Ru-Rong Ji | Scholars@Duke

Ru-Rong Ji
Distinguished Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology, in the School of Medicine

Chronic pain is a major health problem in the US, affecting 100 million Americans. The long-term goal of the lab is to identify molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the genesis of chronic pain and, furthermore, to develop novel pain therapeutics that can target these mechanisms. We are interested in the following questions. (1) How do neuroinflammation and activation of glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) regulate pain and spinal cord synaptic plasticity via neuro-glial and neuro-immune interactions? (2) How do secreted miRNAs regulate neuronal signaling and synaptic transmission and pain as novel neuromodulators and pain mediators? (3) How do pro-resolution lipid mediators such as resolvins and protectin control pain via GPCR and arrestin signaling? (4) Do pain and itch share similar mechanisms? (5) How does Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in primary sensory neurons regulate pain and itch? (6) How can bone marrow stem cells produce long-term pain relief via secreting anti-inflammatory and trophic factors? We employ a multidisciplinary approach that covers in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo electrophysiology, neuronal and glial cell biology, transgenic mice, and behaviors.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Distinguished Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology, in the School of Medicine, Anesthesiology, Clinical Science Departments 2012
Professor in Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Clinical Science Departments 2012
Professor in Neurobiology, Neurobiology, Basic Science Departments 2012
Professor in Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Basic Science Departments 2018

Contact Information

ru-rong.ji@duke.edu

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) 1990
Recognition
In the News
- APR 5, 2021
  
  Maddening Itch of Liver Disease Comes from a Surprising Source
- JAN 11, 2021
  
  Post-Surgical Patch Releases Non-Opioid Painkiller Directly to the Wound
- DEC 19, 2019
  
  Cryo-Electron Microscope Captures Details of the ‘Wasabi Sensor’
- NOV 19, 2019
  
  Global List of Highly Cited Puts Duke in Top Ten
- MAY 23, 2017
  
  Immunotherapy Target Suppresses Pain to Mask Cancer
- DEC 1, 2016
  
  Autism-Linked Protein Crucial For Feeling Pain
- JUL 14, 2015 The Daily Mail
  
  Jab that could kill back pain: Injection of stem cells found to release natural painkiller that can last 'for five weeks'
- JUL 13, 2015
  
  Stem Cells Provide Lasting Pain Relief in Mice
- MAY 22, 2014
  
  One Molecule To Block Both Pain And Itch
- APR 7, 2014 Duke Research Blog
  
  Duke Study Takes a Molecular Look at Pain
- JUL 17, 2013
  
  Uncovering a Healthier Remedy for Chronic Pain
Research
Selected Grants
- Integrated Training in Anesthesiology Research awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 2026
- Temporal Patterns of Spinal Cord Stimulation awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2022
- Identification and Validation of a Novel Central Analgesia Circuit awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2020
- Organization and Function of Cellular Structure awarded by National Institutes of Health 1975 - 2020
- VIPER: Chronic Pain after Amputation: Inflammatory Mechanisms, Novel Analgesic Pathways and Improved Patient Safety awarded by Department of Defense 2015 - 2019
- Neuroimmune mechanisms governing neuropathic cancer pain pathologies awarded by International Association for the Study of Pain 2018 - 2019
- Resolution pathway of pain awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2019
- Hemichannels, Astrocytic Release, and Neuropathic Pain awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2018
- Basic predoctoral training in neuroscience awarded by National Institutes of Health 1992 - 2018
- Development of novel therapeutics for pain and itch relief awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2018
- Treating chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain by targeted silencing of A-fibers awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2018
- Functional Characterization of Parabrachial Circuits Processing Noxious Thermal Pain awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2018
- Control of Tripartite Synapse Formation by Astrocytic Neuroligins awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2018
- Treatment of Neuropathic Pain after SCI with a Catalytic Oxidoreductant awarded by University of Alabama at Birmingham 2013 - 2016
- Neuronal and glial interactions of neuropathic pain awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2016
- Resolvins, protectins, and chronic pain resolution awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2015
- Resolvin modulation of TRP channel function and evoked hyperexcitability in human sensory neurons awarded by Pfizer, Inc. 2014 - 2015
External Relationships
- Ascletis Pharmaceuticals
- Boston Scientific Corporation
- Ono pharma USA, Inc.
- Releviate, LLC
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Chen, Yong, Zi-Long Wang, Michele Yeo, Qiao-Juan Zhang, Ana E. López-Romero, Hui-Ping Ding, Xin Zhang, et al. “Epithelia-Sensory Neuron Cross Talk Underlies Cholestatic Itch Induced by Lysophosphatidylcholine.” Gastroenterology 161, no. 1 (July 2021): 301-317.e16. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.049.
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  - McGinnis, Aidan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Can a Western high-fat diet lead to painful neuropathy?” Nat Metab 3, no. 6 (June 2021): 735–36. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-021-00411-w.
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  - Mwirigi, Juliet, Moeno Kume, Shayne N. Hassler, Ayesha Ahmad, Pradipta R. Ray, Changyu Jiang, Alexander Chamessian, et al. “A Role for Protease Activated Receptor Type 3 (PAR3) in Nociception Demonstrated Through Development of a Novel Peptide Agonist.” J Pain 22, no. 6 (June 2021): 692–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.006.
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  - Zhao, Junli, Alexus Roberts, Zilong Wang, Justin Savage, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Emerging Role of PD-1 in the Central Nervous System and Brain Diseases.” Neurosci Bull, April 20, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-021-00683-y.
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  - Bang, Sangsu, Christopher R. Donnelly, Xin Luo, Maria Toro-Moreno, Xueshu Tao, Zilong Wang, Sharat Chandra, Andrey V. Bortsov, Emily R. Derbyshire, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Activation of GPR37 in macrophages confers protection against infection-induced sepsis and pain-like behaviour in mice.” Nat Commun 12, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 1704. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21940-8.
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  - Wang, Zilong, Changyu Jiang, Hongyu Yao, Ouyang Chen, Sreya Rahman, Yun Gu, Junli Zhao, Yul Huh, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Central opioid receptors mediate morphine-induced itch and chronic itch via disinhibition.” Brain 144, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 665–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa430.
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  - Brigham, Natasha C., Ru-Rong Ji, and Matthew L. Becker. “Degradable polymeric vehicles for postoperative pain management.” Nat Commun 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1367. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21438-3.
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  - Deerhake, M Elizabeth, Keiko Danzaki, Makoto Inoue, Emre D. Cardakli, Toshiaki Nonaka, Nupur Aggarwal, William E. Barclay, Ru-Rong Ji, and Mari L. Shinohara. “Dectin-1 limits autoimmune neuroinflammation and promotes myeloid cell-astrocyte crosstalk via Card9-independent expression of Oncostatin M.” Immunity 54, no. 3 (March 2021): 484-498.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.01.004.
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  - Donnelly, Christopher R., Changyu Jiang, Amanda S. Andriessen, Kaiyuan Wang, Zilong Wang, Huiping Ding, Junli Zhao, et al. “STING controls nociception via type I interferon signalling in sensory neurons.” Nature 591, no. 7849 (March 2021): 275–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03151-1.
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  - Brigham, Natasha C., Rebecca Nofsinger, Xin Luo, Nathan Z. Dreger, Alexandra K. Abel, Tiffany P. Gustafson, Seth P. Forster, Andre Hermans, Ru-Rong Ji, and Matthew L. Becker. “Controlled release of etoricoxib from poly(ester urea) films for post-operative pain management.” J Control Release 329 (January 10, 2021): 316–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.052.
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  - Andriessen, Amanda S., Christopher R. Donnelly, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Reciprocal interactions between osteoclasts and nociceptive sensory neurons in bone cancer pain.” Pain Rep 6, no. 1 (2021): e867. https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000867.
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  - Rimola, Vittoria, Lisa Hahnefeld, Junli Zhao, Changyu Jiang, Carlo Angioni, Yannick Schreiber, Tabea Osthues, et al. “Lysophospholipids Contribute to Oxaliplatin-Induced Acute Peripheral Pain.” J Neurosci 40, no. 49 (December 2, 2020): 9519–32. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1223-20.2020.
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  - Jiang, Changyu, Zilong Wang, Christopher R. Donnelly, Kaiyuan Wang, Amanda S. Andriessen, Xueshu Tao, Megumi Matsuda, Junli Zhao, and Ru-Rong Ji. “PD-1 Regulates GABAergic Neurotransmission and GABA-Mediated Analgesia and Anesthesia.” Iscience 23, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): 101570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101570.
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  - Donnelly, Christopher R., Ouyang Chen, and Ru-Rong Ji. “How Do Sensory Neurons Sense Danger Signals?” Trends Neurosci 43, no. 10 (October 2020): 822–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.07.008.
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  - Chandra, Sharat, Zilong Wang, Xueshu Tao, Ouyang Chen, Xin Luo, Ru-Rong Ji, and Andrey V. Bortsov. “Computer-aided Discovery of a New Nav1.7 Inhibitor for Treatment of Pain and Itch.” Anesthesiology 133, no. 3 (September 2020): 611–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000003427.
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  - Chandra, Sharat, Zilong Wang, Xueshu Tao, Ouyang Chen, Xin Luo, Ru-Rong Ji, and Andrey V. Bortsov. “Computer-aided Discovery of a New Nav1.7 Inhibitor for Treatment of Pain and Itch.” Anesthesiology 133, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 611–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000003427.
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  - Donnelly, Christopher R., Amanda S. Andriessen, Gang Chen, Kaiyuan Wang, Changyu Jiang, William Maixner, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Central Nervous System Targets: Glial Cell Mechanisms in Chronic Pain.” Neurotherapeutics 17, no. 3 (July 2020): 846–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-020-00905-7.
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  - Tao, Xueshu, Michael S. Lee, Christopher R. Donnelly, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Neuromodulation, Specialized Proresolving Mediators, and Resolution of Pain.” Neurotherapeutics 17, no. 3 (July 2020): 886–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-020-00892-9.
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  - Wang, Kaiyuan, Yun Gu, Yihan Liao, Sangsu Bang, Christopher R. Donnelly, Ouyang Chen, Xueshu Tao, Anthony J. Mirando, Matthew J. Hilton, and Ru-Rong Ji. “PD-1 blockade inhibits osteoclast formation and murine bone cancer pain.” J Clin Invest 130, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 3603–20. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI133334.
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  - Lee, Jun-Ho, Chul-Kyu Park, Gang Chen, Qingjian Han, Rou-Gang Xie, Tong Liu, Ru-Rong Ji, and Seok-Yong Lee. “Retraction Notice to: A Monoclonal Antibody that Targets a NaV1.7 Channel Voltage Sensor for Pain and Itch Relief.” Cell 181, no. 7 (June 25, 2020): 1695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.019.
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  - Chen, Ouyang, Christopher R. Donnelly, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Regulation of pain by neuro-immune interactions between macrophages and nociceptor sensory neurons.” Curr Opin Neurobiol 62 (June 2020): 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.006.
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  - Buchheit, Thomas, Yul Huh, William Maixner, Jianguo Cheng, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Neuroimmune modulation of pain and regenerative pain medicine.” J Clin Invest 130, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 2164–76. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI134439.
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  - Mishra, Santosh K., Joshua J. Wheeler, Saumitra Pitake, Huiping Ding, Changyu Jiang, Tomoki Fukuyama, Judy S. Paps, et al. “Periostin Activation of Integrin Receptors on Sensory Neurons Induces Allergic Itch.” Cell Rep 31, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 107472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.036.
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  - Suo, Yang, Zilong Wang, Lejla Zubcevic, Allen L. Hsu, Qianru He, Mario J. Borgnia, Ru-Rong Ji, and Seok-Yong Lee. “Structural Insights into Electrophile Irritant Sensing by the Human TRPA1 Channel.” Neuron 105, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 882-894.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.11.023.
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  - Wang, Zilong, Changyu Jiang, Qianru He, Megumi Matsuda, Qingjian Han, Kaiyuan Wang, Sangsu Bang, Huiping Ding, Mei-Chuan Ko, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Anti-PD-1 treatment impairs opioid antinociception in rodents and nonhuman primates.” Sci Transl Med 12, no. 531 (February 19, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw6471.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Christopher R. Donnelly, and Maiken Nedergaard. “Astrocytes in chronic pain and itch.” Nat Rev Neurosci 20, no. 11 (November 2019): 667–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-019-0218-1.
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  - Zhu, Cheng, Qingjian Han, Alexander Samoshkin, Marino Convertino, Alexander Linton, Edgar M. Faison, Ru-Rong Ji, Luda Diatchenko, and Nikolay V. Dokholyan. “Stabilization of μ-opioid receptor facilitates its cellular translocation and signaling.” Proteins 87, no. 10 (October 2019): 878–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.25751.
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  - Wang, Zilong, Christopher R. Donnelly, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Scratching after Stroking and Poking: A Spinal Circuit Underlying Mechanical Itch.” Neuron 103, no. 6 (September 25, 2019): 952–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.009.
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  - Luo, Xin, Yul Huh, Sangsu Bang, Qianru He, Linlin Zhang, Megumi Matsuda, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Macrophage Toll-like Receptor 9 Contributes to Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Male Mice.” J Neurosci 39, no. 35 (August 28, 2019): 6848–64. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3257-18.2019.
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  - Lopez, Tyler, Zahid Mustafa, Chuan Chen, Ki Baek Lee, Aaron Ramirez, Chris Benitez, Xin Luo, Ru-Rong Ji, and Xin Ge. “Functional selection of protease inhibitory antibodies.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116, no. 33 (August 13, 2019): 16314–19. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903330116.
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  - Chamessian, Alexander, Megumi Matsuda, Michael Young, Michelle Wang, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Di Liu, Brielle Tobin, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Thomas Van de Ven, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Is Optogenetic Activation of Vglut1-Positive Aβ Low-Threshold Mechanoreceptors Sufficient to Induce Tactile Allodynia in Mice after Nerve Injury?” J Neurosci 39, no. 31 (July 31, 2019): 6202–15. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2064-18.2019.
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  - Suarez-Roca, Heberto, Rebecca Y. Klinger, Mihai V. Podgoreanu, Ru-Rong Ji, Martin I. Sigurdsson, Nathan Waldron, Joseph P. Mathew, and William Maixner. “Contribution of Baroreceptor Function to Pain Perception and Perioperative Outcomes.” Anesthesiology 130, no. 4 (April 2019): 634–50. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002510.
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  - Chen, Gang, Yong Ho Kim, Hui Li, Hao Luo, Da-Lu Liu, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Mark Lay, Wonseok Chang, Yu-Qiu Zhang, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Author Correction: PD-L1 inhibits acute and chronic pain by suppressing nociceptive neuron activity via PD-1.” Nat Neurosci 22, no. 3 (March 2019): 503. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0323-x.
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  - Matsuda, Megumi, Yul Huh, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Roles of inflammation, neurogenic inflammation, and neuroinflammation in pain.” J Anesth 33, no. 1 (February 2019): 131–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-018-2579-4.
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  - Cheng, Ruo-Xiao, Yu Feng, Di Liu, Zhi-Hong Wang, Jiang-Tao Zhang, Li-Hua Chen, Cun-Jin Su, et al. “The role of Nav1.7 and methylglyoxal-mediated activation of TRPA1 in itch and hypoalgesia in a murine model of type 1 diabetes.” Theranostics 9, no. 15 (2019): 4287–4307. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.36077.
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  - Luo, Xin, Yun Gu, Xueshu Tao, Charles Nicholas Serhan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Resolvin D5 Inhibits Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain in Male But Not Female Mice: Distinct Actions of D-Series Resolvins in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.” Front Pharmacol 10 (2019): 745. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00745.
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  - Chen, Gang, Yu-Qiu Zhang, Yawar J. Qadri, Charles N. Serhan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Microglia in Pain: Detrimental and Protective Roles in Pathogenesis and Resolution of Pain.” Neuron 100, no. 6 (December 19, 2018): 1292–1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.009.
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  - Han, Qingjian, Di Liu, Marino Convertino, Zilong Wang, Changyu Jiang, Yong Ho Kim, Xin Luo, et al. “miRNA-711 Binds and Activates TRPA1 Extracellularly to Evoke Acute and Chronic Pruritus.” Neuron 99, no. 3 (August 8, 2018): 449-463.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.039.
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  - Bang, Sangsu, Ya-Kai Xie, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Zilong Wang, Zhen-Zhong Xu, and Ru-Rong Ji. “GPR37 regulates macrophage phagocytosis and resolution of inflammatory pain.” J Clin Invest 128, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 3568–82. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI99888.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Andrea Nackley, Yul Huh, Niccolò Terrando, and William Maixner. “Neuroinflammation and Central Sensitization in Chronic and Widespread Pain.” Anesthesiology 129, no. 2 (August 2018): 343–66. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002130.
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  - Luo, Xin, Bethany Fitzsimmons, Apoorva Mohan, Linlin Zhang, Niccolo Terrando, Holly Kordasiewicz, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Intrathecal administration of antisense oligonucleotide against p38α but not p38β MAP kinase isoform reduces neuropathic and postoperative pain and TLR4-induced pain in male mice.” Brain Behav Immun 72 (August 2018): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.007.
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  - Price, Theodore J., Allan I. Basbaum, Jacqueline Bresnahan, Jan F. Chambers, Yves De Koninck, Robert R. Edwards, Ru-Rong Ji, et al. “Transition to chronic pain: opportunities for novel therapeutics.” Nat Rev Neurosci 19, no. 7 (July 2018): 383–84. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0012-5.
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  - Chamessian, Alexander, Michael Young, Yawar Qadri, Temugin Berta, Ru-Rong Ji, and Thomas Van de Ven. “Transcriptional Profiling of Somatostatin Interneurons in the Spinal Dorsal Horn.” Sci Rep 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 6809. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25110-7.
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  - Qadri, Yawar J., and Ru-Rong Ji. “Dorsal root ganglia pulsed radiofrequency treatment alters the spinal immune environment.” Brain Behav Immun 70 (May 2018): 6–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.024.
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  - Bang, Sangsu, Jiho Yoo, Xingrui Gong, Di Liu, Qingjian Han, Xin Luo, Wonseok Chang, et al. “Differential Inhibition of Nav1.7 and Neuropathic Pain by Hybridoma-Produced and Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies that Target Nav1.7 : Differential activities of Nav1.7-targeting monoclonal antibodies.” Neurosci Bull 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 22–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-018-0203-0.
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  - Chang, Wonseok, Temugin Berta, Yong Ho Kim, Sanghoon Lee, Seok-Yong Lee, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Expression and Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons with Special Focus on Nav1.7, Species Differences, and Regulation by Paclitaxel.” Neurosci Bull 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-017-0132-3.
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  - Chen, Gang, Xin Luo, M Yawar Qadri, Temugin Berta, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Sex-Dependent Glial Signaling in Pathological Pain: Distinct Roles of Spinal Microglia and Astrocytes.” Neurosci Bull 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-017-0145-y.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong. “Recent Progress in Understanding the Mechanisms of Pain and Itch: the Second Special Issue.” Neurosci Bull 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-018-0204-z.
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  - Miao, Xiuhua, Ya Huang, Teng-Teng Liu, Ran Guo, Bing Wang, Xue-Long Wang, Li-Hua Chen, Yan Zhou, Ru-Rong Ji, and Tong Liu. “TNF-α/TNFR1 Signaling is Required for the Full Expression of Acute and Chronic Itch in Mice via Peripheral and Central Mechanisms.” Neurosci Bull 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-017-0124-3.
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  - Xie, Rou-Gang, Yong-Jing Gao, Chul-Kyu Park, Ning Lu, Ceng Luo, Wen-Ting Wang, Sheng-Xi Wu, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Spinal CCL2 Promotes Central Sensitization, Long-Term Potentiation, and Inflammatory Pain via CCR2: Further Insights into Molecular, Synaptic, and Cellular Mechanisms.” Neurosci Bull 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-017-0106-5.
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  - Zhang, Linlin, Niccolò Terrando, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Sangsu Bang, Sven-Eric Jordt, William Maixner, Charles N. Serhan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Distinct Analgesic Actions of DHA and DHA-Derived Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators on Post-operative Pain After Bone Fracture in Mice.” Front Pharmacol 9 (2018): 412. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00412.
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  - Stogsdill, Jeff A., Juan Ramirez, Di Liu, Yong Ho Kim, Katherine T. Baldwin, Eray Enustun, Tiffany Ejikeme, Ru-Rong Ji, and Cagla Eroglu. “Astrocytic neuroligins control astrocyte morphogenesis and synaptogenesis.” Nature 551, no. 7679 (November 8, 2017): 192–97. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24638.
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  - Chamessian, Alexander, and Ru-Rong Ji. “A new optogenetic device for spinal cord control of pain.” Pain 158, no. 11 (November 2017): 2059–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001020.
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  - Pappas, Andrea L., Alexandra L. Bey, Xiaoming Wang, Mark Rossi, Yong Ho Kim, Haidun Yan, Fiona Porkka, et al. “Deficiency of Shank2 causes mania-like behavior that responds to mood stabilizers.” Jci Insight 2, no. 20 (October 19, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.92052.
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  - Berta, Temugin, Florence E. Perrin, Marie Pertin, Raquel Tonello, Yen-Chin Liu, Alexander Chamessian, Ann C. Kato, Ru-Rong Ji, and Isabelle Decosterd. “Gene Expression Profiling of Cutaneous Injured and Non-Injured Nociceptors in SNI Animal Model of Neuropathic Pain.” Sci Rep 7, no. 1 (August 24, 2017): 9367. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08865-3.
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  - Berta, Temugin, Yawar Qadri, Ping-Heng Tan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Targeting dorsal root ganglia and primary sensory neurons for the treatment of chronic pain.” Expert Opin Ther Targets 21, no. 7 (July 2017): 695–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2017.1328057.
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  - Chen, Gang, Yong Ho Kim, Hui Li, Hao Luo, Da-Lu Liu, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Mark Lay, Wonseok Chang, Yu-Qiu Zhang, and Ru-Rong Ji. “PD-L1 inhibits acute and chronic pain by suppressing nociceptive neuron activity via PD-1.” Nat Neurosci 20, no. 7 (July 2017): 917–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4571.
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  - Huh, Yul, Ru-Rong Ji, and Gang Chen. “Neuroinflammation, Bone Marrow Stem Cells, and Chronic Pain.” Front Immunol 8 (2017): 1014. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01014.
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  - Han, Qingjian, Yong Ho Kim, Xiaoming Wang, Di Liu, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Alexandra L. Bey, Mark Lay, et al. “SHANK3 Deficiency Impairs Heat Hyperalgesia and TRPV1 Signaling in Primary Sensory Neurons.” Neuron 92, no. 6 (December 21, 2016): 1279–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.007.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Alexander Chamessian, and Yu-Qiu Zhang. “Pain regulation by non-neuronal cells and inflammation.” Science 354, no. 6312 (November 4, 2016): 572–77. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8924.
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  - Sisignano, Marco, Carlo Angioni, Chul-Kyu Park, Sascha Meyer Dos Santos, Holger Jordan, Maria Kuzikov, Di Liu, et al. “Targeting CYP2J to reduce paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113, no. 44 (November 1, 2016): 12544–49. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613246113.
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  - Liu, Chien-Cheng, Yong-Jing Gao, Hao Luo, Temugin Berta, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Ru-Rong Ji, and Ping-Heng Tan. “Interferon alpha inhibits spinal cord synaptic and nociceptive transmission via neuronal-glial interactions.” Sci Rep 6 (September 27, 2016): 34356. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34356.
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  - Berta, T., Y. J. Qadri, G. Chen, and R. R. Ji. “Microglial Signaling in Chronic Pain with a Special Focus on Caspase 6, p38 MAP Kinase, and Sex Dependence.” J Dent Res 95, no. 10 (September 2016): 1124–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516653604.
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  - Chen, Gang, Rou-Gang Xie, Yong-Jing Gao, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Lin-Xia Zhao, Sangsu Bang, Temugin Berta, et al. “β-arrestin-2 regulates NMDA receptor function in spinal lamina II neurons and duration of persistent pain.” Nat Commun 7 (August 19, 2016): 12531. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12531.
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  - Taves, Sarah, Temugin Berta, Da-Lu Liu, Sophie Gan, Gang Chen, Yong Ho Kim, Thomas Van de Ven, Stefan Laufer, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Spinal inhibition of p38 MAP kinase reduces inflammatory and neuropathic pain in male but not female mice: Sex-dependent microglial signaling in the spinal cord.” Brain Behav Immun 55 (July 2016): 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.10.006.
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  - Liu, Xing-Jun, Tong Liu, Gang Chen, Bing Wang, Xiao-Lu Yu, Cui Yin, and Ru-Rong Ji. “TLR signaling adaptor protein MyD88 in primary sensory neurons contributes to persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation.” Sci Rep 6 (June 17, 2016): 28188. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28188.
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  - Martini, Alessandra Cadete, Temugin Berta, Stefânia Forner, Gang Chen, Allisson Freire Bento, Ru-Rong Ji, and Giles Alexander Rae. “Lipoxin A4 inhibits microglial activation and reduces neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain after spinal cord hemisection.” J Neuroinflammation 13, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-016-0540-8.
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  - Liu, Tong, Qingjian Han, Gang Chen, Ya Huang, Lin-Xia Zhao, Temugin Berta, Yong-Jing Gao, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to chronic itch, alloknesis, and spinal astrocyte activation in male mice.” Pain 157, no. 4 (April 2016): 806–17. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000439.
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  - Jiang, Bao-Chun, De-Li Cao, Xin Zhang, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Li-Na He, Chun-Hua Li, Wen-Wen Zhang, et al. “CXCL13 drives spinal astrocyte activation and neuropathic pain via CXCR5.” J Clin Invest 126, no. 2 (February 2016): 745–61. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI81950.
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  - Singh, Sandeep K., Jeff A. Stogsdill, Nisha S. Pulimood, Hayley Dingsdale, Yong Ho Kim, Louis-Jan Pilaz, Il Hwan Kim, et al. “Astrocytes Assemble Thalamocortical Synapses by Bridging NRX1α and NL1 via Hevin.” Cell 164, no. 1–2 (January 14, 2016): 183–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.034.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong. “Neuroimmune interactions in itch: Do chronic itch, chronic pain, and chronic cough share similar mechanisms?” Pulm Pharmacol Ther 35 (December 2015): 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2015.09.001.
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  - Xu, Zhen-Zhong, Yong Ho Kim, Sangsu Bang, Yi Zhang, Temugin Berta, Fan Wang, Seog Bae Oh, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Inhibition of mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain by TLR5-mediated A-fiber blockade.” Nat Med 21, no. 11 (November 2015): 1326–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3978.
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  - Chen, Gang, Chul-Kyu Park, Rou-Gang Xie, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Intrathecal bone marrow stromal cells inhibit neuropathic pain via TGF-β secretion.” J Clin Invest 125, no. 8 (August 3, 2015): 3226–40. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI80883.
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  - Sorge, Robert E., Josiane C. S. Mapplebeck, Sarah Rosen, Simon Beggs, Sarah Taves, Jessica K. Alexander, Loren J. Martin, et al. “Different immune cells mediate mechanical pain hypersensitivity in male and female mice.” Nat Neurosci 18, no. 8 (August 2015): 1081–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4053.
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  - Zhang, Tianhe C., John J. Janik, Ryan V. Peters, Gang Chen, Ru-Rong Ji, and Warren M. Grill. “Spinal sensory projection neuron responses to spinal cord stimulation are mediated by circuits beyond gate control.” J Neurophysiol 114, no. 1 (July 2015): 284–300. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00147.2015.
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  - Yang, Yan, Hui Li, Ting-Ting Li, Hao Luo, Xi-Yao Gu, Ning Lü, Ru-Rong Ji, and Yu-Qiu Zhang. “Delayed activation of spinal microglia contributes to the maintenance of bone cancer pain in female Wistar rats via P2X7 receptor and IL-18.” J Neurosci 35, no. 20 (May 20, 2015): 7950–63. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5250-14.2015.
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  - Loggia, Marco L., Daniel B. Chonde, Oluwaseun Akeju, Grae Arabasz, Ciprian Catana, Robert R. Edwards, Elena Hill, et al. “Evidence for brain glial activation in chronic pain patients.” Brain 138, no. Pt 3 (March 2015): 604–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu377.
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  - McKelvey, Rebecca, Temugin Berta, Elizabeth Old, Ru-Rong Ji, and Maria Fitzgerald. “Neuropathic pain is constitutively suppressed in early life by anti-inflammatory neuroimmune regulation.” J Neurosci 35, no. 2 (January 14, 2015): 457–66. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2315-14.2015.
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  - Taves, Sarah, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Itch control by Toll-like receptors.” Handb Exp Pharmacol 226 (2015): 135–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44605-8_7.
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  - Lu, Ying, Bao-Chun Jiang, De-Li Cao, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Xin Zhang, Ru-Rong Ji, and Yong-Jing Gao. “TRAF6 upregulation in spinal astrocytes maintains neuropathic pain by integrating TNF-α and IL-1β signaling.” Pain 155, no. 12 (December 2014): 2618–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.027.
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  - Cao, De-Li, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Rou-Gang Xie, Bao-Chun Jiang, Ru-Rong Ji, and Yong-Jing Gao. “Chemokine CXCL1 enhances inflammatory pain and increases NMDA receptor activity and COX-2 expression in spinal cord neurons via activation of CXCR2.” Exp Neurol 261 (November 2014): 328–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.014.
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  - Chen, Gang, Chul-Kyu Park, Rou-Gang Xie, Temugin Berta, Maiken Nedergaard, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Connexin-43 induces chemokine release from spinal cord astrocytes to maintain late-phase neuropathic pain in mice.” Brain 137, no. Pt 8 (August 2014): 2193–2209. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu140.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Zhen-Zhong Xu, and Yong-Jing Gao. “Emerging targets in neuroinflammation-driven chronic pain.” Nat Rev Drug Discov 13, no. 7 (July 2014): 533–48. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4334.
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  - Doyle, Jamie R., Subrahmanian T. Krishnaji, Guangli Zhu, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Daniel Heller, Ru-Rong Ji, Bruce D. Levy, Krishna Kumar, and Alan S. Kopin. “Development of a membrane-anchored chemerin receptor agonist as a novel modulator of allergic airway inflammation and neuropathic pain.” J Biol Chem 289, no. 19 (May 9, 2014): 13385–96. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.522680.
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  - Park, Chul-Kyu, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Temugin Berta, Qingjian Han, Gang Chen, Xing-Jun Liu, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Extracellular microRNAs activate nociceptor neurons to elicit pain via TLR7 and TRPA1.” Neuron 82, no. 1 (April 2, 2014): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.011.
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  - Berta, Temugin, Chul-Kyu Park, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Ruo-Gang Xie, Tong Liu, Ning Lü, Yen-Chin Liu, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Extracellular caspase-6 drives murine inflammatory pain via microglial TNF-α secretion.” J Clin Invest 124, no. 3 (March 2014): 1173–86. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI72230.
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  - Lee, J. -. H., C. -. K. Park, G. Chen, Q. Han, R. -. G. Xie, T. Liu, R. -. R. Ji, and S. -. Y. Lee. “A Monoclonal Antibody that Targets a NaV1.7 Channel Voltage Sensor for Pain and Itch Relief.” Cell, 2014.
  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Temugin Berta, and Maiken Nedergaard. “Glia and pain: is chronic pain a gliopathy?” Pain 154 Suppl 1 (December 2013): S10–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.022.
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  - Liu, Tong, and Ru-Rong Ji. “New insights into the mechanisms of itch: are pain and itch controlled by distinct mechanisms?” Pflugers Arch 465, no. 12 (December 2013): 1671–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-013-1284-2.
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  - Zhang, Zhi-Jun, De-Li Cao, Xin Zhang, Ru-Rong Ji, and Yong-Jing Gao. “Chemokine contribution to neuropathic pain: respective induction of CXCL1 and CXCR2 in spinal cord astrocytes and neurons.” Pain 154, no. 10 (October 2013): 2185–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.002.
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  - Berta, T., Y. -. C. Liu, Z. -. Z. Xu, and R. -. R. Ji. “Tissue plasminogen activator contributes to morphine tolerance and induces mechanical allodynia via astrocytic IL-1β and ERK signaling in the spinal cord of mice.” Neuroscience 247 (September 5, 2013): 376–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.018.
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  - Lu, Yan, Hailong Dong, Yandong Gao, Yuanyuan Gong, Yingna Ren, Nan Gu, Shudi Zhou, et al. “A feed-forward spinal cord glycinergic neural circuit gates mechanical allodynia.” J Clin Invest 123, no. 9 (September 2013): 4050–62. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI70026.
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  - Xu, Zhen-Zhong, Xing-Jun Liu, Temugin Berta, Chul-Kyu Park, Ning Lü, Charles N. Serhan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Neuroprotectin/protectin D1 protects against neuropathic pain in mice after nerve trauma.” Ann Neurol 74, no. 3 (September 2013): 490–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23928.
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  - Pagadala, Promila, Chul-Kyu Park, Sangsu Bang, Zheng-Zhong Xu, Rou-Gang Xie, Tong Liu, Bao-Xia Han, W Daniel Tracey, Fan Wang, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Loss of NR1 subunit of NMDARs in primary sensory neurons leads to hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity: involvement of Ca(2+)-activated small conductance potassium channels.” J Neurosci 33, no. 33 (August 14, 2013): 13425–30. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0454-13.2013.
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  - Xu, Zhen-Zhong, Temugin Berta, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Resolvin E1 inhibits neuropathic pain and spinal cord microglial activation following peripheral nerve injury.” J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 8, no. 1 (March 2013): 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-012-9394-8.
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  - Chi-Fei Wang, Jeffrey, Ching-Hsia Hung, Peter Gerner, Ru-Rong Ji, and Gary R. Strichartz. “The Qualitative Hyperalgesia Profile: A New Metric to Assess Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain.” Open Pain J 6 (2013): 190–98. https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301306010190.
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  - Taves, Sarah, Temugin Berta, Gang Chen, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Microglia and spinal cord synaptic plasticity in persistent pain.” Neural Plast 2013 (2013): 753656. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/753656.
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  - Chen, Michael J., Benjamin Kress, Xiaoning Han, Katherine Moll, Weiguo Peng, Ru-Rong Ji, and Maiken Nedergaard. “Astrocytic CX43 hemichannels and gap junctions play a crucial role in development of chronic neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury.” Glia 60, no. 11 (November 2012): 1660–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.22384.
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  - Liu, Tong, Temugin Berta, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Chul-Kyu Park, Ling Zhang, Ning Lü, Qin Liu, et al. “TLR3 deficiency impairs spinal cord synaptic transmission, central sensitization, and pruritus in mice.” J Clin Invest 122, no. 6 (June 2012): 2195–2207. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI45414.
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  - Sisignano, Marco, Chul-Kyu Park, Carlo Angioni, Dong Dong Zhang, Christian von Hehn, Enrique J. Cobos, Nader Ghasemlou, et al. “5,6-EET is released upon neuronal activity and induces mechanical pain hypersensitivity via TRPA1 on central afferent terminals.” J Neurosci 32, no. 18 (May 2, 2012): 6364–72. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5793-11.2012.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong. “Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of pain and itch.” Neurosci Bull 28, no. 2 (April 2012): 89–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-012-1220-z.
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  - Liu, Tong, Yong-Jing Gao, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Emerging role of Toll-like receptors in the control of pain and itch.” Neurosci Bull 28, no. 2 (April 2012): 131–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-012-1219-5.
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  - Liu, Tong, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Oxidative stress induces itch via activation of transient receptor potential subtype ankyrin 1 in mice.” Neurosci Bull 28, no. 2 (April 2012): 145–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-012-1207-9.
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  - Serhan, Charles N., Jesmond Dalli, Sergey Karamnov, Alexander Choi, Chul-Kyu Park, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Ru-Rong Ji, Min Zhu, and Nicos A. Petasis. “Macrophage proresolving mediator maresin 1 stimulates tissue regeneration and controls pain.” Faseb J 26, no. 4 (April 2012): 1755–65. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.11-201442.
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  - Tan, P. H., Y. J. Gao, T. Berta, Z. Z. Xu, and R. R. Ji. “Short small-interfering RNAs produce interferon-α-mediated analgesia.” Br J Anaesth 108, no. 4 (April 2012): 662–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer492.
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  - Liu, Yen-Chin, Temugin Berta, Tong Liu, Ping-Heng Tan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Acute morphine induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 up-regulation in primary sensory neurons to mask opioid-induced analgesia in mice.” Mol Pain 8 (March 25, 2012): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-8-19.
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  - Berta, Temugin, Tong Liu, Yen-Chin Liu, Zhen-Zhong Xu, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Acute morphine activates satellite glial cells and up-regulates IL-1β in dorsal root ganglia in mice via matrix metalloprotease-9.” Mol Pain 8 (March 22, 2012): 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-8-18.
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  - Park, Chul-Kyu, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Tong Liu, Ning Lü, Charles N. Serhan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Resolvin D2 is a potent endogenous inhibitor for transient receptor potential subtype V1/A1, inflammatory pain, and spinal cord synaptic plasticity in mice: distinct roles of resolvin D1, D2, and E1.” J Neurosci 31, no. 50 (December 14, 2011): 18433–38. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4192-11.2011.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Gary Strichartz, and Charles N. Serhan. “Emerging roles of resolvins in the resolution of inflammation and pain.” Trends Neurosci 34, no. 11 (November 2011): 599–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2011.08.005.
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  - Park, Chul-Kyu, Ning Lü, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Tong Liu, Charles N. Serhan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Resolving TRPV1- and TNF-α-mediated spinal cord synaptic plasticity and inflammatory pain with neuroprotectin D1.” J Neurosci 31, no. 42 (October 19, 2011): 15072–85. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2443-11.2011.
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  - Xu, Zhen-Zhong, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Resolvins are potent analgesics for arthritic pain.” Br J Pharmacol 164, no. 2 (September 2011): 274–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01348.x.
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  - Wen, Yeong-Ray, Ping-Heng Tan, Jen-Kun Cheng, Yen-Chin Liu, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Microglia: a promising target for treating neuropathic and postoperative pain, and morphine tolerance.” J Formos Med Assoc 110, no. 8 (August 2011): 487–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-6646(11)60074-0.
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  - Brittain, Joel M., Djane B. Duarte, Sarah M. Wilson, Weiguo Zhu, Carrie Ballard, Philip L. Johnson, Naikui Liu, et al. “Suppression of inflammatory and neuropathic pain by uncoupling CRMP-2 from the presynaptic Ca²⁺ channel complex.” Nat Med 17, no. 7 (June 5, 2011): 822–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2345.
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  - Tsuda, Makoto, Yuta Kohro, Takayuki Yano, Tomoko Tsujikawa, Junko Kitano, Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh, Satoru Koyanagi, et al. “JAK-STAT3 pathway regulates spinal astrocyte proliferation and neuropathic pain maintenance in rats.” Brain 134, no. Pt 4 (April 2011): 1127–39. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr025.
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  - Zhang, Ling, Temugin Berta, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Tong Liu, Jong Yeon Park, and Ru-Rong Ji. “TNF-α contributes to spinal cord synaptic plasticity and inflammatory pain: distinct role of TNF receptor subtypes 1 and 2.” Pain 152, no. 2 (February 2011): 419–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.014.
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  - Suter, M. R., A. Siegenthaler, I. Decosterd, and R. R. Ji. “Perioperative nerve blockade: clues from the bench.” Anesthesiol Res Pract 2011 (2011): 124898. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/124898.
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  - Liu, Tong, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Chul-Kyu Park, Temugin Berta, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Toll-like receptor 7 mediates pruritus.” Nat Neurosci 13, no. 12 (December 2010): 1460–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2683.
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  - Gao, Yong-Jing, Ling Zhang, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Spinal injection of TNF-α-activated astrocytes produces persistent pain symptom mechanical allodynia by releasing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.” Glia 58, no. 15 (November 15, 2010): 1871–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.21056.
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  - Liu, Yang, Omar Abdel Samad, Ling Zhang, Bo Duan, Qingchun Tong, Claudia Lopes, Ru-Rong Ji, Bradford B. Lowell, and Qiufu Ma. “VGLUT2-dependent glutamate release from nociceptors is required to sense pain and suppress itch.” Neuron 68, no. 3 (November 4, 2010): 543–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.008.
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  - Gao, Yong-Jing, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Light touch induces ERK activation in superficial dorsal horn neurons after inflammation: involvement of spinal astrocytes and JNK signaling in touch-evoked central sensitization and mechanical allodynia.” J Neurochem 115, no. 2 (October 2010): 505–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06946.x.
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  - Gao, Yong-Jing, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Targeting astrocyte signaling for chronic pain.” Neurotherapeutics 7, no. 4 (October 2010): 482–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurt.2010.05.016.
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  - Gosselin, Romain-Daniel, Marc R. Suter, Ru-Rong Ji, and Isabelle Decosterd. “Glial cells and chronic pain.” Neuroscientist 16, no. 5 (October 2010): 519–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858409360822.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong. “Targeting microglial purinergic signaling to improve morphine analgesia.” Pain 150, no. 3 (September 2010): 377–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.010.
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  - Xu, Zhen-Zhong, Ling Zhang, Tong Liu, Jong Yeon Park, Temugin Berta, Rong Yang, Charles N. Serhan, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Resolvins RvE1 and RvD1 attenuate inflammatory pain via central and peripheral actions.” Nat Med 16, no. 5 (May 2010): 592–97. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2123.
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  - Gao, Yong-Jing, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Chemokines, neuronal-glial interactions, and central processing of neuropathic pain.” Pharmacol Ther 126, no. 1 (April 2010): 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.002.
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  - Zeng, Qing, Zhong Yang, Yong-Jing Gao, Huaiping Yuan, Kemi Cui, Ying Shi, Hongyun Wang, et al. “Treating triple-negative breast cancer by a combination of rapamycin and cyclophosphamide: an in vivo bioluminescence imaging study.” Eur J Cancer 46, no. 6 (April 2010): 1132–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2010.01.014.
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  - Gao, Yong-Jing, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Yen-Chin Liu, Yeong-Ray Wen, Isabelle Decosterd, and Ru-Rong Ji. “The c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) in spinal astrocytes is required for the maintenance of bilateral mechanical allodynia under a persistent inflammatory pain condition.” Pain 148, no. 2 (February 2010): 309–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.017.
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  - Suter, Marc R., Temugin Berta, Yong-Jing Gao, Isabelle Decosterd, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Large A-fiber activity is required for microglial proliferation and p38 MAPK activation in the spinal cord: different effects of resiniferatoxin and bupivacaine on spinal microglial changes after spared nerve injury.” Mol Pain 5 (September 22, 2009): 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-5-53.
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  - Gao, Yong-Jing, Jen-Kun Cheng, Qing Zeng, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Isabelle Decosterd, Xiaoyin Xu, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Selective inhibition of JNK with a peptide inhibitor attenuates pain hypersensitivity and tumor growth in a mouse skin cancer pain model.” Exp Neurol 219, no. 1 (September 2009): 146–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.05.006.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Xiaoying Wang, and Eng H. Lo. “Matrix metalloprotease regulation of neuropathic pain.” Trends Pharmacol Sci 30, no. 7 (July 2009): 336–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2009.04.002.
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  - Kato, Go, Yasuhiko Kawasaki, Kohei Koga, Daisuke Uta, Masafumi Kosugi, Toshiharu Yasaka, Megumu Yoshimura, Ru-Rong Ji, and Andrew M. Strassman. “Organization of intralaminar and translaminar neuronal connectivity in the superficial spinal dorsal horn.” J Neurosci 29, no. 16 (April 22, 2009): 5088–99. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6175-08.2009.
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  - Gao, Yong-Jing, Ling Zhang, Omar Abdel Samad, Marc R. Suter, Kawasaki Yasuhiko, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Jong-Yeon Park, Anne-Li Lind, Qiufu Ma, and Ru-Rong Ji. “JNK-induced MCP-1 production in spinal cord astrocytes contributes to central sensitization and neuropathic pain.” J Neurosci 29, no. 13 (April 1, 2009): 4096–4108. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3623-08.2009.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Robert W. Gereau, Marzia Malcangio, and Gary R. Strichartz. “MAP kinase and pain.” Brain Res Rev 60, no. 1 (April 2009): 135–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.12.011.
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  - Cao, Hong, Yong-Jing Gao, Wen-Hua Ren, Ting-Ting Li, Kai-Zheng Duan, Yi-Hui Cui, Xiao-Hua Cao, Zhi-Qi Zhao, Ru-Rong Ji, and Yu-Qiu Zhang. “Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to the induction and expression of affective pain.” J Neurosci 29, no. 10 (March 11, 2009): 3307–21. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4300-08.2009.
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  - Ji, R. R. “MAP kinase and cell signaling in DRG neurons and spinal microglia in neuropathic pain,” January 1, 2009, 425–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0226-9_20.
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  - Ji, R. R., and Y. Kawasaki. “Pain and Plasticity,” January 1, 2009, 361–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045046-9.01931-8.
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  - Wen, Yeong-Ray, Marc R. Suter, Ru-Rong Ji, Geng-Chang Yeh, Yen-Sheng Wu, Kuo-Ching Wang, Tatsuro Kohno, Wei-Zen Sun, and Chia-Chuan Wang. “Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia contributes to incision-induced mechanical allodynia.” Anesthesiology 110, no. 1 (January 2009): 155–65. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e318190bc16.
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  - Binshtok, Alexander M., Haibin Wang, Katharina Zimmermann, Fumimasa Amaya, Daniel Vardeh, Lin Shi, Gary J. Brenner, et al. “Nociceptors are interleukin-1beta sensors.” J Neurosci 28, no. 52 (December 24, 2008): 14062–73. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3795-08.2008.
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  - Cheng, Jen-Kun, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Intracellular signaling in primary sensory neurons and persistent pain.” Neurochem Res 33, no. 10 (October 2008): 1970–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9711-z.
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  - Wang, Chi-Fei, Peter Gerner, Birgitta Schmidt, Zhen Zhong Xu, Carla Nau, Sho-Ya Wang, Ru-Rong Ji, and Ging Kuo Wang. “Use of bulleyaconitine A as an adjuvant for prolonged cutaneous analgesia in the rat.” Anesth Analg 107, no. 4 (October 2008): 1397–1405. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e318182401b.
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  - Gao, Yong-Jing, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Activation of JNK pathway in persistent pain.” Neurosci Lett 437, no. 3 (June 6, 2008): 180–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.03.017.
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  - Kawasaki, Yasuhiko, Ling Zhang, Jen-Kun Cheng, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Cytokine mechanisms of central sensitization: distinct and overlapping role of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in regulating synaptic and neuronal activity in the superficial spinal cord.” J Neurosci 28, no. 20 (May 14, 2008): 5189–94. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3338-07.2008.
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  - Constantin, Cristina E., Norbert Mair, Claudia A. Sailer, Manfred Andratsch, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Michael J. F. Blumer, Nadja Scherbakov, et al. “Endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) requires TNF receptor type 2 to generate heat hyperalgesia in a mouse cancer model.” J Neurosci 28, no. 19 (May 7, 2008): 5072–81. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4476-07.2008.
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  - Kohno, Tatsuro, Haibin Wang, Fumimasa Amaya, Gary J. Brenner, Jen-Kun Cheng, Ru-Rong Ji, and Clifford J. Woolf. “Bradykinin enhances AMPA and NMDA receptor activity in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons by activating multiple kinases to produce pain hypersensitivity.” J Neurosci 28, no. 17 (April 23, 2008): 4533–40. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5349-07.2008.
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  - Kawasaki, Yasuhiko, Zhen-Zhong Xu, Xiaoying Wang, Jong Yeon Park, Zhi-Ye Zhuang, Ping-Heng Tan, Yong-Jing Gao, et al. “Distinct roles of matrix metalloproteases in the early- and late-phase development of neuropathic pain.” Nat Med 14, no. 3 (March 2008): 331–36. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1723.
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  - Berta, Temugin, Olivier Poirot, Marie Pertin, Ru-Rong Ji, Stephan Kellenberger, and Isabelle Decosterd. “Transcriptional and functional profiles of voltage-gated Na(+) channels in injured and non-injured DRG neurons in the SNI model of neuropathic pain.” Mol Cell Neurosci 37, no. 2 (February 2008): 196–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2007.09.007.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, and Marc R. Suter. “p38 MAPK, microglial signaling, and neuropathic pain.” Mol Pain 3 (November 1, 2007): 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-3-33.
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  - Suter, M. R., Y. R. Wen, I. Decosterd, and R. R. Ji. “Do glial cells control pain? (Neuron Glia Biology (August 2007) 3: 3 (255-268)).” Neuron Glia Biology 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 389. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X08000197.
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  - Zhang, Hua, Chun-Lei Cang, Yasuhiko Kawasaki, Ling-Li Liang, Yu-Qiu Zhang, Ru-Rong Ji, and Zhi-Qi Zhao. “Neurokinin-1 receptor enhances TRPV1 activity in primary sensory neurons via PKCepsilon: a novel pathway for heat hyperalgesia.” J Neurosci 27, no. 44 (October 31, 2007): 12067–77. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0496-07.2007.
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  - Suter, Marc R., Yeong-Ray Wen, Isabelle Decosterd, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Do glial cells control pain?” Neuron Glia Biol 3, no. 3 (August 2007): 255–68. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X08000100.
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  - Wen, Yeong-Ray, Marc R. Suter, Yasuhiko Kawasaki, Jin Huang, Marie Pertin, Tatsuro Kohno, Charles B. Berde, Isabelle Decosterd, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Nerve conduction blockade in the sciatic nerve prevents but does not reverse the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia in the rat spared nerve injury model.” Anesthesiology 107, no. 2 (August 2007): 312–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.anes.0000270759.11086.e7.
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  - Zhuang, Zhi-Ye, Yasuhiko Kawasaki, Ping-Heng Tan, Yeong-Ray Wen, Jing Huang, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Role of the CX3CR1/p38 MAPK pathway in spinal microglia for the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury-induced cleavage of fractalkine.” Brain Behav Immun 21, no. 5 (July 2007): 642–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2006.11.003.
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  - Kato, Go, Yasuhiko Kawasaki, Ru-Rong Ji, and Andrew M. Strassman. “Differential wiring of local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to islet cells in rat spinal lamina II demonstrated by laser scanning photostimulation.” J Physiol 580, no. Pt.3 (May 1, 2007): 815–33. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.128314.
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  - Ji, R. R., Y. Kawasaki, Z. Y. Zhuang, Y. R. Wen, and Y. Q. Zhang. “Protein kinases as potential targets for the treatment of pathological pain.” Handb Exp Pharmacol, no. 177 (2007): 359–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33823-9_13.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Yasuhiko Kawasaki, Zhi-Ye Zhuang, Yeong-Ray Wen, and Isabelle Decosterd. “Possible role of spinal astrocytes in maintaining chronic pain sensitization: review of current evidence with focus on bFGF/JNK pathway.” Neuron Glia Biol 2, no. 4 (November 2006): 259–69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X07000403.
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  - Amaya, Fumimasa, Goshun Shimosato, Yasuhiko Kawasaki, Satoru Hashimoto, Yoshifumi Tanaka, Ru-Rong Ji, and Masaki Tanaka. “Induction of CB1 cannabinoid receptor by inflammation in primary afferent neurons facilitates antihyperalgesic effect of peripheral CB1 agonist.” Pain 124, no. 1–2 (September 2006): 175–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.04.001.
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  - Ren, W. H., J. D. Guo, H. Cao, H. Wang, P. F. Wang, H. Sha, R. R. Ji, Z. Q. Zhao, and Y. Q. Zhang. “Erratum: Is endogenous D-serine in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex necessary for pain-related negative affect? (Journal of Neurochemistry (2006) 96, (1636-1647)).” Journal of Neurochemistry 98, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 1344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04046.x.
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  - Beloeil, Hélène, Ru-Rong Ji, and Charles B. Berde. “Effects of bupivacaine and tetrodotoxin on carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats (Part 2): cytokines and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord.” Anesthesiology 105, no. 1 (July 2006): 139–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200607000-00023.
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  - Ji, R. R., and Y. R. Wen. “Neural-glial interaction in the spinal cord for the development and maintenance of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.” Drug Development Research 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 331–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.20097.
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  - Zhuang, Zhi-Ye, Yeong-Ray Wen, De-Ren Zhang, Tiziana Borsello, Christophe Bonny, Gary R. Strichartz, Isabelle Decosterd, and Ru-Rong Ji. “A peptide c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor blocks mechanical allodynia after spinal nerve ligation: respective roles of JNK activation in primary sensory neurons and spinal astrocytes for neuropathic pain development and maintenance.” J Neurosci 26, no. 13 (March 29, 2006): 3551–60. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5290-05.2006.
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  - Ren, Wen-Hua, Ji-Dong Guo, Hong Cao, Hua Wang, Pei-Fen Wang, Hong Sha, Ru-Rong Ji, Zhi-Qi Zhao, and Yu-Qiu Zhang. “Is endogenous D-serine in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex necessary for pain-related negative affect?” J Neurochem 96, no. 6 (March 2006): 1636–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03677.x.
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  - Kawasaki, Yasuhiko, Tatsuro Kohno, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Different effects of opioid and cannabinoid receptor agonists on C-fiber-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in dorsal horn neurons in normal and spinal nerve-ligated rats.” J Pharmacol Exp Ther 316, no. 2 (February 2006): 601–7. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.105.093583.
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  - Ji, R. R., and Y. Q. Zhang. “The role of MAP kinase cascades in cell signaling, neural plasticity and pain facilitation.” Neuroscience Bulletin 21, no. 1 (December 1, 2005): 3–9.
  - Zhang, Y. Q., Z. Q. Zhao, and R. R. Ji. “Emotional distress and related memory of pain: A neurobiological review.” Neuroscience Bulletin 21, no. 1 (December 1, 2005): 10–18.
  - Pertin, Marie, Ru-Rong Ji, Temugin Berta, Andrew J. Powell, Laurie Karchewski, Simon N. Tate, Lori L. Isom, et al. “Upregulation of the voltage-gated sodium channel beta2 subunit in neuropathic pain models: characterization of expression in injured and non-injured primary sensory neurons.” J Neurosci 25, no. 47 (November 23, 2005): 10970–80. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3066-05.2005.
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  - Kohno, Tatsuro, Ru-Rong Ji, Nobuko Ito, Andrew J. Allchorne, Katia Befort, Laurie A. Karchewski, and Clifford J. Woolf. “Peripheral axonal injury results in reduced mu opioid receptor pre- and post-synaptic action in the spinal cord.” Pain 117, no. 1–2 (September 2005): 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2005.05.035.
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  - Wang, Haibin, Tatsuro Kohno, Fumimasa Amaya, Gary J. Brenner, Nobuko Ito, Andrew Allchorne, Ru-Rong Ji, and Clifford J. Woolf. “Bradykinin produces pain hypersensitivity by potentiating spinal cord glutamatergic synaptic transmission.” J Neurosci 25, no. 35 (August 31, 2005): 7986–92. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2393-05.2005.
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  - Zhuang, Zhi-Ye, Peter Gerner, Clifford J. Woolf, and Ru-Rong Ji. “ERK is sequentially activated in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes by spinal nerve ligation and contributes to mechanical allodynia in this neuropathic pain model.” Pain 114, no. 1–2 (March 2005): 149–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.022.
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  - Kawasaki, Yasuhiko, Tatsuro Kohno, Zhi-Ye Zhuang, Gary J. Brenner, Haibin Wang, Catrien Van Der Meer, Katia Befort, Clifford J. Woolf, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and Src contribute to C-fiber-induced ERK activation and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in dorsal horn neurons, leading to central sensitization.” J Neurosci 24, no. 38 (September 22, 2004): 8310–21. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2396-04.2004.
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  - Zhuang, Zhi-Ye, Haoxing Xu, David E. Clapham, and Ru-Rong Ji. “Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activates ERK in primary sensory neurons and mediates inflammatory heat hyperalgesia through TRPV1 sensitization.” J Neurosci 24, no. 38 (September 22, 2004): 8300–8309. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2893-04.2004.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, and Gary Strichartz. “Cell signaling and the genesis of neuropathic pain.” Sci Stke 2004, no. 252 (September 21, 2004): reE14. https://doi.org/10.1126/stke.2522004re14.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong. “Peripheral and central mechanisms of inflammatory pain, with emphasis on MAP kinases.” Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 3, no. 3 (September 2004): 299–303. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568010043343804.
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  - Brenner, Gary J., Ru-Rong Ji, Sebastian Shaffer, and Clifford J. Woolf. “Peripheral noxious stimulation induces phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit at the PKC-dependent site, serine-896, in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons.” Eur J Neurosci 20, no. 2 (July 2004): 375–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03506.x.
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  - Samad, Tarek A., Ashok Srinivasan, Laurie A. Karchewski, Sung-Jin Jeong, Jason A. Campagna, Ru-Rong Ji, David A. Fabrizio, et al. “DRAGON: a member of the repulsive guidance molecule-related family of neuronal- and muscle-expressed membrane proteins is regulated by DRG11 and has neuronal adhesive properties.” J Neurosci 24, no. 8 (February 25, 2004): 2027–36. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4115-03.2004.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong. “Mitogen-activated protein kinases as potential targets for pain killers.” Curr Opin Investig Drugs 5, no. 1 (January 2004): 71–75.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Tatsuro Kohno, Kimberly A. Moore, and Clifford J. Woolf. “Central sensitization and LTP: do pain and memory share similar mechanisms?” Trends Neurosci 26, no. 12 (December 2003): 696–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2003.09.017.
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  - Baba, Hiroshi, Ru-Rong Ji, Tatsuro Kohno, Kimberly A. Moore, Toyofumi Ataka, Ayako Wakai, Manabu Okamoto, and Clifford J. Woolf. “Removal of GABAergic inhibition facilitates polysynaptic A fiber-mediated excitatory transmission to the superficial spinal dorsal horn.” Mol Cell Neurosci 24, no. 3 (November 2003): 818–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00236-7.
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  - Chen, Suzhen, Carlos Rio, Ru-Rong Ji, Pieter Dikkes, Richard E. Coggeshall, Clifford J. Woolf, and Gabriel Corfas. “Disruption of ErbB receptor signaling in adult non-myelinating Schwann cells causes progressive sensory loss.” Nat Neurosci 6, no. 11 (November 2003): 1186–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1139.
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  - Lim, Grewo, Backil Sung, Ru-Rong Ji, and Jianren Mao. “Upregulation of spinal cannabinoid-1-receptors following nerve injury enhances the effects of Win 55,212-2 on neuropathic pain behaviors in rats.” Pain 105, no. 1–2 (September 2003): 275–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00242-2.
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  - Jin, Shan-Xue, Zhi-Ye Zhuang, Clifford J. Woolf, and Ru-Rong Ji. “p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is activated after a spinal nerve ligation in spinal cord microglia and dorsal root ganglion neurons and contributes to the generation of neuropathic pain.” J Neurosci 23, no. 10 (May 15, 2003): 4017–22.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Tarek A. Samad, Shan-Xue Jin, Raymond Schmoll, and Clifford J. Woolf. “p38 MAPK activation by NGF in primary sensory neurons after inflammation increases TRPV1 levels and maintains heat hyperalgesia.” Neuron 36, no. 1 (September 26, 2002): 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00908-x.
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  - Mao, Jianren, Backil Sung, Ru-Rong Ji, and Grewo Lim. “Chronic morphine induces downregulation of spinal glutamate transporters: implications in morphine tolerance and abnormal pain sensitivity.” J Neurosci 22, no. 18 (September 15, 2002): 8312–23.
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  - Mao, Jianren, Backil Sung, Ru-Rong Ji, and Grewo Lim. “Neuronal apoptosis associated with morphine tolerance: evidence for an opioid-induced neurotoxic mechanism.” J Neurosci 22, no. 17 (September 1, 2002): 7650–61.
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  - Decosterd, Isabelle, Ru-Rong Ji, Salahadin Abdi, Simon Tate, and Clifford J. Woolf. “The pattern of expression of the voltage-gated sodium channels Na(v)1.8 and Na(v)1.9 does not change in uninjured primary sensory neurons in experimental neuropathic pain models.” Pain 96, no. 3 (April 2002): 269–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00456-0.
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  - Ji, Ru-Rong, Katia Befort, Gary J. Brenner, and Clifford J. Woolf. “ERK MAP kinase activation in superficial spinal cord neurons induces prodynorphin and NK-1 upregulation and contributes to persistent inflammatory pain hypersensitivity.” J Neurosci 22, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 478–85.
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  - Mousa, S. A., Q. Zhang, N. Sitte, R. Ji, and C. Stein. “beta-Endorphin-containing memory-cells and mu-opioid receptors undergo transport to peripheral inflamed tissue.” J Neuroimmunol 115, no. 1–2 (April 2, 2001): 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00271-5.
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  - Ji, R. R., and C. J. Woolf. “Neuronal plasticity and signal transduction in nociceptive neurons: implications for the initiation and maintenance of pathological pain.” Neurobiol Dis 8, no. 1 (February 2001): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1006/nbdi.2000.0360.
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  - Ji, R. R., H. Baba, G. J. Brenner, and C. J. Woolf. “Nociceptive-specific activation of ERK in spinal neurons contributes to pain hypersensitivity.” Nat Neurosci 2, no. 12 (December 1999): 1114–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/16040.
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  - Mannion, R. J., M. Costigan, I. Decosterd, F. Amaya, Q. P. Ma, J. C. Holstege, R. R. Ji, et al. “Neurotrophins: peripherally and centrally acting modulators of tactile stimulus-induced inflammatory pain hypersensitivity.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, no. 16 (August 3, 1999): 9385–90. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.16.9385.
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  - Ji, R. R., T. E. Schlaepfer, C. D. Aizenman, C. M. Epstein, D. Qiu, J. C. Huang, and F. Rupp. “Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation activates specific regions in rat brain.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, no. 26 (December 22, 1998): 15635–40. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.26.15635.
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  - Ji, R. R., C. M. Böse, C. Lesuisse, D. Qiu, J. C. Huang, Q. Zhang, and F. Rupp. “Specific agrin isoforms induce cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons.” J Neurosci 18, no. 23 (December 1, 1998): 9695–9702.
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  - Xu, I. S., L. Luo, R. R. Ji, T. Hökfelt, X. J. Xu, and Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin. “The effect of intrathecal neuropeptide Y on the flexor reflex in rats after carrageenan-induced inflammation.” Neuropeptides 32, no. 5 (October 1998): 447–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0143-4179(98)90070-1.
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  - Ji, R. R., and F. Rupp. “Phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB in rat spinal cord after formalin-induced hyperalgesia: relationship to c-fos induction.” J Neurosci 17, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 1776–85.
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  - Zhang, Q., T. J. Shi, R. R. Ji, Y. Z. Zhang, F. Sundler, J. Hannibal, J. Fahrenkrug, and T. Hokfelt. “Erratum: Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in dorsal root ganglia following axotomy: Time course and coexistence (Brain Research 705 (1995) (149-158)).” Brain Research 745, no. 1–2 (January 1, 1997): 357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(96)01272-3.
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  - Ji, R. R., Q. Zhang, R. F. Pettersson, and T. Hökfelt. “aFGF, bFGF and NGF differentially regulate neuropeptide expression in dorsal root ganglia after axotomy and induce autotomy.” Regul Pept 66, no. 3 (October 22, 1996): 179–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-0115(96)00101-2.
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  - Zhang, X., R. R. Ji, J. Arvidsson, J. M. Lundberg, T. Bartfai, K. Bedecs, and T. Hökfelt. “Expression of peptides, nitric oxide synthase and NPY receptor in trigeminal and nodose ganglia after nerve lesions.” Exp Brain Res 111, no. 3 (October 1996): 393–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00228728.
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  - Ji, R. R., T. J. Shi, Z. Q. Xu, Q. Zhang, H. Sakagami, H. Tsubochi, H. Kondo, and T. Hökfelt. “Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV in dorsal root ganglion: colocalization with peptides, axonal transport and effect of axotomy.” Brain Res 721, no. 1–2 (May 20, 1996): 167–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)01316-4.
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  - Zhang, Q., T. J. Shi, R. R. Ji, Y. Z. Zhang, F. Sundler, J. Hannibal, J. Fahrenkrug, and T. Hökfelt. “Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in dorsal root ganglia following axotomy: time course and coexistence.” Brain Res 705, no. 1–2 (December 24, 1995): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)01150-1.
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  - Ji, R. R., Q. Zhang, P. Y. Law, H. H. Low, R. Elde, and T. Hökfelt. “Expression of mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivities in rat dorsal root ganglia after carrageenan-induced inflammation.” J Neurosci 15, no. 12 (December 1995): 8156–66.
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  - Ji, R. R., Q. Zhang, X. Zhang, F. Piehl, T. Reilly, R. F. Pettersson, and T. Hökfelt. “Prominent expression of bFGF in dorsal root ganglia after axotomy.” Eur J Neurosci 7, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 2458–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01044.x.
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  - Luo, L., R. R. Ji, Q. Zhang, M. J. Iadarola, T. Hökfelt, and Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin. “Effect of administration of high dose intrathecal clonidine or morphine prior to sciatic nerve section on c-Fos expression in rat lumbar spinal cord.” Neuroscience 68, no. 4 (October 1995): 1219–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(95)00197-q.
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  - Ji, R. R., X. Zhang, Q. Zhang, A. Dagerlind, S. Nilsson, Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin, and T. Hökfelt. “Central and peripheral expression of galanin in response to inflammation.” Neuroscience 68, no. 2 (September 1995): 563–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(95)94333-t.
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  - Piehl, F., R. R. Ji, S. Cullheim, T. Hökfelt, D. Lindholm, and R. A. Hughes. “Fibroblast growth factors regulate calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA expression in rat motoneurons after lesion and in culture.” Eur J Neurosci 7, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1739–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00694.x.
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  - Zhang, Q., R. R. Ji, R. Lindsay, and T. Hökfelt. “Effect of growth factors on substance P mRNA expression in axotomized dorsal root ganglia.” Neuroreport 6, no. 9 (June 19, 1995): 1309–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199506090-00020.
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  - Zhang, X., R. R. Ji, S. Nilsson, M. Villar, R. Ubink, G. Ju, Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin, and T. Hökfelt. “Neuropeptide Y and galanin binding sites in rat and monkey lumbar dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord and effect of peripheral axotomy.” Eur J Neurosci 7, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 367–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00332.x.
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  - Ji, R. R., Q. Zhang, K. Bedecs, J. Arvidsson, X. Zhang, X. J. Xu, Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin, T. Bartfai, and T. Hökfelt. “Galanin antisense oligonucleotides reduce galanin levels in dorsal root ganglia and induce autotomy in rats after axotomy.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91, no. 26 (December 20, 1994): 12540–43. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.26.12540.
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  - Ji, R. R., X. Zhang, Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin, and T. Hökfelt. “Expression of neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y (Y1) receptor mRNA in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia following peripheral tissue inflammation.” J Neurosci 14, no. 11 Pt 1 (November 1994): 6423–34.
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  - Zhang, X., A. Dagerlind, L. Bao, R. R. Ji, J. M. Lundberg, and T. Hökfelt. “Increased expression of galanin in the rat superior cervical ganglion after pre- and postganglionic nerve lesions.” Exp Neurol 127, no. 1 (May 1994): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1006/exnr.1994.1075.
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  - Zhang, M., R. R. Ji, Y. Fang, and J. S. Han. “Topical capsaicin treatment suppresses formalin-induced fos expression in rat spinal cord.” Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 15, no. 1 (January 1994): 43–46.
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  - Xu, T., R. R. Ji, T. Wang, and J. S. Han. “Expression of preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNA in nucleus tractus solitarii of rats subjected to endotoxin (and effect of naltrexone on the expression).” Chinese Journal of Physiological Sciences 9, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 331–34.
  - Ji, R. R., Z. W. Zhang, Y. Zhou, Q. Zhang, and J. S. Han. “Induction of c-fos expression in the rostral medulla of rats following electroacupuncture stimulation.” Int J Neurosci 72, no. 3–4 (October 1993): 183–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459309024107.
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  - Ji, R. R., Q. Zhang, and J. S. Han. “[Electroacupuncture enhances enkephalin mRNA expression in the spinal cord and medulla, an in situ hybridization study].” Sheng Li Xue Bao 45, no. 4 (August 1993): 395–99.
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  - Ji, R. R., X. M. Wang, and J. S. Han. “[Induction of Fos-like protein in the rat spinal cord following electroacupuncture stimulation].” Sheng Li Xue Bao 44, no. 4 (August 1992): 394–400.
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  - Ji, R. R. “[Histochemical studies on the medial regions of the brainstem in guinea pigs].” Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 23, no. 1 (January 1992): 52–54.
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  - Wang, X. M., R. R. Ji, and J. S. Han. “[Proto-oncogene and pain modulation].” Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 22, no. 4 (October 1991): 293–98.
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  - Handfield, Chelsea, Jeffery Kwock, Vivian Lei, Min Jin Lee, Margaret Coates, Kaiyuan Wang, Qingjian Han, et al. “Skin Injury Activates TRPV1+ Nociceptive Fibers to Stimulate a Rapid Innate Antiviral Protein Response,” n.d.
- Conference Papers
  - Chamessian, A., D. Liu, Y. Kim, M. Wang, Z. Zhang, T. Van de Ven, and R. Ji. “(167) Optogenetic control of A-beta low-threshold mechanoreceptors in acute and chronic pain conditions.” In The Journal of Pain, 18:S18–S18. Elsevier BV, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.02.074.
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  - Huh, Y., G. Chen, and R. Ji. “(416) Intrathecally injected bone marrow stromal cells produce sustained neuropathic pain reduction in paclitaxel-treated mice.” In The Journal of Pain, 17:S78–S78. Elsevier BV, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2016.01.393.
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  - Xu, Z. Z., and R. R. Ji. “Protection of neuropathic pain by pro-resolution lipid mediators.” In Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 9:60–61. SPRINGER, 2014.
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  - Deerhake, M Elizabeth, Keiko Danzaki, Makoto Inoue, Emre D. Cardakli, Toshiaki Nonaka, Nupur Aggarwal, William E. Barclay, Ru Rong Ji, and Mari L. Shinohara. “Dectin-1 limits central nervous system autoimmunity through a non-canonical pathway.” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.080481.
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- Summer Neuroscience Program Mentor. Summer Neuroscience Program. 2020 2020

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