 1, 1986): 537–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00409274.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Behavioral responses of larvae of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Brachyura: Xanthidae) during diel vertical migration.” Marine Biology 90, no. 1 (December 1, 1985): 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428209.
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    • Rittschof, D., R. B. Forward, and D. D. Mott. “Larval release in the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (gould): Chemical cues from hatching eggs.” Chemical Senses 10, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 567–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/10.4.567.
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    • Stearns, D. E., and R. B. Forward. “Photosensitivity of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa.” Marine Biology 82, no. 1 (August 1, 1984): 85–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392766.
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    • Stearns, D. E., and R. B. Forward. “Copepod photobehavior in a simulated natural light environment and its relation to nocturnal vertical migration.” Marine Biology 82, no. 1 (August 1, 1984): 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392767.
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    • Bookhout, C. G., R. J. Monroe, R. B. Forward, and J. D. Costlow. “Effects of hexavalent chromium on development of crabs, Rhithropanopeus harrisii and Callinectes sapidus.” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 21, no. 1–4 (January 1, 1984): 199–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00163624.
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    • Bookhout, C. G., R. J. Monroe, R. B. Forward, and J. D. Costlow. “Effects of soluble fractions of drilling fluids on development of crabs, Rhithropanopeus harrisii and Callinectes sapidus.” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 21, no. 1–4 (January 1, 1984): 183–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00163623.
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    • Forward, R. B., T. W. Cronin, and D. E. Stearns. “Control of diel vertical migration: Photoresponses of a larval crustacean.” Limnology and Oceanography 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1984): 146–54. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0146.
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    • Swift, M. C., and R. B. Forward. “Photoresponses of the copepod Mesocyclops edax.” Journal of Plankton Research 5, no. 3 (December 1, 1983): 407–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/5.3.407.
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    • Forward, R. B., and H. J. Fyhn. “Osmotic regulation of the krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology    Part A: Physiology 74, no. 2 (January 1, 1983): 301–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(83)90604-7.
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    • Swift, M. C., and R. B. Forward. “Photoresponses of second-instar Chaoborus larvae.” Journal of Insect Physiology 28, no. 2 (January 1, 1982): 183–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(82)90127-5.
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    • Lang, W. H., R. B. Forward, D. C. Miller, and M. Marcy. “Acute toxicity and sublethal behavioral effects of copper on barnacle nauplii (Balanus improvisus).” Marine Biology 58, no. 2 (October 1, 1980): 139–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396125.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Phototaxis of a sand-beach amphipod: Physiology and tidal rhythms.” Journal of Comparative Physiology □ A 135, no. 3 (September 1, 1980): 243–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00657252.
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    • Swift, M. C., and R. B. Forward. “Photoresponses of Chaoborus larvae.” Journal of Insect Physiology 26, no. 6 (January 1, 1980): 365–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(80)90006-2.
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    • Forward, R. B., and T. W. Cronin. “Spectral sensitivity of larvae from intertidal crustaceans.” Journal of Comparative Physiology □ A 133, no. 4 (December 1, 1979): 311–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00661133.
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    • Cronin, T. W., and R. B. Forward. “Tidal vertical migration: an endogenous rhythm in estuarine crab larvae.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 205, no. 4410 (September 1979): 1020–22. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.205.4410.1020.
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    • Forward, R. B., and J. D. Costlow. “Sublethal effects of insect growth regulators upon crab larval behavior.” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 9, no. 2 (February 1, 1978): 227–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280709.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Effects of neurochemicals upon a dinoflagellate photoresponse.” The Journal of Protozoology 24, no. 3 (August 1977): 401–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1977.tb04760.x.
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    • Latz, M. I., and R. B. Forward. “The effect of salinity upon phototaxis and geotaxis in a larval crustacean.” The Biological Bulletin 153, no. 1 (August 1977): 163–79. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540699.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Occurrence of a shadow response among brachyuran larvae.” Marine Biology 39, no. 4 (February 1, 1977): 331–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391936.
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    • Ott, F. S., and R. B. Forward. “The effect of temperature on phototaxis and geotaxis by larvae of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisi (Gould).” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 23, no. 2 (January 1, 1976): 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(76)90134-9.
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    • Forward, R. B., and J. D. Costlow. “The ontogeny of phototaxis by larvae of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii.” Marine Biology 26, no. 1 (July 1, 1974): 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00389083.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Phototaxis by the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium splendens Lebour.” The Journal of Protozoology 21, no. 2 (May 1974): 312–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03659.x.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Negative phototaxis in crustacean larvae: Possible functional significance.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1974): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(74)90069-0.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Phototaxis in a dinoflagellate: Action spectra as evidence for a two-pigment system.” Planta 111, no. 2 (June 1973): 167–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00386277.
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    • Forward, R. B., and T. H. Waterman. “Evidence for E-vector and light intensity pattern discrimination by the teleost Dermogenys.” Journal of Comparative Physiology 87, no. 2 (June 1, 1973): 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01352160.
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    • Waterman, T. H., and R. B. Forward. “Field evidence for polarized light sensitivity in the fish Zenarchopterus.” Nature 228, no. 5266 (October 1970): 85–87. https://doi.org/10.1038/228085a0.
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    • Forward, R. B. “Change in the photoresponse action spectrum of the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dorsum Kofoid by red and far-red light.” Planta 92, no. 3 (September 1, 1970): 248–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00388559.
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    • Forward, R. B., and D. Davenport. “The circadian rhythm of a behavioral photoresponse in the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dorsum.” Planta 92, no. 3 (September 1, 1970): 259–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00388560.
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    • Davenport, D., G. J. Culler, J. O. Greaves, R. B. Forward, and W. G. Hand. “The investigation of the behavior of microorganisms by computerized television.” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 17, no. 3 (July 1970): 230–37. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1970.4502737.
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    • Forward, R., and D. Davenport. “Red and far-red light effects on a short-term behavioral response of a dinoflagellate.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 161, no. 3845 (September 1968): 1028–29. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3845.1028.
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  • Book Sections

    • Cohen, J. H., and R. B. Forward. “Zooplankton Diel Vertical Migration - A Review of Proximate Control.” In Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 47:77–110, 2016.
    • Forward, R. B., and J. H. Cohen. “Vertical Migration of Aquatic Animals.” In Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, 485–90, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-045337-8.00070-X.
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• Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
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  Presentations & Appearances

  • GEO Sciences REU Workshop. October 1, 2011  2011
  • Visual wavelength discrimination by the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta. April 1, 2011  2011
  • Linking blue crab megalopa settlement to fishery landing in North Carolina. December 20, 2010  2010
  • Recruitment of Callinectes sapidus Rathbun (blue crab) megalopae in an estuary. December 20, 2010  2010
  • Biology of the Blue crab Callinectes sapidus: horizontal transport. April 24, 2008  2008

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