Scott William Cousins | Scholars@Duke

Scott William Cousins
Robert Machemer, M.D. Professor of Ophthalmology

Scott W. Cousins, M.D. is currently the Robert Machemer, M.D. Professor of Ophthalmology and Immunology, Vice Chair for Research, and Director of the Duke Center for Macular Diseases at Duke Eye Center. As Vice Chair, he oversees all basic science research as well as the Ophthalmology Site-Based Research Group, which administrates clinical research for Duke Eye Center. Dr. Cousins is also Medical Director of Hospital-Based Imaging and Procedures for Duke Eye Center.

Dr. Cousins is a retina-trained ophthalmologist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of macular diseases, especially age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vascular diseases. Dr. Cousins is active in both clinical and laboratory research. In his clinical practice, Dr. Cousins is involved in many trials and innovative therapies for the treatment of macular diseases, especially AMD and diabetic retinopathy. He has served as site PI for numerous phase1-3 clinical trials in AMD, diabetic retinopathy, and other retinal disorders. He has served as a consultant or member of data safety monitoring committees (DSMC) for numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology startup companies.

In his scientific laboratory, Dr. Cousins pursues both NIH-funded and industry-funded research in various areas of dry and wet AMD. In particular, he is studying the role of circulating bone marrow-derived progenitors (stem cells) in contributing to wet AMD. His laboratory is attempting to develop treatments for dry macular degeneration and improving vision in eyes with wet macular degeneration. His program is also developing blood tests and new imaging technologies for the identification of patients who are at high risk for progressing into complications.

Dr. Cousins has published over 100 peer-reviewed manuscripts, book chapters, and other publications addressing topics of research or clinical care of retinal disease, especially AMD. In 2006, Dr. Cousins was awarded the prestigious Alcon Research Foundation Clinician Scientist Award. In 2008, the National Institutes of Health invited Dr. Cousins to join the National Advisory Eye Council. Dr. Cousins is also a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Society of Retina Specialists, the Retina Society, the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, the American Association of Immunologists, and the American Medical Association.

In 2010, Dr. Cousins was named one of the “Top 34 Ophthalmologists in the United States” by Becker’s ASC Review, a leading source of business and legal news for ambulatory surgery centers. They cited his leadership of the Duke Center for Macular Diseases and his ongoing research in macular degeneration as reasons for the honor.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Robert Machemer, M.D. Professor of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery, Ophthalmology 2006
Professor of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery, Ophthalmology 2005
Vice-chair, Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Clinical Science Departments 2009
Professor in the Department of Immunology, Immunology, Basic Science Departments 2006

Contact Information

Box 3802 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
Wadsworth Building, Durham, NC 27710
scott.cousins@duke.edu (919) 684-3090

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Deputy Director Vascular Biology Inst, Biology, University of Miami 1999 - 2005
- Professor, Ophthalmology, University of Miami 2002 - 2005
- Director of Research, Ophthalmology, University of Miami 2000 - 2005
- Associate Professor, Ophthalmology And Microbiology, Stanford University 1995 - 2002
- Assistant Professor, Ophthalmology And Microbiology, University of Miami 1990 - 1995
- Postdoctoral fellow, Microbiology And Immunology, University of Miami 1988 - 1990
- Instructor, Ophthalmology, University of Miami 1989 - 1990
- Research Fellow, Ophthalmology, University of Miami 1988 - 1989
- Instructor and Chief Resident, Ophthalmology, Washington University 1987 - 1988
- Clinical Fellow, Ophthalmology, University of Miami 1986 - 1987
- Resident, Ophthalmology, Washington University 1983 - 1986
- Intern, Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University 1982 - 1983
- M.D., Case Western Reserve University 1982
- B.A., Dartmouth College 1977
Duke Appointment History
- Instructor, Temporary of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Clinical Science Departments 2005
Recognition
In the News
- MAY 21, 2014
  
  $100K Grants Promote Translational Research into Itching, Pompe Disease, and More
Research
Selected Grants
- Duke CTSA (KL2) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- Duke CTSA (TL1) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- Janssen CNTO 2476; Phase 2b awarded by Janssen Research & Development, LLC 2016 - 2023
- In Vivo Modeling of Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in Retinal Ganglion Cells awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- ONYX: REGEN910-3 in Patients with NVAMD awarded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2017 - 2021
- An Open-Label, Phase 1 Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Elamipretide in Subjects with Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration awarded by Stealth BioTherapeutics 2016 - 2021
- Muller glial dysfunction in retinal edema awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2020
- Bausch & Lomb IIT awarded by Bausch & Lomb Incorporated 2014 - 2019
- Monocytes in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2019
- Cognitive Changes and Brain Connectivity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2019
- Macrophages and Treatment-Resistant NVAMD awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2019
- Flavoprotein Autofluorescence Imaging in AMD awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2018
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a New Model of Dry AMD awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2018
- Computer Aided Classification of Diabetic Macular Edema awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2018
- PanOptica Pan-01-101 awarded by PanOptica 2014 - 2017
- River Vision RV001 awarded by River Vision Development Corporation 2014 - 2017
- Lipid Activated Nuclear Receptors in Age-Related Macular Degeneration awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2017
- Macrophages Drive Neovascular Remodeling in NVAMD awarded by BrightFocus Foundation 2014 - 2016
- NEI Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Program Award (K12) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2016
- Novel Retinal Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease awarded by Alzheimer's Association 2013 - 2016
- Negative regulation of NF-kB by optineurin in primary open angle glaucoma awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2014
- Vascular Progenitor Cells in Neovascular AMD awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2014
- Developing Interventions to Improve Function in Seniors with Comorbid Conditions awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2013
- Mechanisms of RGC Loss in a Murine Model of Glaucoma awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2012
- Immune Responses in Macular Degeneration awarded by National Institutes of Health 2005 - 2011
- Retinol, Lipofuscin & Autofluorescence in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2010
- Aging and Vasculogenesis in Macular Degeneration awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2007
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Book Sections
  - Lederer, DE, Cousins, SW, and Csaky, KG. "Neovascular age-related macular degeneration." 536-543. 2010. Full Text
  - Cousins, SW, Csaky, KG, and Espinosa-Heidmann, DG. "Clinical strategies for diagnosis and treatment of AMD: Implications from research." In Macular Degeneration, 167-200. December 1, 2005. Full Text
  - Cousins, SW, and Streilein, JW. "Immune privilege and its regulation by immunosuppressive growth factors in aqueous humor." 81-84. 1990.
- Conference Papers
  - Cunha, PP, Zhuang, J, Wright, JP, Madden, DJ, Potter, GG, Allen, K, Lad, E, Cousins, SW, and Whitson, H. "Discrepancy between self-reported vision and visual acuity in patients with age-related macular degeneration." Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society (AGS). Orlando, FL. May 3, 2018 - May 5, 2018.: WILEY, April 1, 2018. Link to Item
  - Allingham, MJ, Tserentsoodol, N, Saloupis, P, and Cousins, SW. "Low dose aldosterone exposure causes increased retinal edema following laser-induced retinal vein occlusion in mice." Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO). Baltimore, MD. May 7, 2017 - May 11, 2017.: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, June 1, 2017. Link to Item
  - Cocce, K, Stinnett, S, Vajzovic, L, Horne, A, Toth, CA, Cousins, SW, and Lad, EM. "Visual function endpoints in early and intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration for use as clinical trial endpoints." Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO). Baltimore, MD. May 7, 2017 - May 11, 2017.: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, June 1, 2017. Link to Item
  - Foster, ML, Lane, RL, Oh, A, Nagar, S, McGahan, MC, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, and Mowat, FM. "The retinal pigment epithelium of the canine area centralis is uniquely susceptible to mitochondrial toxicant damage." Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO). Baltimore, MD. May 7, 2017 - May 11, 2017.: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, June 1, 2017. Link to Item
  - Jindal, S, Cousins, SW, and Mettu, PS. "Indocyanine Green Angiography-Directed Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Serous Pigment Epithelium Detachments in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO). Baltimore, MD. May 7, 2017 - May 11, 2017.: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, June 1, 2017. Link to Item
  - Mettu, PS, Allingham, MJ, Nicholas, P, and Cousins, SW. "Adjunctive Indocyanine Green Angiography-Directed Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Persistent Disease Activity in Neovascular AMD." Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO). Baltimore, MD. May 7, 2017 - May 11, 2017.: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, June 1, 2017. Link to Item
  - Mowat, FM, Oh, A, Foster, ML, Mettu, PS, and Cousins, SW. "Repetitive periocular delivery of hydroquinone in canines results in dysfunction of central retinal cone photoreceptors." Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO). Baltimore, MD. May 7, 2017 - May 11, 2017.: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, June 1, 2017. Link to Item
  - Thompson, AC, Stinnett, S, Vajzovic, L, Horne, A, Toth, CA, Cousins, SW, and Lad, EM. "Association of Low Luminance Questionnaire with Objective Functional Measures in Age-related Macular Degeneration." Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO). Baltimore, MD. May 7, 2017 - May 11, 2017.: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, June 1, 2017. Link to Item
  - Allingham, MJ, Mukherjee, D, Lally, E, Rabbani, H, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, and Farsiu, S. "A quantitative approach to predict differential effects of anti-VEGF treatment on diffuse and focal leakage in patients with diabetic macular edema." September 2016. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Saloupis, P, Brahmajoti, MV, and Mettu, PS. "Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Experimental Mouse Models of SubRPE Deposit Formation and Reversal by the Mito-Reparative Drug MTP-131." September 2016. Link to Item
  - Mettu, PS, Allingham, MJ, Nicholas, PC, and Cousins, SW. "Neovascular Morphology by ICG Angiography and Response to Loading-Dose Anti-VEGF Therapy in Patients with Neovascular AMD." September 2016. Link to Item
  - Nicholas, PC, Mettu, PS, and Cousins, SW. "Feasibility and acceptance of retinal imaging in a medical clinic by non-expert imagers." September 2016. Link to Item
  - Whitson, H, Farsiu, S, Stinnett, SS, Kwark, L, Potter, G, Burke, J, Cousins, SW, and Lad, EM. "Retinal Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease." September 2016. Link to Item
  - Puliafito, CA, Cousins, SW, Bacharach, J, Gonzalez, VH, Holekamp, NM, Merrill, PT, Ohr, MP, Parrish, RK, and Riemann, CD. "Forming a Consensus: Data and Guidance for Physicians Treating Diabetic Macular Edema." April 2016. Full Text
  - Allingham, MJ, Izatt, D, Nie, Q, Lad, EM, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, and Farsiu, S. "Robust, easy-to-use, semiautomated software quantifies lesion rim area hyperautofluorescence and predicts progression of geographic atrophy." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Chandramohan, A, Wright, JP, Fernandez, XD, Zhuang, J, Kwark, L, Farsiu, S, Cousins, SW, Madden, D, Lad, EM, and Whitson, HE. "Relationships between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Brain Changes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Mettu, PS, and Brahmajothi, MV. "The mitochondria-targeted peptide MTP-131 prevents hydroquinone-mediated persistent injury phenotype in cultured retinal pigment epithelium cells." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Dale, SB, Blanco, T, Mathew, R, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, Calder, VL, and Saban, D. "CD11b(+) Classical Dendritic Cells (cDC) Directly Effect Fibrosis in Ocular Surface Inflammation." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Hess, R, Brahmajothi, MV, Saloupis, P, Mettu, PS, and Cousins, SW. "Repetitive periocular injection of hydroquinone promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal pigment epithelium of mouse eyes." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Lad, EM, Cousins, SW, Farsiu, S, and Proia, AD. "Retinal Macrophages in Stages of Age-related Macular Degeneration." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Mettu, PS, Saloupis, P, Saban, D, and Cousins, SW. "Increased Frequency of Nonclassical Monocytes in the Blood is Correlated with Development of Neovascular Remodeling in Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Wen, JC, Cousins, SW, Schuman, S, and Allingham, RRA. "Intravitreal injections cause anterior chamber angle narrowing in patients receiving anti-VEGF treatment." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Whitson, HE, Farsiu, S, Stinnett, S, Lee, S, Kwark, L, Potter, G, Burke, J, Cousins, SW, and Lad, E. "Retinal imaging biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Wright, JP, Chandramohan, A, Fernandez, XD, Lad, E, Zhuang, J, Cousins, SW, and Whitson, HE. "Is discrepancy in self-reported vision and visual acuity related to neurocognitive status of AMD patients?." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Zhang, W, Nicholas, P, Schuman, S, Allingham, M, Faridi, A, Tushar, S, Cousins, SW, and Prakalapakorn, SG. "Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy Using the Hand-Held PICTOR Camera." June 2015. Link to Item
  - Su�er, IJ, Peden, MC, Hammer, ME, Grizzard, WS, Traynom, J, and Cousins, SW. "RaScaL: A Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy, Durability, and Safety of a Single Intervention with Ranibizumab plus Peripheral Laser for Diabetic Macular Edema Associated with Peripheral Nonperfusion on Ultrawide-Field Fluorescein Angiography." March 3, 2015. Full Text
  - Lad, EM, Chandramohan, A, Ventura, A, and Cousins, SW. "Evaluation of visual function impairments in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration." : ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, April 1, 2014. Link to Item
  - Mettu, PS, Saloupis, P, and Cousins, SW. "PAMP Stimulation of Macrophages Promotes Neovascular Remodeling in Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization." : ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, April 1, 2014. Link to Item
  - Wen, JC, Overby, DR, Madekurozwa, M, Chu, B, Mettu, PS, Schuman, SG, Challa, P, Cousins, SW, and Allingham, RR. "The effect of anti-VEGF injections on tonographic aqueous outflow facility and a novel method to calculate facility using the post-injection IOP decay curve." : ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, April 1, 2014. Link to Item
  - Whitson, H, Ansah, D, Sanders, LL, Whitaker, D, Potter, G, Cousins, SW, Steffens, DC, Landerman, LR, Pieper, CF, and Cohen, HJ. "Comorbid Cognitive Impairment and Functional Trajectories in Low Vision Rehabilitation." April 2010. Link to Item
  - Whitson, HE, Cousins, SW, Burchett, BM, Hybels, CF, Pieper, CF, and Cohen, HJ. "The combined impact of cognitive and visual impairment on disability." April 2007. Link to Item
  - Wang, XC, Yang, DCS, Cousins, SW, Gallemore, RP, Ashton, P, and Jaffe, GJ. "Intravitreal sustained-release cyclosporine A (CsA) in the treatment of experimental uveitis." March 15, 1997. Link to Item
  - Aaberg, T, Rolon, A, and Cousins, SW. "Nitric oxide and lens-associated uveitis (LAU)." 1997.
  - Morales, PH, Hernandez, E, Rolon, A, and Cousins, SW. "Laser photocoagulation increases PVR severity." 1997.
  - Wang, X-C, Yang, DC-S, and Cousins, SW. "Intravitrealsubstained-releasecyclosporjne a (CsA) inthh treatment of experimental uveitis." 1997.
  - Cousins, SW, and Lui, X-K. "Diminished ocular tgf-β2 concentration and mrna levels during ocular inflammation correlate with severity of disease." 1996.
  - Dix, RD, Giedlin, M, and Cousins, SW. "Cytokine immunotherapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in mice with maids." 1996.
  - Rolon, A, and Cousins, SW. "Role of T cells in bacteria-induced Lens-Associated Uveitis (LAU)." 1996.
  - Rosenbaum, JT, and Cousins, SW. "Endotoxin induced ocular vascular permeability as a model to study the pathogenesis of Reiter's syndrome." 1981.
- Journal Articles
  - Allingham, MJ, Tserentsoodol, N, Saloupis, P, Mettu, PS, and Cousins, SW. "Aldosterone Exposure Causes Increased Retinal Edema and Severe Retinopathy Following Laser-Induced Retinal Vein Occlusion in Mice." Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 59, no. 8 (July 2018): 3355-3365. Full Text
  - Cocce, KJ, Stinnett, SS, Luhmann, UFO, Vajzovic, L, Horne, A, Schuman, SG, Toth, CA, Cousins, SW, and Lad, EM. "Visual Function Metrics in Early and Intermediate Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration for Use as Clinical Trial Endpoints." American Journal of Ophthalmology 189 (May 2018): 127-138. Full Text
  - Zhuang, J, Madden, DJ, Duong-Fernandez, X, Chen, N-K, Cousins, SW, Potter, GG, Diaz, MT, and Whitson, HE. "Language processing in age-related macular degeneration associated with unique functional connectivity signatures in the right hemisphere." Neurobiology of Aging 63 (March 2018): 65-74. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Lad, EM, Mukherjee, D, Stinnett, SS, Cousins, SW, Potter, GG, Burke, JR, Farsiu, S, and Whitson, HE. "Evaluation of inner retinal layers as biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment to moderate Alzheimer's disease." PloS one 13, no. 2 (January 2018): e0192646-. Full Text
  - Thompson, AC, Luhmann, UFO, Stinnett, SS, Vajzovic, L, Horne, A, Toth, CA, Cousins, SW, and Lad, EM. "Association of Low Luminance Questionnaire With Objective Functional Measures in Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 59, no. 1 (January 2018): 289-297. Full Text
  - Allingham, MJ, Mukherjee, D, Lally, EB, Rabbani, H, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, and Farsiu, S. "A Quantitative Approach to Predict Differential Effects of Anti-VEGF Treatment on Diffuse and Focal Leakage in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: A Pilot Study." Translational vision science & technology 6, no. 2 (March 21, 2017): 7-. Full Text
  - Wen, JC, Reina-Torres, E, Sherwood, JM, Challa, P, Liu, KC, Li, G, Chang, JYH, Cousins, SW, Schuman, SG, Mettu, PS, Stamer, WD, Overby, DR, and Allingham, RR. "Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections Reduce Aqueous Outflow Facility in Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 58, no. 3 (March 2017): 1893-1898. Full Text
  - Cousins, S, and Moshfeghi, DM. "8 Questions with Dr. Moshfeghi." Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina 48, no. 2 (February 2017): 191-192. (Interview) Full Text
  - Polans, J, Cunefare, D, Cole, E, Keller, B, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, Allingham, MJ, Izatt, JA, and Farsiu, S. "Enhanced visualization of peripheral retinal vasculature with wavefront sensorless adaptive optics optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients." Optics letters 42, no. 1 (January 2017): 17-20. Full Text
  - Zhang, W, Nicholas, P, Schuman, SG, Allingham, MJ, Faridi, A, Suthar, T, Cousins, SW, and Prakalapakorn, SG. "Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy Using a Portable, Noncontact, Nonmydriatic Handheld Retinal Camera." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (January 2017): 128-134. Full Text
  - Wen, JC, Cousins, SW, Schuman, SG, and Allingham, RR. "DYNAMIC CHANGES OF THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE PRODUCED BY INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VASCULAR GROWTH FACTOR INJECTIONS." Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 36, no. 10 (October 2016): 1874-1881. Full Text
  - Ahadome, SD, Mathew, R, Reyes, NJ, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, Calder, VL, and Saban, DR. "Classical dendritic cells mediate fibrosis directly via the retinoic acid pathway in severe eye allergy." JCI insight 1, no. 12 (August 2016). Full Text
  - Chandramohan, A, Stinnett, SS, Petrowski, JT, Schuman, SG, Toth, CA, Cousins, SW, and Lad, EM. "VISUAL FUNCTION MEASURES IN EARLY AND INTERMEDIATE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION." Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 36, no. 5 (May 2016): 1021-1031. Full Text
  - Allingham, MJ, Nie, Q, Lad, EM, Izatt, DJ, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, and Farsiu, S. "Semiautomatic Segmentation of Rim Area Focal Hyperautofluorescence Predicts Progression of Geographic Atrophy Due to Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 57, no. 4 (April 2016): 2283-2289. Full Text
  - Estrada, R, Allingham, MJ, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, Tomasi, C, and Farsiu, S. "Retinal Artery-Vein Classification via Topology Estimation." IEEE transactions on medical imaging 34, no. 12 (December 2015): 2518-2534. Full Text
  - Lad, EM, Cousins, SW, Van Arnam, JS, and Proia, AD. "Abundance of infiltrating CD163+ cells in the retina of postmortem eyes with dry and neovascular age-related macular degeneration." Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie 253, no. 11 (November 2015): 1941-1945. Full Text
  - Chiu, SJ, Allingham, MJ, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, Izatt, JA, and Farsiu, S. "Kernel regression based segmentation of optical coherence tomography images with diabetic macular edema." Biomedical optics express 6, no. 4 (April 2015): 1172-1194. Full Text
  - Whitson, HE, Chou, Y-H, Potter, GG, Diaz, MT, Chen, N-K, Lad, EM, Johnson, MA, Cousins, SW, Zhuang, J, and Madden, DJ. "Phonemic fluency and brain connectivity in age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study." Brain Connectivity 5, no. 2 (March 2015): 126-135. Full Text
  - Rabbani, H, Allingham, MJ, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, and Farsiu, S. "Fully automatic segmentation of fluorescein leakage in subjects with diabetic macular edema." Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 56, no. 3 (January 29, 2015): 1482-1492. Full Text
  - Srinivasan, PP, Kim, LA, Mettu, PS, Cousins, SW, Comer, GM, Izatt, JA, and Farsiu, S. "Fully automated detection of diabetic macular edema and dry age-related macular degeneration from optical coherence tomography images." Biomedical Optics Express 5, no. 10 (October 2014): 3568-3577. Full Text
  - Lad, EM, Hammill, BG, Qualls, LG, Wang, F, Cousins, SW, and Curtis, LH. "Anti-VEGF treatment patterns for neovascular age-related macular degeneration among medicare beneficiaries." American Journal of Ophthalmology 158, no. 3 (September 2014): 537-43.e2. Full Text
  - Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Malek, G, Mettu, PS, Caicedo, A, Saloupis, P, Gach, S, Dunnon, AK, Hu, P, Spiga, M-G, and Cousins, SW. "Bone marrow transplantation transfers age-related susceptibility to neovascular remodeling in murine laser-induced choroidal neovascularization." Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 54, no. 12 (November 13, 2013): 7439-7449. Full Text
  - Whitson, HE, Whitaker, D, Potter, G, McConnell, E, Tripp, F, Sanders, LL, Muir, KW, Cohen, HJ, and Cousins, SW. "A low-vision rehabilitation program for patients with mild cognitive deficits." JAMA Ophthalmol 131, no. 7 (July 2013): 912-919. Full Text Link to Item
  - Hahn, P, Acquah, K, Cousins, SW, Lee, PP, and Sloan, FA. "Ten-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration according to diabetic retinopathy classification among medicare beneficiaries." Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 33, no. 5 (May 2013): 911-919. Full Text
  - Qualls, LG, Hammill, BG, Wang, F, Lad, EM, Schulman, KA, Cousins, SW, and Curtis, LH. "Costs of newly diagnosed neovascular age-related macular degeneration among medicare beneficiaries, 2004-2008." Retina 33, no. 4 (April 2013): 854-861. Full Text Link to Item
  - Whitson, HE, Whitaker, D, Sanders, LL, Potter, GG, Cousins, SW, Ansah, D, McConnell, E, Pieper, CF, Landerman, L, Steffens, DC, and Cohen, HJ. "Memory deficit associated with worse functional trajectories in older adults in low-vision rehabilitation for macular disease." J Am Geriatr Soc 60, no. 11 (November 2012): 2087-2092. Full Text Link to Item
  - Khanifar, AA, Lederer, DE, Ghodasra, JH, Stinnett, SS, Lee, JJ, Cousins, SW, and Bearelly, S. "Comparison of color fundus photographs and fundus autofluorescence images in measuring geographic atrophy area." Retina 32, no. 9 (October 2012): 1884-1891. Full Text Link to Item
  - Mettu, PS, Wielgus, AR, Ong, SS, and Cousins, SW. "Retinal pigment epithelium response to oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of early age-related macular degeneration." Molecular Aspects of Medicine 33, no. 4 (August 2012): 376-398. (Review) Full Text
  - Curtis, LH, Hammill, BG, Qualls, LG, DiMartino, LD, Wang, F, Schulman, KA, and Cousins, SW. "Treatment patterns for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: analysis of 284 380 medicare beneficiaries." Am J Ophthalmol 153, no. 6 (June 2012): 1116-24.e1. Full Text Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Miller, DM, Pereira-Simon, S, Hernandez, EP, Chien, H, Meier-Jewett, C, and Dix, RD. "Macrophage activation associated with chronic murine cytomegalovirus infection results in more severe experimental choroidal neovascularization." Plos Pathogens 8, no. 4 (January 2012): e1002671-null. Full Text
  - Whitson, HE, Ansah, D, Sanders, LL, Whitaker, D, Potter, GG, Cousins, SW, Steffens, DC, Landerman, LR, Pieper, CF, and Cohen, HJ. "Comorbid cognitive impairment and functional trajectories in low vision rehabilitation for macular disease." Aging Clin Exp Res 23, no. 5-6 (October 2011): 343-350. Link to Item
  - Whitson, HE, Steinhauser, K, Ammarell, N, Whitaker, D, Cousins, SW, Ansah, D, Sanders, LL, and Cohen, HJ. "Categorizing the effect of comorbidity: a qualitative study of individuals' experiences in a low-vision rehabilitation program." J Am Geriatr Soc 59, no. 10 (October 2011): 1802-1809. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bearelly, S, Khanifar, AA, Lederer, DE, Lee, JJ, Ghodasra, JH, Stinnett, SS, and Cousins, SW. "Use of fundus autofluorescence images to predict geographic atrophy progression." Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 81-86. Full Text
  - Pons, M, Cousins, SW, Alcazar, O, Striker, GE, and Marin-Castaño, ME. "Angiotensin II-induced MMP-2 activity and MMP-14 and basigin protein expression are mediated via the angiotensin ii receptor type 1-mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 pathway in retinal pigment epithelium: Implications for age-related macular degeneration." American Journal of Pathology 178, no. 6 (2011): 2665-2681. Full Text
  - Curtis, LH, Hammill, BG, Schulman, KA, and Cousins, SW. "Risks of mortality, myocardial infarction, bleeding, and stroke associated with therapies for age-related macular degeneration." Arch Ophthalmol 128, no. 10 (October 2010): 1273-1279. Full Text Link to Item
  - Whitson, HE, Ansah, D, Whitaker, D, Potter, G, Cousins, SW, MacDonald, H, Pieper, CF, Landerman, L, Steffens, DC, and Cohen, HJ. "Prevalence and patterns of comorbid cognitive impairment in low vision rehabilitation for macular disease." Arch Gerontol Geriatr 50, no. 2 (March 2010): 209-212. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bearelly, S, and Cousins, SW. "Fundus autofluorescence imaging in age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy." Adv Exp Med Biol 664 (2010): 395-402. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Elliot, SJ, Catanuto, P, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Fernandez, P, Hernandez, E, Saloupis, P, Korach, K, Karl, M, and Cousins, SW. "Estrogen receptor β protects against in vivo injury in RPE cells." Experimental Eye Research 90, no. 1 (2010): 10-16. Full Text
  - Malek, G, Hu, P, Wielgus, A, Dwyer, M, and Cousins, S. "PPAR nuclear receptors and altered RPE lipid metabolism in age-related macular degeneration." Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 664 (January 2010): 429-436. Full Text
  - Pons, M, Cousins, SW, Csaky, KG, Striker, G, and Marin-Castaño, ME. "Cigarette smoke-related hydroquinone induces filamentous actin reorganization and heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation through p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in retinal pigment epithelium: Implications for age-related macular degeneration." American Journal of Pathology 177, no. 3 (2010): 1198-1213. Full Text
  - Alcazar, O, Cousins, SW, Striker, GE, and Marin-Castano, ME. "(Pro)renin receptor is expressed in human retinal pigment epithelium and participates in extracellular matrix remodeling." Experimental Eye Research 89, no. 5 (2009): 638-647. Full Text
  - Alcazar, O, Hawkridge, AM, Collier, TS, Cousins, SW, Bhattacharya, SK, Muddiman, DC, and Marin-Castano, ME. "Proteomics characterization of cell membrane blebs in human retinal pigment epithelium cells." Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 8, no. 10 (2009): 2201-2211. Full Text
  - Catanuto, P, Espinosa-Heidmann, D, Pereira-Simon, S, Sanchez, P, Salas, P, Hernandez, E, Cousins, SW, and Elliot, SJ. "Mouse retinal pigmented epithelial cell lines retain their phenotypic characteristics after transfection with human papilloma virus: A new tool to further the study of RPE biology." Experimental Eye Research 88, no. 1 (2009): 99-105. Full Text
  - Praddaude, F, Cousins, SW, Pêcher, C, and Marin-Castaño, ME. "Angiotensin II-induced hypertension regulates AT1 receptor subtypes and extracellular matrix turnover in mouse retinal pigment epithelium." Experimental Eye Research 89, no. 1 (2009): 109-118. Full Text
  - Zhou, Q, Leder, HA, Lo, BP-W, Reed, GC, Knighton, RW, and Cousins, SW. "Fundus depolarization imaging with GDx™ VCC scanning laser polarimeter and depolarization characteristics of normal eyes." Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE 7163 (2009). Full Text
  - Cousins, SW, Bearelly, S, Reinoso, MA, Chi, SL, and Espinosa-Heidmann, DG. "Dynamic indocyanine green angiography-guided focal thermal laser treatment of fibrotic choroidal neovascularization." Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246, no. 12 (December 2008): 1677-1683. Full Text Link to Item
  - Striker, GE, Praddaude, F, Alcazar, O, Cousins, SW, and Marin-Castaño, ME. "Regulation of angiotensin II receptors and extracellular matrix turnover in human retinal pigment epithelium: role of angiotensin II." American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology 295, no. 6 (December 2008): C1633-C1646. Full Text
  - Bearelly, S, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, and Cousins, SW. "The role of dynamic indocyanine green angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal angiomatous proliferation." Br J Ophthalmol 92, no. 2 (February 2008): 191-196. Full Text Link to Item
  - Elliot, S, Catanuto, P, Fernandez, P, Espinosa-Heidmann, D, Karl, M, Korach, K, and Cousins, SW. "Subtype specific estrogen receptor action protects against changes in MMP-2 activation in mouse retinal pigmented epithelial cells." Experimental Eye Research 86, no. 4 (2008): 653-660. Full Text
  - Thill, M, Strunnikova, NV, Berna, MJ, Gordiyenko, N, Schmid, K, Cousins, SW, Thompson, DJS, and Csaky, KG. "Late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells in patients with age-related macular degeneration." Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 49, no. 6 (2008): 2696-2708. Full Text
  - Whitson, HE, Cousins, SW, Burchett, BM, Hybels, CF, Pieper, CF, and Cohen, HJ. "The combined effect of visual impairment and cognitive impairment on disability in older people." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 6 (June 2007): 885-891. Full Text
  - Alcazar, O, Cousins, SW, and Marin-Castaño, ME. "MMP-14 and TIMP-2 overexpression protects against hydroquinone-induced oxidant injury in RPE: Implications for extracellular matrix turnover." Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48, no. 12 (2007): 5662-5670. Full Text
  - Elliot, S, Catanuto, P, Stetler-Stevenson, W, and Cousins, SW. "Retinal pigment epithelium protection from oxidant-mediated loss of MMP-2 activation requires both MMP-14 and TIMP-2." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47, no. 4 (April 2006): 1696-1702. Full Text Link to Item
  - Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Suner, IJ, Catanuto, P, Hernandez, EP, Marin-Castano, ME, and Cousins, SW. "Cigarette smoke-related oxidants and the development of sub-RPE deposits in an experimental animal model of dry AMD." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47, no. 2 (February 2006): 729-737. Full Text Link to Item
  - Marin-Castaño, ME, Striker, GE, Alcazar, O, Catanuto, P, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, and Cousins, SW. "Repetitive nonlethal oxidant injury to retinal pigment epithelium decreased extracellular matrix turnover in vitro and induced Sub-RPE deposits in vivo." Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 47, no. 9 (2006): 4098-4112. Full Text
  - Marin-Castaño, ME, Csaky, KG, and Cousins, SW. "Nonlethal oxidant injury to human retinal pigment epithelium cells causes cell membrane blebbing but decreased MMP-2 activity." Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46, no. 9 (September 2005): 3331-3340. Full Text
  - Caicedo, A, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Piña, Y, Hernandez, EP, and Cousins, SW. "Blood-derived macrophages infiltrate the retina and activate Muller glial cells under experimental choroidal neovascularization." Exp Eye Res 81, no. 1 (July 2005): 38-47. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, and Cousins, SW. "Cell-mediated cytotoxicity of murine cytomegalovirus-infected target cells allows for release of residual infectious virus." Arch Virol 150, no. 4 (April 2005): 797-803. Full Text Link to Item
  - Caicedo, A, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Hamasaki, D, Piña, Y, and Cousins, SW. "Photoreceptor synapses degenerate early in experimental choroidal neovascularization." J Comp Neurol 483, no. 3 (March 14, 2005): 263-277. Full Text Link to Item
  - Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Marin-Castano, ME, Pereira-Simon, S, Hernandez, EP, Elliot, S, and Cousins, SW. "Gender and estrogen supplementation increases severity of experimental choroidal neovascularization." Exp Eye Res 80, no. 3 (March 2005): 413-423. Full Text Link to Item
  - Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Reinoso, MA, Pina, Y, Csaky, KG, Caicedo, A, and Cousins, SW. "Quantitative enumeration of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells derived from bone marrow precursors in experimental choroidal neovascularization." Exp Eye Res 80, no. 3 (March 2005): 369-378. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, Ekworomadu, CO, Hernandez, E, and Cousins, SW. "Perforin knockout mice, but not mice with MAIDS, show protection against experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis after adoptive transfer of immune cells with a functional perforin cytotoxic pathway." Arch Virol 149, no. 11 (November 2004): 2235-2244. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, and Cousins, SW. "Interleukin-2 immunotherapy and AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis." Curr HIV Res 2, no. 4 (October 2004): 333-342. (Review) Link to Item
  - Strunnikova, N, Zhang, C, Teichberg, D, Cousins, SW, Baffi, J, Becker, KG, and Csaky, KG. "Survival of retinal pigment epithelium after exposure to prolonged oxidative injury: a detailed gene expression and cellular analysis." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45, no. 10 (October 2004): 3767-3777. Full Text Link to Item
  - Miller, DM, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Legra, J, Dubovy, SR, Sũner, IJ, Sedmak, DD, Dix, RD, and Cousins, SW. "The association of prior cytomegalovirus infection with neovascular age-related macular degeneration." Am J Ophthalmol 138, no. 3 (September 2004): 323-328. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, and Cousins, SW. "Susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus retinitis during progression of MAIDS: correlation with intraocular levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma." Curr Eye Res 29, no. 2-3 (August 2004): 173-180. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, and Cousins, SW. "AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis: lessons from the laboratory." Curr Eye Res 29, no. 2-3 (August 2004): 91-101. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, and Csaky, KG. "Monocyte activation in patients with age-related macular degeneration: a biomarker of risk for choroidal neovascularization?." Arch Ophthalmol 122, no. 7 (July 2004): 1013-1018. Full Text Link to Item
  - Csaky, KG, Baffi, JZ, Byrnes, GA, Wolfe, JD, Hilmer, SC, Flippin, J, and Cousins, SW. "Recruitment of marrow-derived endothelial cells to experimental choroidal neovascularization by local expression of vascular endothelial growth factor." Exp Eye Res 78, no. 6 (June 2004): 1107-1116. Full Text Link to Item
  - Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Sall, J, Hernandez, EP, and Cousins, SW. "Basal laminar deposit formation in APO B100 transgenic mice: complex interactions between dietary fat, blue light, and vitamin E." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45, no. 1 (January 2004): 260-266. Link to Item
  - Suñer, IJ, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Marin-Castano, ME, Hernandez, EP, Pereira-Simon, S, and Cousins, SW. "Nicotine increases size and severity of experimental choroidal neovascularization." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45, no. 1 (January 2004): 311-317. Link to Item
  - Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Caicedo, A, Hernandez, EP, Csaky, KG, and Cousins, SW. "Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells contribute to experimental choroidal neovascularization." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44, no. 11 (November 2003): 4914-4919. Link to Item
  - Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Suner, IJ, Hernandez, EP, Monroy, D, Csaky, KG, and Cousins, SW. "Macrophage depletion diminishes lesion size and severity in experimental choroidal neovascularization." Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 44, no. 8 (August 2003): 3586-3592. Full Text
  - Dix, RD, Podack, ER, and Cousins, SW. "Murine cytomegalovirus retinitis during retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency (MAIDS) in mice: interleukin-2 immunotherapy correlates with increased intraocular levels of perforin mRNA." Antiviral Res 59, no. 2 (July 2003): 111-119. Link to Item
  - Zhang, C, Baffi, J, Cousins, SW, and Csaky, KG. "Oxidant-induced cell death in retinal pigment epithelium cells mediated through the release of apoptosis-inducing factor." J Cell Sci 116, no. Pt 10 (May 15, 2003): 1915-1923. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, and Cousins, SW. "Interleukin-2 immunotherapy of murine cytomegalovirus retinitis during MAIDS correlates with increased intraocular CD8+ T-cell infiltration." Ophthalmic Res 35, no. 3 (May 2003): 154-159. Full Text Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Marin-Castaño, ME, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Alexandridou, A, Striker, L, and Elliot, S. "Female gender, estrogen loss, and Sub-RPE deposit formation in aged mice." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44, no. 3 (March 2003): 1221-1229. Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, Podack, ER, and Cousins, SW. "Loss of the perforin cytotoxic pathway predisposes mice to experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis." Journal of Virology 77, no. 6 (March 2003): 3402-3408. Full Text
  - Dix, RD, and Cousins, SW. "Murine cytomegalovirus retinitis during MAIDS: Susceptibility correlates with elevated intraocular levels of interleukin-4 mRNA." Current Eye Research 26, no. 3-4 (2003): 211-217. Full Text
  - Marin-Castaño, ME, Elliot, SJ, Potier, M, Karl, M, Striker, LJ, Striker, GE, Csaky, KG, and Cousins, SW. "Regulation of estrogen receptors and MMP-2 expression by estrogens in human retinal pigment epithelium." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44, no. 1 (January 2003): 50-59. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Alexandridou, A, Sall, J, Dubovy, S, and Csaky, K. "The role of aging, high fat diet and blue light exposure in an experimental mouse model for basal laminar deposit formation." Exp Eye Res 75, no. 5 (November 2002): 543-553. Link to Item
  - Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Suner, I, Hernandez, EP, Frazier, WD, Csaky, KG, and Cousins, SW. "Age as an independent risk factor for severity of experimental choroidal neovascularization." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43, no. 5 (May 2002): 1567-1573. Link to Item
  - Strunnikova, N, Baffi, J, Gonzalez, A, Silk, W, Cousins, SW, and Csaky, KG. "Regulated heat shock protein 27 expression in human retinal pigment epithelium." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42, no. 9 (August 2001): 2130-2138. Link to Item
  - Budenz, DL, Taba, KE, Feuer, WJ, Eliezer, R, Cousins, S, Henderer, J, and Jr, HWF. "Surgical management of secondary glaucoma after pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for complex retinal detachment." Ophthalmology 108, no. 9 (2001): 1628-1632. Full Text
  - Jaffe, GJ, Yang, CS, Wang, XC, Cousins, SW, Gallemore, RP, and Ashton, P. "Intravitreal sustained-release cyclosporine in the treatment of experimental uveitis." Ophthalmology 105, no. 1 (January 1998): 46-56. Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, Giedlin, M, and Cousins, SW. "Systemic cytokine immunotherapy for experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis in mice with retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38, no. 7 (June 1997): 1411-1417. Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, Cray, C, and Cousins, SW. "Antibody alone does not prevent experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis in mice with retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency (MAIDS)." Ophthalmic Res 29, no. 6 (1997): 381-392. Full Text Link to Item
  - Rubsamen, PE, Cousins, SW, and Martinez, JA. "Impact of cultures on management decisions following surgical repair of penetrating ocular trauma." Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 28, no. 1 (January 1997): 43-49. Link to Item
  - Rubsamen, PE, and Cousins, SW. "Therapeutic effect of periocular corticosteroids in experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy." Retina 17, no. 1 (1997): 44-50. Link to Item
  - Flynn, JT, and Cousins, S. "Subcutaneous injection of a cyclic peptide antagonist of vitronectin receptor-type integrins inhibits retinal neovascularization." Survey of Ophthalmology 41, no. 3 (1996): 271--.
  - Thompson, WS, Rubsamen, PE, Flynn, HW, Schiffman, J, and Cousins, SW. "Endophthalmitis after penetrating trauma. Risk factors and visual acuity outcomes." Ophthalmology 102, no. 11 (November 1995): 1696-1701. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, and Rubsamen, PE. "Comparison of flow cytometry with the surgeon regarding ability to predict the ultimate success of surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy." Arch Ophthalmol 112, no. 12 (December 1994): 1554-1560. Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, Cray, C, and Cousins, SW. "Mice immunosuppressed by murine retrovirus infection (MAIDS) are susceptible to cytomegalovirus retinitis." Curr Eye Res 13, no. 8 (August 1994): 587-595. Link to Item
  - Taylor, AW, Streilein, JW, and Cousins, SW. "Immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide contributes to the immunosuppressive activity of normal aqueous humor." J Immunol 153, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 1080-1086. Link to Item
  - Rubsamen, PE, Cousins, SW, Winward, KE, and Byrne, SF. "Diagnostic ultrasound and pars plana vitrectomy in penetrating ocular trauma." Ophthalmology 101, no. 5 (May 1994): 809-814. Link to Item
  - Taylor, AW, Streilein, JW, and Cousins, SW. "Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone suppresses antigen-stimulated T cell production of gamma-interferon." Neuroimmunomodulation 1, no. 3 (May 1994): 188-194. Full Text Link to Item
  - Rubsamen, PE, Davis, PA, Hernandez, E, O'Grady, GE, and Cousins, SW. "Prevention of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy with a biodegradable intravitreal implant for the sustained release of fluorouracil." Arch Ophthalmol 112, no. 3 (March 1994): 407-413. Link to Item
  - Azumi, A, Cousins, SW, Kanter, MY, and Atherton, SS. "Modulation of murine herpes simplex virus type 1 retinitis in the uninoculated eye by CD4+ T lymphocytes." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35, no. 1 (January 1994): 54-63. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW. "Intraocular immunosuppression as treatment for uveitis: Rationale, preliminary results, and future prospects." Regional Immunology 6, no. 1-2 (1994): 191-201.
  - Dix, RD, Cray, C, and Cousins, S. "Cytomegalovirus retinitis during AIDS: Current issues and future directions." Regional Immunology 6, no. 1-2 (1994): 112-118.
  - Taylor, AW, Streilein, JW, and Cousins, SW. "Identification of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone as a potential immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humor." Curr Eye Res 11, no. 12 (December 1992): 1199-1206. Link to Item
  - Atherton, SS, Newell, CK, Kanter, MY, and Cousins, SW. "T cell depletion increases susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus retinitis." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33, no. 12 (November 1992): 3353-3360. Link to Item
  - Streilein, JW, Wilbanks, GA, and Cousins, SW. "Immunoregulatory mechanisms of the eye." J Neuroimmunol 39, no. 3 (August 1992): 185-200. (Review) Link to Item
  - Yang, CM, and Cousins, SW. "Quantitative assessment of growth stimulating activity of the vitreous during PVR." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33, no. 8 (July 1992): 2436-2442. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW. "T cell activation within different intraocular compartments during experimental uveitis." Dev Ophthalmol 23 (1992): 150-155. Link to Item
  - Streilein, JW, Cousins, S, and Bradley, D. "Effect of intraocular gamma-interferon on immunoregulatory properties of iris and ciliary body cells." Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 33, no. 7 (1992): 2304-2315.
  - Streilein, JW, Wilbanks, GA, Taylor, A, and Cousins, S. "Eye-derived cytokines and the immunosuppressive intraocular microenvironment: a review." Current eye research 11 Suppl (January 1992): 41-47. (Review) Full Text
  - Streilein, JW, Wilbanks, GA, Taylor, A, and Cousins, S. "Eye-derived cytokines and the immunosuppressive intraocular microenvironment: A review." Current Eye Research 11, no. SUPPL. (1992): 41-47.
  - Yang, CM, Olsen, KR, Hernandez, E, and Cousins, SW. "Measurement of cellular proliferation within the vitreous during experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy." Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 230, no. 1 (1992): 66-71. Link to Item
  - Ksander, BR, Rubsamen, PE, Olsen, KR, Cousins, SW, and Streilein, JW. "Studies of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from a human choroidal melanoma." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32, no. 13 (December 1991): 3198-3208. Link to Item
  - Atherton, SS, Newell, CK, Kanter, MY, and Cousins, SW. "Retinitis in euthymic mice following inoculation of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) via the supraciliary route." Curr Eye Res 10, no. 7 (July 1991): 667-677. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, McCabe, MM, Danielpour, D, and Streilein, JW. "Identification of transforming growth factor-beta as an immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humor." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32, no. 8 (July 1991): 2201-2211. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Trattler, WB, and Streilein, JW. "Immune privilege and suppression of immunogenic inflammation in the anterior chamber of the eye." Curr Eye Res 10, no. 4 (April 1991): 287-297. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, and Streilein, JW. "Flow cytometric detection of lymphocyte proliferation in eyes with immunogenic inflammation." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31, no. 10 (October 1990): 2111-2122. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Flynn, HW, and Clarkson, JG. "Macroaneurysms associated with retinal branch vein occlusion." Am J Ophthalmol 109, no. 5 (May 15, 1990): 567-570. Link to Item
  - Streilein, JW, Cousins, S, and Williamson, JSP. "Ocular molecules and cells that regulate immune responses in situ." International Ophthalmology 14, no. 5-6 (1990): 317-325. Full Text
  - Streilein, JW, and Cousins, SW. "Aqueous humor factors and their effect on the immune response in the anterior chamber." Current Eye Research 9, no. sup1 (January 1990): 175-182. Full Text
  - Streilein, JW, and Cousins, SW. "Aqueous humor factors and their effect on the immune response in the anterior chamber." Curr Eye Res 9 Suppl (1990): 175-182. (Review) Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Gonzalez, A, and Atherton, SS. "Herpes simplex retinitis in the mouse. Clinicopathologic correlations." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30, no. 7 (July 1989): 1485-1494. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Altman, NH, and Atherton, SS. "Schisis contributes to necrosis in experimental HSV-1 retinitis." Exp Eye Res 48, no. 6 (June 1989): 745-760. Link to Item
  - Kielty, D, Cousins, SW, and Atherton, SS. "HSV-1 retinitis and delayed hypersensitivity in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 28, no. 12 (December 1987): 1994-1999. Link to Item
  - Dix, RD, Streilein, JW, Cousins, S, and Atherton, SS. "Histopathologic characteristics of two forms of experimental herpes simplex virus retinitis." Current Eye Research 6, no. 1 (1987): 47-52.
  - Cousins, S, Boniuk, I, Okun, E, Johnston, GP, Arribas, NP, Escoffery, RF, Burgess, DB, Grand, MG, Olk, RJ, and Schoch, LH. "Pseudophakic retinal detachments in the presence of various IOL types." Ophthalmology 93, no. 9 (1986): 1198-1208.
  - Cousins, SW, Guss, RB, Howes, EL, and Rosenbaum, JT. "Endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat: observations on altered vascular permeability, clinical findings, and histology." Exp Eye Res 39, no. 5 (November 1984): 665-676. Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Rosenbaum, JT, Guss, RB, and Egbert, PR. "Ocular albumin fluorophotometric quantitation of endotoxin-induced vascular permeability." Infect Immun 36, no. 2 (May 1982): 730-736. Link to Item
  - Rosenbaum, JT, and Cousins, SW. "Uveitis and arthritis: experimental models and clinical correlates." Semin Arthritis Rheum 11, no. 4 (May 1982): 383-389. (Review) Link to Item
- Other Articles
  - Lad, EM, Cousins, SW, and Proia, AD. "Identity of pigmented subretinal cells in age-related macular degeneration." Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 254, no. 6 (June 2016): 1239-1241. (Letter) Full Text
  - Puliafito, CA, Dugel, PU, Cousins, SW, Packo, KH, Eaton, AM, Parrish, RK, Kiss, S, and Reichel, E. "Improving Outcomes for Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema." Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina 46, no. 10 (November 2015): S5-S15. (Interview) Full Text
  - Cousins, SW. "Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in dry age-related macular degeneration: The site of intracellular metabolism may be a relevant drug target in dry AMD." Retina Today 2015, no. MAY-JUN (January 1, 2015): 83-85.
  - Cousins, SW. "Treatment of DME with the 0.19-mg fluocinolone acetonide implant." Retina Today 2015, no. September2015 (January 1, 2015): 54-60.
  - Curtis, LH, Hammill, BG, Schulman, KA, and Cousins, SW. "Systemic and Ocular Risks Associated With Therapies for Macular Degeneration: Clarification vs Confusion reply." ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 130, no. 6 (June 2012): 807-807. Link to Item
  - Curtis, LH, Hammill, BG, Schulman, KA, and Cousins, SW. "In reply." Archives of Ophthalmology 130, no. 1 (2012): 125-126. Full Text
  - Curtis, LH, Hammill, BG, Schulman, KA, and Cousins, SW. "In reply." Archives of Ophthalmology 130, no. 6 (2012): 807--. Full Text
  - Curtis, LH, Hammill, BG, Schulman, KA, and Cousins, SW. "Risks of Adverse Events With Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Response." ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 130, no. 1 (January 2012): 125-126. Link to Item
  - Boyer, DS, Busquets, MA, Cousins, SW, Dugel, PU, Heier, JS, and Singer, MA. "New and emerging treatment paradigms for macular Edema in retinal vein occlusion and diabetic retinopathy." Retina Today , no. OCTOBER SUPPL. (2009): 1-14.
  - Cousins, SW. "Intravitreal anti-VEGF and anti-PDGF combination therapy." Retina Today , no. OCTOBER (2009): 56--.
  - Malek, G, and Cousins, SW. "Is our current clinical classification of AMD up to the job?." Br J Ophthalmol 90, no. 9 (September 2006): 1080-1081. Full Text Link to Item
  - Cousins, SW, Espinosa-Heidmann, DG, Alexandridou, A, Sall, J, Dubovy, S, and Csaky, K. "Erratum: The role of aging, high fat diet and blue light exposure in an experimental mouse model for basal laminar deposit formation (Experimental Eye Research (2002) 75 (543-553))." Experimental Eye Research 76, no. 4 (2003): 517--. Full Text
  - Yang, CM, and Cousins, SW. "Fate of the fellow eye after Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis." Am J Ophthalmol 112, no. 1 (July 15, 1991): 99-100. (Letter) Link to Item

Some information on this profile has been compiled automatically from Duke databases and external sources. (Our About page explains how this works.) If you see a problem with the information, please write to Scholars@Duke and let us know. We will reply promptly.

Education, Training, & Certifications

Duke Appointment History

In the News

Selected Grants

Selected Publications

Book Sections

Conference Papers

Journal Articles

Other Articles