Leonard D. Spicer
Professor Emeritus of Radiology
The focus of this laboratory is the study of structure/function relationships in biological macromolecules and their binding interactions. The principal method we use for system characterization is magnetic resonance spectroscopy. One specific area of interest is the structural characterization of functional domains in proteins which regulate the transcription of DNA coding for biosynthetic enzymes. The system under current investigation is the methionine repressor protein metJ, its corepressor S-adenosylmethionine, and the cognate sequence DNA. This protein, which functions as a dimer, exhibits a recently described DNA binding motif involving insertion of two beta strands into the major groove with additional stabilization of the complex arising from helix contacts at the dimer-dimer interface. We are using a full complement of heteronuclear 3D and 4D NMR methods to aid in the assignment of the main chain of the metJ repressor. We have recently reported a thermodynamic analysis of the binding interactions of metJ with its cognate DNA and corepressor SAM. We are now developing methods to measure fast proton exchange rates to complement our planned solution structural characterization.We have just initiated another project in collaboration with scientists at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to study macromelecular structures of DNA repair proteins in the nucleotide excision repair pathway. The first components of this critical supramacromolecular assembly we are investigating involve the DNA binding domain of the XPA protein for which we are determining the global fold in solution by NMR. Our program also includes a systematic approach to characterizing the conformational preferences of a number of sequentially related peptides developed by Dr. Barton Haynes' laboratory as candidate vaccines for HIV. The peptides consist of a fusion of two noncontiguous segments of the HIV protein gp120. Our goal is to establish whether structural conformers in solution contribute to peptide immunogenicity. We have finished a careful conformational analysis of the initial four peptides and are now correlating the conformer similarities and differences with immunogenic properties. We have also rationally designed several new peptides based on structural criteria and corresponding structural homology to the heavy fragment of IgA proteins. Initial NMR analysis and immunogenic response to three of the designed mutants indicate the rational design of preferred conformers was successful, but raised some novel questions regarding function of immunogenic peptides. We have also just begun a study of solution conformations of the hypoglycosylated tumor specific epitope repeat unit of human mucin and a promising mutant identified by Dombrowski and Wright. This epitope is common to breast and other adenocarcinomas and regulation of tumor specific lymphoid cells responding to this immunogen may be an important step in tumor control. Another protein under investigation is a functional core packing mutant of thioredoxin. We have fully characterized backbone chain dynamics to assess the impact of this mutation on molecular motions and are currently determining its high resolution tertiary structure. Currently, we are also using this mutant to demonstrate a new approach to global fold determination using a minimum set of long range NMR constraints. Finally, as an essential part of these studies, we are developing and have reported new 3- and 4-dimensional NMR experiments and heteronuclear filters for application to large protein systems and binding complexes.
Finally, the core activities of the NMR Center staff have continued to progress rapidly and enhancements to the state-of-the-art instrumentation have again been incorporated. A new deuteration strategy for assignment and study of large proteins by NMR has been developed and used to characterize one of the largest protein monomer reported to date, human carbonic anhydrase. We have also shown that we can observe the longest range distance constraints to date from NOESY correlations which are important in determining tertiary structure of proteins and we are examining the efficacy of structure determinations based on using these critical but limited constraints.
Finally, the core activities of the NMR Center staff have continued to progress rapidly and enhancements to the state-of-the-art instrumentation have again been incorporated. A new deuteration strategy for assignment and study of large proteins by NMR has been developed and used to characterize one of the largest protein monomer reported to date, human carbonic anhydrase. We have also shown that we can observe the longest range distance constraints to date from NOESY correlations which are important in determining tertiary structure of proteins and we are examining the efficacy of structure determinations based on using these critical but limited constraints.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Professor Emeritus of Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2021
- Member of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2012
Contact Information
- 235 Nanaline H Duke, Durham, NC 27708
- Box 3711 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
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spicer@biochem.duke.edu
(919) 684-4327
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Yale University 1968
- B.S., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 1964
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Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- University Distinguished Service Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 1993 - 2021
- Professor of Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Basic Science Departments 1994 - 2021
- Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2018 - 2021
- Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 1983 - 2019
- Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 1983 - 2018
- Recognition
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In the News
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JAN 14, 2014 ANI -
JAN 13, 2014 -
JAN 13, 2014 Duke Today
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- Research
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Selected Grants
- Structural Biological Development of Fungal-Specific Calcineurin Inhibitors awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2022
- Deep Topological Sampling of Protein Structures - non-competing renewal for Year 4 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2022
- Computational Structure-Based Protein Design Non-competing Renewal (Yr. 12) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2022
- Organization and Function of Cellular Structure awarded by National Institutes of Health 1975 - 2020
- Structural Biological Development of Fungal-Specific Calcineurin Inhibitors awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2019
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Training Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 2015
- New Console and Cold Probe for the Duke 600 MHz NMR Spectrometer System awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2014
- Cross-disciplinary Training in Medical Physics awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2013
- Replacement Equipment Components for an 800 MHz NMR Spectrometer awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2011
- Heteronuclear Multi-dimensional In-Cell NMR Spectroscopy awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2010
- NMR studies of proteins and protien-dna binding. awarded by National Institutes of Health 1989 - 2002
- Acquisition Of An Ultra High Field Spectrometer awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2000
- Nmr Studies Of Proteins And Protein-Dna Binding awarded by National Institutes of Health 1989 - 1999
- Cancer Center Core Support Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1976 - 1998
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Support Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1976 - 1998
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Support Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1976 - 1998
- Peptide Immunogens For Mucosal & Systemic Hiv Vaccines Nat awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1997
- Displaydies Of Protein And Protein-Dna Binding awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1996
- Protein-Dna Binding,(Supplement) awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1994
- Ultra High Field Nmr Spectrometer awarded by National Institutes of Health 1990 - 1993
- Acquisition Of An Ultra High Field Nmr Spectrometer awarded by National Science Foundation 1990 - 1992
- Analytical Multinuclear 300 Mhz Nmr Spectrometers For Rout awarded by National Science Foundation 1986 - 1988
- 300 Mhz Analytical Nmr Spectrometer awarded by National Institutes of Health 1986 - 1987
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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Gobeil, Sophie M-C, Benjamin G. Bobay, Praveen R. Juvvadi, D Christopher Cole, Joseph Heitman, William J. Steinbach, Ronald A. Venters, and Leonard D. Spicer. “Leveraging Fungal and Human Calcineurin-Inhibitor Structures, Biophysical Data, and Dynamics To Design Selective and Nonimmunosuppressive FK506 Analogs.” Mbio 12, no. 6 (December 21, 2021): e0300021. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03000-21.Full Text Link to Item
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Dahora, Lindsay C., Marije K. Verheul, Katherine L. Williams, Celina Jin, Lisa Stockdale, Guy Cavet, Eldar Giladi, et al. “Salmonella Typhi Vi capsule prime-boost vaccination induces convergent and functional antibody responses.” Science Immunology 6, no. 64 (October 2021): eabj1181. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abj1181.Full Text
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Juvvadi, Praveen R., Benjamin G. Bobay, Sophie M. C. Gobeil, D Christopher Cole, Ronald A. Venters, Joseph Heitman, Leonard D. Spicer, and William J. Steinbach. “FKBP12 dimerization mutations effect FK506 binding and differentially alter calcineurin inhibition in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 526, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.062.Full Text Link to Item
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Gobeil, Sophie M-C, Benjamin Bobay, Praveen Juvvadi, Christopher Cole, Joseph Heitman, William Steinbach, Ronald Venters, and Leonard Spicer. “Leveraging Fungal Calcineurin-Inhibitor Structures, Biophysics and Dynamics to Design Selective and Non-Immunosuppressive FK506 Analogs,” 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.039800.Full Text
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Juvvadi, Praveen R., David Fox, Benjamin G. Bobay, Michael J. Hoy, Sophie M. C. Gobeil, Ronald A. Venters, Zanetta Chang, et al. “Harnessing calcineurin-FK506-FKBP12 crystal structures from invasive fungal pathogens to develop antifungal agents.” Nat Commun 10, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 4275. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12199-1.Full Text Link to Item
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Gobeil, Sophie M. C., Benjamin G. Bobay, Leonard D. Spicer, and Ronald A. Venters. “15N, 13C and 1H resonance assignments of FKBP12 proteins from the pathogenic fungi Mucor circinelloides and Aspergillus fumigatus.” Biomol Nmr Assign 13, no. 1 (April 2019): 207–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12104-019-09878-x.Full Text Link to Item
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Tonthat, Nam K., Praveen Rao Juvvadi, Hengshan Zhang, Soo Chan Lee, Ron Venters, Leonard Spicer, William J. Steinbach, Joseph Heitman, and Maria A. Schumacher. “Structures of Pathogenic Fungal FKBP12s Reveal Possible Self-Catalysis Function.” Mbio 7, no. 2 (April 26, 2016): e00492–e00416. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00492-16.Full Text Link to Item
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Reardon, Patrick N., Harvey Sage, S Moses Dennison, Jeffrey W. Martin, Bruce R. Donald, S Munir Alam, Barton F. Haynes, and Leonard D. Spicer. “Structure of an HIV-1-neutralizing antibody target, the lipid-bound gp41 envelope membrane proximal region trimer.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111, no. 4 (January 28, 2014): 1391–96. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1309842111.Full Text Link to Item
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Yang, Guang, T Matt Holl, Yang Liu, Yi Li, Xiaozhi Lu, Nathan I. Nicely, Thomas B. Kepler, et al. “Identification of autoantigens recognized by the 2F5 and 4E10 broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies.” J Exp Med 210, no. 2 (February 11, 2013): 241–56. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20121977.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Robinson, Kirsten E., Patrick N. Reardon, and Leonard D. Spicer. “In-cell NMR spectroscopy in Escherichia coli.” Methods Mol Biol 831 (2012): 261–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-480-3_15.Full Text Link to Item
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Augustus, Anne M., and Leonard D. Spicer. “The MetJ regulon in gammaproteobacteria determined by comparative genomics methods.” Bmc Genomics 12 (November 14, 2011): 558. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-558.Full Text Link to Item
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Nicely, Nathan I., S Moses Dennison, Leonard Spicer, Richard M. Scearce, Garnett Kelsoe, Yoshihiro Ueda, Haiyan Chen, Hua-Xin Liao, S Munir Alam, and Barton F. Haynes. “Crystal structure of a non-neutralizing antibody to the HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region.” Nat Struct Mol Biol 17, no. 12 (December 2010): 1492–94. https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1944.Full Text Link to Item
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Augustus, Anne M., Harvey Sage, and Leonard D. Spicer. “Binding of MetJ repressor to specific and nonspecific DNA and effect of S-adenosylmethionine on these interactions.” Biochemistry 49, no. 15 (April 20, 2010): 3289–95. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi902011f.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Augustus, Anne M., Patrick N. Reardon, and Leonard D. Spicer. “MetJ repressor interactions with DNA probed by in-cell NMR.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, no. 13 (March 31, 2009): 5065–69. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811130106.Full Text Link to Item
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Augustus, Anne Marie, Patrick N. Reardon, William T. Heller, and Leonard D. Spicer. “Structural basis for the differential regulation of DNA by the methionine repressor MetJ.” J Biol Chem 281, no. 45 (November 10, 2006): 34269–76. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M605763200.Full Text Link to Item
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Reardon, Patrick N., and Leonard D. Spicer. “Multidimensional NMR spectroscopy for protein characterization and assignment inside cells.” J Am Chem Soc 127, no. 31 (August 10, 2005): 10848–49. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja053145k.Full Text Link to Item
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Buchko, G. W., C. S. Tung, K. McAteer, N. G. Isern, L. D. Spicer, and M. A. Kennedy. “DNA-XPA interactions: a (31)P NMR and molecular modeling study of dCCAATAACC association with the minimal DNA-binding domain (M98-F219) of the nucleotide excision repair protein XPA.” Nucleic Acids Res 29, no. 12 (June 15, 2001): 2635–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/29.12.2635.Full Text Link to Item
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Buchko, G. W., N. G. Isern, L. D. Spicer, and M. A. Kennedy. “Human nucleotide excision repair protein XPA: NMR spectroscopic studies of an XPA fragment containing the ERCC1-binding region and the minimal DNA-binding domain (M59-F219).” Mutat Res 486, no. 1 (June 5, 2001): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8777(01)00072-6.Full Text Link to Item
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Buchko, G. W., G. W. Daughdrill, R. de Lorimier, K. Rao B, N. G. Isern, J. M. Lingbeck, J. S. Taylor, et al. “Interactions of human nucleotide excision repair protein XPA with DNA and RPA70 Delta C327: chemical shift mapping and 15N NMR relaxation studies.” Biochemistry 38, no. 46 (November 16, 1999): 15116–28. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi991755p.Full Text Link to Item
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Vu, H. M., D. Myers, R. de Lorimier, T. J. Matthews, M. A. Moody, C. Heinly, J. V. Torres, B. F. Haynes, and L. Spicer. “Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of solution conformations in C4-V3 hybrid peptides derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 gp120: relation to specificity of peptide-induced anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies.” J Virol 73, no. 1 (January 1999): 746–50. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.73.1.746-750.1999.Full Text Link to Item
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De Serrano, V., A. A. Ribeiro, W. J. Strittmatter, and L. D. Spicer. “Nmr investigation of a microtubule binding region peptide from human tau (τ) protein.” Protein and Peptide Letters 4, no. 3 (December 1, 1997): 165–72.
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Venters, R. A., H. M. Vu, R. M. de Lorimier, and L. D. Spicer. “Strategies for NMR assignment and global fold determinations using perdeuterated proteins.” Techniques in Protein Chemistry 8, no. C (December 1, 1997): 605–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1080-8914(97)80060-9.Full Text
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Venters, R. A., B. T. Farmer, C. A. Fierke, and L. D. Spicer. “Characterizing the use of perdeuteration in NMR studies of large proteins: 13C, 15N and 1H assignments of human carbonic anhydrase II.” J Mol Biol 264, no. 5 (December 20, 1996): 1101–16. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1996.0699.Full Text Link to Item
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De Lorimier, R., H. W. Hellinga, and L. D. Spicer. “NMR studies of structure, hydrogen exchange, and main-chain dynamics in a disrupted-core mutant of thioredoxin.” Protein Sci 5, no. 12 (December 1996): 2552–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560051218.Full Text Link to Item
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Vu, H. M., R. de Lorimier, M. A. Moody, B. F. Haynes, and L. D. Spicer. “Conformational preferences of a chimeric peptide HIV-1 immunogen from the C4-V3 domains of gp120 envelope protein of HIV-1 CAN0A based on solution NMR: comparison to a related immunogenic peptide from HIV-1 RF.” Biochemistry 35, no. 16 (April 23, 1996): 5158–65. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi952665x.Full Text Link to Item
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Hyre, D. E., and L. D. Spicer. “Improved excitation pulse bandwidths using shaped pulses, with application to heteronuclear half filters in macromolecular NMR.” J Magn Reson B 108, no. 1 (July 1995): 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmrb.1995.1097.Full Text Link to Item
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Venters, R. A., C. C. Huang, B. T. Farmer, R. Trolard, L. D. Spicer, and C. A. Fierke. “High-level 2H/13C/15N labeling of proteins for NMR studies.” J Biomol Nmr 5, no. 4 (June 1995): 339–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182275.Full Text Link to Item
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SPICER, L. D., H. VU, R. DELORIMIER, M. A. MOODY, and B. F. HAYNES. “NMR CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES BY IMMUNOGENIC PEPTIDE-FRAGMENTS DERIVED FROM HIV COAT PROTEIN-GP120.” Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, April 2, 1995, 50–50.Link to Item
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Hyre, D. E., and L. D. Spicer. “Thermodynamic evaluation of binding interactions in the methionine repressor system of Escherichia coli using isothermal titration calorimetry.” Biochemistry 34, no. 10 (March 14, 1995): 3212–21. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00010a010.Full Text Link to Item
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Brown, R. A., R. A. Venters, P. P. P. Z. Tang, and L. D. Spicer. “A Test for Scaler Coupling between Heteronuclei Using Gradient-Enhanced Proton-Detected HMQC Spectroscopy.” Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A 113, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 117–19. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmra.1995.1064.Full Text
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Venters, R. A., L. D. Spicer, W. J. Metzler, L. Mueller, and B. T. Farmer. “Use of 1HN- 1HN NOEs to Determine Protein Global Folds in Perdeuterated Proteins.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 37 (January 1, 1995): 9592–93. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00142a039.Full Text
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Venters, R. A., and L. D. Spicer. “Heteronuclear gradient-enhanced NMR for the study of 20–30kDa proteins: Application to human carbonic anhydrase II.” Techniques in Protein Chemistry 6, no. C (January 1, 1995): 495–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1080-8914(06)80060-8.Full Text
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Lorimier, R. de, M. A. Moody, B. F. Haynes, and L. D. Spicer. “NMR-derived solution conformations of a hybrid synthetic peptide containing multiple epitopes of envelope protein gp120 from the RF strain of human immunodeficiency virus.” Biochemistry 33, no. 8 (March 1, 1994): 2055–62. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00174a011.Full Text Link to Item
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MYERS, D., M. A. MOODY, B. F. HAYNES, and L. D. SPICER. “THE 2-D NMR CHARACTERIZATION OF A 39 RESIDUE IMMUNOGENIC CHIMERIC PEPTIDE DERIVED FROM HIVMN.” Biophysical Journal 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): A29–A29.Link to Item
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Kaufman, J., L. M. Siegel, and L. D. Spicer. “Proton NMR of Escherichia coli sulfite reductase: studies of the heme protein subunit with added ligands.” Biochemistry 32, no. 34 (August 31, 1993): 8782–91. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00085a008.Full Text Link to Item
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Kaufman, J., L. D. Spicer, and L. M. Siegel. “Proton NMR of Escherichia coli sulfite reductase: the unligated hemeprotein subunit.” Biochemistry 32, no. 11 (March 23, 1993): 2853–67. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00062a017.Full Text Link to Item
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Kay, H. H., S. R. Hawkins, Y. Wang, D. E. Mika, A. A. Ribeiro, and L. D. Spicer. “Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of perifused human placental villi under varying oxygen concentrations.” Am J Obstet Gynecol 168, no. 1 Pt 1 (January 1993): 246–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(12)90921-7.Full Text Link to Item
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Ram, S., and L. D. Spicer. “Catalyst type and concentration dependence in catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls And Nitriles Via Ammonium Formate.” Synthetic Communications 22, no. 18 (September 1, 1992): 2683–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00397919208021668.Full Text
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Ram, S., and L. D. Spicer. “Temperature and solvent dependent catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis in aromatic aldehydes and ketones via ammonium formate.” Synthetic Communications 22, no. 18 (September 1, 1992): 2673–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/00397919208021667.Full Text
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Kay, H. H., S. R. Hawkins, J. D. Gordon, Y. Wang, A. A. Ribeiro, and L. D. Spicer. “Comparative analysis of normal and growth-retarded placentas with phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.” Am J Obstet Gynecol 167, no. 2 (August 1992): 548–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(11)91451-3.Full Text Link to Item
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Farmer, B. T., R. A. Venters, L. D. Spicer, M. G. Wittekind, and L. Müller. “A refocused and optimized HNCA: increased sensitivity and resolution in large macromolecules.” J Biomol Nmr 2, no. 2 (March 1992): 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01875530.Full Text Link to Item
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Shedd, S. F., and L. D. Spicer. “Characterization of a microcarrier cell culture system for 23Na MR spectroscopy studies.” Nmr Biomed 4, no. 5 (October 1991): 246–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940040504.Full Text Link to Item
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Venters, R. A., T. L. Calderone, L. D. Spicer, and C. A. Fierke. “Uniform 13C isotope labeling of proteins with sodium acetate for NMR studies: application to human carbonic anhydrase II.” Biochemistry 30, no. 18 (May 7, 1991): 4491–94. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00232a017.Full Text Link to Item
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Kay, H. H., J. D. Gordon, A. A. Ribeiro, and L. D. Spicer. “Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human placenta and quantitation with perchloric acid extracts.” Am J Obstet Gynecol 164, no. 1 Pt 1 (January 1991): 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(91)90631-z.Full Text Link to Item
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Hoffman, D. W., R. A. Venters, S. F. Shedd, and L. D. Spicer. “Use of gel filtration in the preparation of biological fluids for magnetic resonance spectroscopy.” Magn Reson Med 13, no. 3 (March 1990): 507–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910130319.Full Text Link to Item
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Ram, S., R. E. Ehrenkaufer, and L. D. Spicer. “Synthesis of the labeled D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 using [11C]carbon dioxide.” Int J Rad Appl Instrum A 40, no. 5 (1989): 425–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(89)90210-4.Full Text Link to Item
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Ram, S., and L. D. Spicer. “Synthesis of 11C-labeled chlorpromazine directly from [11C]carbon dioxide.” Int J Rad Appl Instrum A 40, no. 5 (1989): 413–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(89)90207-4.Full Text Link to Item
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Ram, S., and L. D. Spicer. “Direct incorporation of [11C]carbon dioxide for labeling bioactive molecules. An application to [11C] labeled tamoxifen.” Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 27, no. 6 (January 1, 1989): 661–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.2580270608.Full Text
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Ran, S., and L. D. Spicer. “Regio- and Chemoselective N-C Bond Formation Via Carbon Dioxide: A New Source of the Methyl Group Applications to N-Methylated Secondary and Tertiary Amines.” Synthetic Communications 19, no. 20 (January 1, 1989): 3561–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00397918908052766.Full Text
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Ram, S., and L. D. Spicer. “Reduction of aldehydes and ketones to methylen derivatives using ammonium formate as a catalytic hydrogen transfer agent.” Tetrahedron Letters 29, no. 31 (January 1, 1988): 3741–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)82103-6.Full Text
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Spicer, L. D. “Laser Initiated Hot Chemistry with Catalysts.” Radiochimica Acta 43, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 121–22. https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1988.43.2.121.Full Text
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Ram, S., and L. D. Spicer. “Debenzylation Of N-Benzylamino Derivatives By Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation With Ammonium Formate1, 2.” Synthetic Communications 17, no. 4 (March 1, 1987): 415–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00397918708063919.Full Text
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Brown, M. A., J. A. Carden, R. E. Coleman, R. McKinney, and L. D. Spicer. “Magnetic field effects on surgical ligation clips.” Magn Reson Imaging 5, no. 6 (1987): 443–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(87)90378-x.Full Text Link to Item
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Ram, S., and L. D. Spicer. “Rapid debenzylation of N-benzylamino derivatives to amino-derivatives using ammonium formate as catalytic hydrogen transfer agent.” Tetrahedron Letters 28, no. 5 (January 1, 1987): 515–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)95769-1.Full Text
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Spicer, L. D. “Promoting public understanding.” Chemical and Engineering News 64, no. 48 (December 1, 1986): 27–28.
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Brown, M. A., R. J. Kubek, W. W. McCutchen, A. A. Ribeiro, L. D. Spicer, and D. C. Sullivan. “139 SALT DEPENDENCIES ON LANTHANIDE INDUCED 23Na AND 7Li NMR SHIFTS.” Investigative Radiology 21, no. 9 (September 1986): S35–S35. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198609000-00157.Full Text
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Brown, M. A., T. T. Stenzel, A. A. Ribeiro, B. P. Drayer, and L. D. Spicer. “NMR studies of combined lanthanide shift and relaxation agents for differential characterization of 23Na in a two-compartment model system.” Magn Reson Med 3, no. 2 (April 1986): 289–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910030212.Full Text Link to Item
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Silverman, P. M., L. D. Spicer, R. McKinney, and D. B. Feldman. “Computed tomographic evaluation of surgical clip artifact: tissue phantom and experimental animal assessment.” Comput Radiol 10, no. 1 (1986): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0730-4862(86)90017-x.Full Text Link to Item
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Liang, J., H. P. Wang, and L. D. Spicer. “FT-IR study of nitric oxide chemisorbed on Rh/Al2O3.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, no. 26 (1985): 5840–45.
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Liang, J., H. P. Wang, and L. D. Spicer. “FT-IR study of nitric oxide chemisorbed on Rh/Al2O3.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, no. 26 (January 1, 1985): 5840–45. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100272a053.Full Text
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Chang, J., L. J. Ferro, and L. D. Spicer. “Determination of the spectrum of recoil energies for chlorine atoms generated by the 35Cl(n,γ) 36Cl nuclear process.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 79, no. 12 (January 1, 1983): 6419–21. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445717.Full Text
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Spicer, L., B. Theurer, and M. C. Young. “Ruminal and postruminal utilization of protein from feed grains by beef steers.” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting American Society of Animal Science. Western Section. 34 (January 1983): 335–38.
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Bennett, D. W., and L. D. Spicer. “Characterization of the Gas-Phase Components in Equilibrium with the Ionic Compound Ammonium Trimethylsilyl Sulfite: A New Silanol Source.” Inorganic Chemistry 21, no. 10 (January 1, 1982): 3845–47. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00140a051.Full Text
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Bennett, D. W., and L. D. Spicer. “The Reaction between Sulfur Dioxide and Hexamethyldisilazane. 2. Oxygen Atom Transfer from Sulfur Dioxide.” Inorganic Chemistry 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1982): 410–13. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00131a074.Full Text
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Spicer, L., J. Sowe, and B. Theurer. “Starch digestion of sorghum grain, barley and corn based diets by beef steers.” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting American Society of Animal Science. Western Section. 33 (January 1982): 41–44.
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Bennett, D. W., and L. D. Spicer. “The Reaction between Sulfur Dioxide and Hexamethyldisilazane. 3. The Characterization of Ammonium (Trimethylsilyl )sulfite.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 103, no. 18 (January 1, 1981): 5522–26. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00408a040.Full Text
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Peterson, J. R., D. W. Bennett, and L. D. Spicer. “Photoassistance in homogeneous catalysis: Direct modification of rates and selectivity of Wilkinson's Catalyst.” Journal of Catalysis 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1981): 223–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(81)90221-9.Full Text
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Davis, J. F., and L. D. Spicer. “Formation of 1, 1, 1-trimethyl-N-sulfinylsilanamine from the direct reaction of sulfur dioxide with hexamethyldisilazane.” Inorganic Chemistry 19, no. 7 (January 1, 1980): 2191–92. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50209a078.Full Text
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Callahan, M. B., and L. D. Spicer. “Application of multistep deactivation processes in the interpretation of intermodular energy transfer following chemical activation by kinetic techniques.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 83, no. 8 (January 1, 1979): 1013–16. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100471a024.Full Text
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Spicer, L., H. L. J. R. Chapman, J. E. Moore, and P. Mislevy. “Evaluation of Aeschynomene haylage supplemented with energy and protein for beef cattle.” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting American Society of Animal Science. Western Section. 30 (January 1979): 179–82.
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Spicer, L. D. “Calculation of the average energy of recoil hot reactions. Hot hydrogen replacement reactions in alkane systems moderated with noble gases.” Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 2: Molecular and Chemical Physics 74 (December 1, 1978): 527–32. https://doi.org/10.1039/F29787400527.Full Text
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Erwin, W. R., B. E. Gordon, L. D. Spicer, and R. M. Lemmon. “Irradiation of benzene with 14CH+ and 14CH3+ ions.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 82, no. 6 (January 1, 1978): 654–56. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100495a007.Full Text
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Erwin, W. R., B. E. Gordon, L. D. Spicer, and R. M. Lemmon. “Irradiation of benzene with 14CH+ and 14CH3+ ions.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 82, no. 6 (1978): 654–56.
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Ferro, L. J., and L. D. Spicer. “Determination of the spectrum of recoil energies for chlorine atoms generated by the 37Cl(n,γ) 38Cl nuclear process.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 69, no. 3 (January 1, 1978): 1320–21. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.436676.Full Text
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Ferro, L. J., and L. D. Spicer. “Characterization of the unimolecular behavior of recoil hot reaction products in inert bath gases. Application to c-C4H7T.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 69, no. 10 (January 1, 1978): 4335–40. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.436444.Full Text
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Stevens, D. J., and L. D. Spicer. “Reactions of Recoil Generated Chlorine-38 Atoms with 2,3-Dichlorohexafluoro-2-butene. Cis/Trans Isomerization Accompanying Chlorine for Chlorine Replacement.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 100, no. 11 (January 1, 1978): 3295–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00479a006.Full Text
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Stevens, D. J., and L. D. Spicer. “Characterization of hot chlorine atom reactions with hydrogen.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 82, no. 6 (January 1, 1978): 627–32. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100495a001.Full Text
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Nogar, N. S., and L. D. Spicer. “Nuclear recoil chemical activation studies. Vibrational energy transfer from cyclobutane-t.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 66, no. 8 (January 1, 1977): 3624–34. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.434396.Full Text
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Smith, P. P., and L. D. Spicer. “Evidence for hydrogen abstraction as the rate determining step in the photochemical reaction of SO2 with alkanes.” Chemosphere 6, no. 7 (January 1, 1977): 387–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(77)90016-9.Full Text
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Stevens, D. J., and L. D. Spicer. “Correlation between the average energy of reaction and system composition in recoil hot reaction studies.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 66, no. 11 (January 1, 1977): 5253–55. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433760.Full Text
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Stevens, D. J., and L. D. Spicer. “Kinetics and mechanism of recoil chlorine atom reactions with ethylene.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 81, no. 13 (January 1, 1977): 1217–22. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100528a001.Full Text
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Van Uitert, C. E., L. D. Spicer, and L. G. G. Van Uitert. “Potentiometric determination of solvation numbers and hydration constants for cations.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 81, no. 1 (January 1, 1977): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100516a010.Full Text
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Nogar, N. S., M. B. Callahan, and L. D. Spicer. “Energetics and Mechanism of the Recoil Tritium Replacement Reaction with Cyclohutane.” Radiochimica Acta 23, no. 2 (January 1, 1976): 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1976.23.2.92.Full Text
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Nogar, N. S., and L. D. Spicer. “Vibration to translation energy transfer from excited cyclobutane chemically activated by nuclear recoil reaction [2].” Journal of Physical Chemistry 80, no. 15 (January 1, 1976): 1736–38. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100556a019.Full Text
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Stevens, D. J., and L. D. Spicer. “Dynamical features of the high energy isotope effect in chlorine atom reactions with hydrogen and deuterium.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 64, no. 11 (January 1, 1976): 4798–4800. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.432070.Full Text
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Kremer, L. N., and L. D. Spicer. “Evidence for S(1D) Atom Reactions Involving 34S(n,γ)35S Nuclear Recoil Generated Sulfur.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 97, no. 17 (August 1, 1975): 5021–22. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00850a050.Full Text
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Nogar, N. S., J. K. Dewey, and L. D. Spicer. “Energy transfer studies from excited cyclobutane chemically activated by nuclear recoil reaction.” Chemical Physics Letters 34, no. 1 (July 1, 1975): 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(75)80210-7.Full Text
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Kremer, L. N., and L. D. Spicer. “Evidence for S(1D) atom reactions involving 34S(n,γ)35S nuclear recoil generated sulfur [11].” Journal of the American Chemical Society 97, no. 17 (1975): 5021–22.
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Smith, P. P., and L. D. Spicer. “Characterization of products from the photochemically induced reactions between SO2 and aliphatic hydrocarbons.” Chemosphere 4, no. 3 (January 1, 1975): 131–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(75)90088-0.Full Text
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Kremer, L., and L. D. Spicer. “Gas Chromatographic Separation of Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbonyl Sulfide, and Higher Sulfur Compounds with a Single Pass System.” Analytical Chemistry 45, no. 11 (September 1, 1973): 1963–64. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60333a050.Full Text
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Malerich, C. J., and L. D. Spicer. “On the collision density in recoil hot atom systems. Effect of reactive events.” Chemical Physics Letters 18, no. 3 (February 1, 1973): 405–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(73)80202-7.Full Text
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Malerich, C. J., and L. D. Spicer. “Effects of inelastic processes on the collision distribution in recoil systems.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 59, no. 4 (January 1, 1973): 1577–81. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1680234.Full Text
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Spicer, L. D. “Deuterium Isotope Effect in Halogen Atom Reactions with Methane and Perdeuteriomethane at Energies above Thermal Thresholds.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 95, no. 1 (January 1, 1973): 51–53. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00782a009.Full Text
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Spicer, L. D., and A. Suida. “The Reactive Isotope Effect in Nuclear Recoil 18F Reactions with CH4 and CD4 to Produce CH3F and CD3F.” Radiochimica Acta 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1972): 16–19. https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1972.18.1.16.Full Text
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Chan, S. C., B. S. Rabinovitch, J. T. Bryant, L. D. Spicer, T. Fujimoto, Y. N. Lin, and S. P. Pavlou. “Energy transfer in thermal methyl isocyanide isomerization. A comprehensive investigation.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 74, no. 17 (January 1, 1970): 3160–76. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100711a002.Full Text
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Chan, S. C., J. T. Bryant, L. D. Spicer, and B. S. Rabinovitch. “Energy transfer in thermal methyl isocyanide isomerization. Relative cross sections of fluoroalkanes and nitriles.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 74, no. 10 (January 1, 1970): 2058–64. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100909a003.Full Text
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Spicer, L. D., and B. S. Rabinovitch. “Vibrational energy transfer in thermal methyl isocyanide isomerization. Relative cross sections in complex molecular systems.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 74, no. 12 (January 1, 1970): 2445–48. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100706a005.Full Text
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Chan, S. C., B. S. Rabinovitch, L. D. Spicer, and J. T. Bryant. “Dipolar orientation effect in collisional energy transfer [2].” Journal of Physical Chemistry 73, no. 7 (January 1, 1969): 2464. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100727a076.Full Text
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Spicer, L., and R. Wolfgang. “Kinetic analysis of the reaction of hot chlorine atoms with alkanes; collisional dissociation of translationally excited products.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 50, no. 8 (January 1, 1969): 3466–76. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1671570.Full Text
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Spicer, L. D., M. W. Bullock, M. Garber, W. Groth, J. J. Hand, D. W. Long, J. L. Sawyer, and R. S. Wayne. “A new synthesis of 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole.” J Org Chem 33, no. 4 (April 1968): 1350–53. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01268a009.Full Text Link to Item
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Spicer, L., J. F. J. Todd, and R. Wolfgang. “Systematics and Mechanism of Hot Halogen Reactions. Trends in Total Yield.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 90, no. 9 (January 1, 1968): 2425–26. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01011a043.Full Text
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Spicer, L., and R. Wolfgang. “Systematics and Mechanism of Hot Halogen Reactions. Product Distribution.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 90, no. 9 (January 1, 1968): 2426–28. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01011a044.Full Text
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RINEHART, K. L., J. R. BECK, D. B. BORDERS, W. W. EPSTEIN, T. H. KINSTLE, L. D. SPICER, D. KRAUSS, and A. C. BUTTON. “STRUCTURE OF STREPTOLYDIGIN.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 161 (1963): 346–48.Link to Item
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Conference Papers
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Spicer, L. D., P. Reardon, and A. M. Augustus. “Multidimensional NMR spectroscopy of proteins in live cells.” In Faseb Journal, 20:A491–92. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2006.Link to Item
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Spicer, L. D., R. A. Venters, and R. M. de Lorimier. “Long range dipolar contacts in NMR: Use in defining global folds and structures in proteins.” In Biophysical Journal, 84:172A-173A. BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY, 2003.Link to Item
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Spicer, L. D., T. Kirby, B. Hindenach, R. De Lorimier, R. Greene, D. Hyre, D. Volk, and G. Tong. “NMR studies of the MetJ repressor from E.coliand its interactions with operator DNA and co-repressor, SAM.” In Faseb Journal, 14:A1386–A1386. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2000.Link to Item
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Ribeiro, A. A., L. D. Spicer, S. E. Wright, and K. E. Dombrowski. “NMR of native and mutant peptides of human epithelial mucin.” In Faseb Journal, 10:687–687. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 1996.Link to Item
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FARMER, B. T., R. A. VENTERS, L. D. SPICER, and L. MUELLER. “NMR EXPERIMENTS ON PERDEUTERATED AND C-13-N-15 LABELED HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE-II - C-13 SIDE-CHAIN ASSIGNMENTS AND LONG-RANGE 1HN-1HN.” In Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 57–57. WILEY-LISS, 1995.Link to Item
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VENTERS, R. A., C. C. HUANG, B. T. FARMER, R. TROLARD, L. D. SPICER, and C. A. FIERKE. “NMR-STUDIES OF H-2/C-13/N-15-LABELED HCA-II.” In Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 77–77. WILEY-LISS, 1995.Link to Item
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Lorimier, R. de, and L. D. Spicer. “NMR Methods Used to Derive Solution Conformations in Peptides,” 5:423–30, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-194710-1.50052-7.Full Text
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SPICER, L. D., D. HYRE, R. VENTERS, and B. T. FARMER. “HETERONUCLEAR EDITED STUDIES OF THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI METHIONINE REPRESSOR SYSTEM.” In Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 302–302. WILEY-LISS, 1993.Link to Item
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HOFFMAN, D. W., and L. D. SPICER. “ISOTOPIC LABELING OF SPECIFIC AMINO-ACID TYPES AS AN AID TO NMR-SPECTRUM ASSIGNMENT OF THE METHIONINE REPRESSOR PROTEIN.” In Techniques in Protein Chemistry Ii, edited by J. J. VILLAFRANCA, 409–16. ACADEMIC PRESS INC, 1991.Link to Item
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HOFFMAN, D. W., R. C. GREENE, and L. D. SPICER. “NMR-SPECTROSCOPY OF THE MET REPRESSOR PROTEIN AND ITS COMPLEX WITH S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE.” In Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 199:47-BIOL. AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1990.Link to Item
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HOFFMAN, D. W., R. C. GREENE, and L. D. SPICER. “NMR-SPECTROSCOPY OF THE MET REPRESSOR PROTEIN AND ITS COMPLEX WITH S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE.” In Biochemistry, 29:2188–2188. AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1990.Link to Item
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RAM, S., and L. D. SPICER. “REGIOSELECTIVE AND CHEMOSELECTIVE N-METHYLATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY-AMINES VIA CARBON-DIOXIDE.” In Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 198:264-ORGN. AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1989.Link to Item
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GORDON, J. D., H. H. KAY, and L. D. SPICER. “P-31 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY OF HUMAN-PLACENTA.” In Investigative Radiology, 23:S63–S63. LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL, 1988.Link to Item
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RAM, S., R. E. COLEMAN, and L. D. SPICER. “SYNTHESIS OF [C-11] LABELED TAMOXIFEN VIA REDUCTIVE CARBOXYLATION.” In Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 29:1325–26. SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC, 1988.Link to Item
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RAM, S., R. E. EHRENKAUFER, L. D. SPICER, and R. E. COLEMAN. “SYNTHESIS OF C-11 LABELED RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS USING [C-11] CO2 - AN APPLICATION TO THE LABELING OF THE DOPAMINE (D1) ANTAGONISTS, 3-N-[C-11]-METHYL-BENZAZEPINES.” In Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 193:10-NUCL. AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1987.Link to Item
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BROWN, M. A., A. A. RIBEIRO, and L. D. SPICER. “NA-23 NMR - APPLICATION TO EYE TISSUE.” In Investigative Radiology, 21:S43–S43. LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL, 1986.Link to Item
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