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Ru-Rong Ji

William Maixner Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology
Anesthesiology

Overview


I have been doing neuroscience and pain research for over 25 years in multiple academic institutes, including Duke University (2012-current), Harvard Medical School (1998-2012), Johns Hopkins Medical School, Karolinska Institute, and Peking University. The long-term goal of my lab is to identify molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the induction and resolution of pathological pain and develop novel pain therapeutics that can target these mechanisms, with specific focus on neuroimmune interactions. We are interested in the following scientific questions. (1) How does inflammation induce and resolve pain via immune cell interaction with primary sensory neurons? (2) How does neuroinflammation drive chronic pain via activation of glial cells in the CNS (microglia and astrocytes) and PNS (satellite glial cells) and regulation of sensory neuron plasticity (peripheral sensitization) and spinal cord synaptic plasticity (central sensitization)? (3) How do specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs, e.g., resolvins, protectins, and maresins) control pain via GPCR signaling? (4) How do immunotherapies through the PD-L1/PD-1 and STING/IFN pathways regulate pain, cognition, and neuronal activities? (5) How do secreted miRNAs regulate pain and itch via direct activation of surface receptors and ion channels? (6) How do nerve terminals interact with cancers in chronic pain and itch? (7) How do Toll-like receptors (TLR) in primary sensory neurons sense danger signals and regulate pain and itch? (8) How do regenerative approaches such as autologous conditioned serum (ACS) and bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) produce long-term pain relief via secreting anti-inflammatory factors and exosomes? We employ a multidisciplinary approach that covers in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies for animal behaviors, electrophysiology, molecular biology, cell biology, and transgenic animals. We have identified numerous therapeutic targets and filed many patents for translational studies. As the Director of the Center for Translational Pain Medicine (CTPM) and a highly cited researcher (Cross Field, Clarivate), I have both administrative and scientific leadership for successful completion of many research projects. 

Current Duke Appointments & Affiliations


William Maixner Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology · 2021 - Present Anesthesiology, Clinical Science Departments
Professor in Anesthesiology · 2012 - Present Anesthesiology, Clinical Science Departments
Director, Center for Translational Pain Medicine · 2021 - Present Anesthesiology, Clinical Science Departments
Professor in Neurobiology · 2012 - Present Neurobiology, Basic Science Departments
Professor in Cell Biology · 2018 - Present Cell Biology, Basic Science Departments
Professor in Integrative Immunobiology · 2025 - Present Integrative Immunobiology, Basic Science Departments
Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences · 2024 - Present Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, University Institutes and Centers

Recent News Items


Published June 24, 2025
A New Painkiller Offers Alternative to Opioids
Published May 20, 2025
Painkiller Could Offer Relief Without Dangerous Side Effects of Opioids
Published December 3, 2024
Research & Innovation Seed Grants Total Nearly $2 Million

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Recent Scholarly Works


Glial cells in neuropathic pain.

Journal article Physiol Rev · October 1, 2026 Neuropathic pain is a chronic, debilitating condition that affects ∼7-8% of the global population and remains difficult to treat because of limited therapeutic options. Over the past two decades, mounting preclinical evidence has highlighted the crucial ro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting MMP-9 activity alleviate peripheral neuropathy in diabetic mice.

Journal article Sci Transl Med · September 9, 2026 Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a debilitating medical condition that affects millions of individuals, causing neuropathic pain and chronic wounds. Despite its substantial impact, there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatments availa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Virtual screening of GPR37L1 small-molecule modulator for neuropathic pain.

Journal article Pain · September 1, 2026 Accumulating evidence indicates that glial cells play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of neuropathic pain. However, there is lack of glia-specific molecular targets for pain management. We recently identified the G protein-co ... Full text Link to item Cite
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Recent Grants


Integrated Training in Anesthesiology Research

Inst. Training Prgm or CMEMentor · Awarded by National Institute of General Medical Sciences · 1996 - 2031

Inflammation and neuropathy drive sex-specific diabetic bladder dysfunction in Akita mice

ResearchCollaborator · Awarded by National Institutes of Health · 2026 - 2031

Glial Neuronal Crosstalk in Neuropathic Pain and Diabetes

ResearchPrincipal Investigator · Awarded by National Institutes of Health · 2026 - 2030

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Education


Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) · 1990 Ph.D.