Scholars@Duke
Susan Roth

Susan Roth

Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Neuroscience
Psychology & Neuroscience
src@duke.edu
Duke Box 90003, Durham, NC 27708-0003
216 Allen Bldg, Box 90003, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

Child Sexual Abuse History and Feminine Gender-Role Identity

Journal Article Sex Roles · January 1, 2011 The association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and feminine gender-role identity was examined among 75 women with and 107 without a history of CSA. Undergraduates and hospital employees from a university in the Southern United States completed questionna ... Full text Cite

Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma.

Journal Article Journal of traumatic stress · October 2005 Children and adults exposed to chronic interpersonal trauma consistently demonstrate psychological disturbances that are not captured in the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. The DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) Field Trial stu ... Full text Cite

Childhood trauma remembered: A report on the current scientific knowledge base and its applications

Journal Article Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · August 18, 1998 This article was developed by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) to inform professionals and the public about the complex and important issues that are involved in the current controversy about memories of childhood sexual abuse ... Full text Cite

Complex PTSD in victims exposed to sexual and physical abuse: results from the DSM-IV Field Trial for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Journal Article Journal of traumatic stress · October 1997 Two hundred thirty four participants in the DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Field Trial who reported sexual and/or physical abuse were evaluated. Participants were categorized according to type of abuse (physical, sexual, both), duration of abu ... Full text Cite

Thematic resolution, PTSD, and complex PTSD: the relationship between meaning and trauma-related diagnoses.

Journal Article Journal of traumatic stress · April 1997 The role of modifying schemas in trauma-focused psychotherapy has received theoretical and clinical attention. However, the relationship of schematic processing to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis has not been examined empirically. The curren ... Full text Cite

Assessment of a new self-rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Psychol Med · January 1997 BACKGROUND: In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) there is a need for self-rating scales that are sensitive to treatment effects and have been tested in a broad range of trauma survivors. Separate measures of frequency and severity may also provide an a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a criteria set and a structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (SIDES).

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · January 1997 Data regarding the development of a structured interview measuring alterations that may accompany extreme stress are presented. A list of 27 criteria often seen in response to extreme trauma and not addressed by DSM-IV criteria for posttraumatic stress dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation: the complexity of adaptation of trauma.

Journal Article The American journal of psychiatry · July 1996 ObjectiveA century of clinical research has noted a range of trauma-related psychological problems that are not captured in the DSM-IV framework of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the relationships between exposure to ... Full text Cite

A multi-modal treatment for incest survivors: Preliminary outcome data

Journal Article Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory and Practice · 1996 Cite

A multi-modal treatment for incest survivors: Preliminary outcome data

Journal Article Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy · January 1, 1996 This paper describes a pilot study of a 1-year multi-modal treatment for incest survivors, incorporating individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. The treatment was designed to provide a therapeutic context in which the affective ... Full text Cite

Roth and batson reply to "creative balance" commentary

Journal Article Journal of Traumatic Stress · September 1, 1994 Full text Cite

"I felt like a slut": the cultural context and women's response to being raped.

Journal Article Journal of traumatic stress · July 1994 This paper examines how cultural beliefs (cultural constructions) about women influence how women survivors of rape make sense of their traumatic experience. A thematic content analysis of interviews with female survivors of rape was undertaken to provide ... Full text Cite

The creative balance: The therapeutic relationship and thematic issues in trauma resolution

Journal Article Journal of Traumatic Stress · April 1, 1993 A case example of the psychotherapeutic treatment by a male therapist of a female incest survivor is presented in the present paper. The case illustrates how the evolution of the therapeutic relationship critically contributed to the resolution of thematic ... Full text Cite

The Process of Coping with Incest for Adult Survivors: Measurement and Implications for Treatment and Research

Journal Article Journal of Interpersonal Violence · January 1, 1993 The process of coping with sexual trauma is defined in terms of trauma themes—affect and schema categories—and a dimension along which trauma resolution can be measured in regard to these themes. The recovery process is a dynamic one that involves integrat ... Full text Cite

Psychological factors in abortion. A review.

Journal Article The American psychologist · October 1992 Psychological research is increasingly involved in debates regarding abortion. While recognizing the diversity of ethical and moral issues intertwined with abortion, the American Psychological Association (APA) has focused its involvement on psychological ... Full text Cite

The role of helplessness in the recovery process for sexual trauma survivors.

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · April 1992 Full text Cite

The role of helplessness in recovery from sexual trauma

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science · 1992 Cite

The relation between physical assault and psychological functioning in a sample of university women, and the relative effects of physical and sexual assault

Journal Article Journal of Traumatic Stress · October 1, 1991 The purpose of this study was threefold: to determine the prevalence and descriptive characteristics of physically abusive relationships in a sample of university women, to identify the psychological correlates of physical abuse and the relative effects of ... Full text Cite

Fluoxetine in post-traumatic stress disorder

Journal Article Journal of Traumatic Stress · July 1, 1991 Fluoxetine was given to five nonveteran patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The maximum doses ranged from 20 to 80 mg/day, and treatment was continued for between 8 and 32 weeks. In contrast to published reports of other drugs, which were ... Full text Cite

The process of coping with sexual trauma

Journal Article Journal of Traumatic Stress · April 1, 1991 In coping with sexual trauma, a survivor must come to understand the emotional impact of the trauma so that she is no longer preoccupied or driven by negative feelings, and must grapple with the meaning of the trauma until an adaptive resolution is achieve ... Full text Cite

Measurement of the process of coping with sexual trauma

Journal Article Journal of Traumatic Stress · 1991 Cite

Psychotherapy with Vietnam veterans and rape and incest survivors

Journal Article Psychotherapy · January 1, 1991 The research and clinical literature on the treatment of two groups of trauma victims, Vietnam veterans and rape and incest survivors, is reviewed. A variety of trauma-focused interventions have been described and evaluated for these two populations; howev ... Full text Cite

The trauma constellation identification scale: A measure of the psychological impact of a stressful life event

Journal Article Journal of Traumatic Stress · October 1, 1990 This investigation reports the development of a self-report instrument designed to assess maladaptive cognitive schemata and negative affects associated with a stressful or traumatic life event. Participants included undergraduate university students (N=22 ... Full text Cite

Psychological responses after abortion.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · April 1990 A review of methodologically sound studies of the psychological responses of U.S. women after they obtained legal, nonrestrictive abortions indicates that distress is generally greatest before the abortion and that the incidence of severe negative response ... Full text Cite

Motives and psychodynamics of self-reported, unincarcerated rapists.

Journal Article The American journal of orthopsychiatry · April 1990 Fifteen men, classified by self-report as rapists and attempted rapists, but who had never been arrested or convicted, were compared to a matched control group on standardized instruments and content-coded interviews. Differences in hostility toward women, ... Full text Cite

Motives and psychodynamics of nonincarcerated rapists

Journal Article American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · 1990 Cite

PSYCHOTHERAPISTS’KNOWLEDGE ABOUT AND ATTITUDES TOWARD SEXUAL ASSAULT VICTIM CLIENTS

Journal Article Psychology of Women Quarterly · January 1, 1990 The present research investigated the question of how therapists’attitudes toward sexual assault victims predict their inferences about and treatment of clients. In addition, this study asked the following questions: (a) What percentage of female psychothe ... Full text Cite

Victimization history and victim-assailant relationship as factors in recovery from sexual assault

Journal Article Journal of Traumatic Stress · January 1, 1990 The present study investigated the psychological aftermath of sexual assault in a probability sample of university women, with an emphasis on how various aspects of a victim's lifetime sexual assault history and their relationship with their assailant(s) m ... Full text Cite

Motivational factors in nonincarcerated sexually aggressive men.

Journal Article Journal of personality and social psychology · November 1988 Research on convicted rapists has demonstrated the importance of several key motivational factors in male sexual aggression. In particular, anger at women and the need to dominate or control them have been repeatedly implicated. Although anger and power ha ... Full text Cite

The experience of sexual trauma

Journal Article Journal of Traumatic Stress · January 1, 1988 The present research was designed to describe women's experience of sexual trauma and its aftermath as it relates to difficulties in coping with the trauma. A small, but heterogeneous, sample of survivors seeking treatment was interviewed in an unstructure ... Full text Cite

Group therapy for sexual-assault victims

Journal Article Psychotherapy · January 1, 1988 The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of one year of group psychotherapy in reducing the long-term psychological aftereffects of sexual assault. The treatment subjects were seven white, adult female victims who responded to standardize ... Full text Cite

The Psychological Aftermath of Rape: Long-Term Effects and Individual Differences in Recovery

Journal Article Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · December 1987 Full text Cite

Coping with cancer.

Journal Article J Human Stress · 1987 This study examined coping strategies in head and neck cancer patients. The relationships between the use of approach and avoidant coping strategies and the physical and emotional distress of 35 newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients during the earl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress

Journal Article American Psychologist · 1986 Cite

Coping with abortion.

Journal Article Journal of human stress · January 1984 This study evaluated individual differences in coping style in response to an abortion procedure. The 55 subjects displayed a wide range of responses, although the average level of distress was fairly high. These women were quite similar to other stressed ... Full text Cite

Relationship between cognitive activity and adjustment in four spinal-cord-injured individuals: a longitudinal investigation.

Journal Article Journal of human stress · March 1981 Although most of the stress one faces in life occurs in anticipation of a stressful period, very little research has been done on what anticipatory cognitive activities are related to subsequent adjustment. The present study investigated the relationship b ... Full text Cite

A revised model of learned helplessness in humans.

Journal Article Journal of personality · March 1980 The present paper presents a revised model of learned helplessness in humans. The conditions under which performance deficits (helplessness) or enhanced performance (facilitation) will result from exposure to objective noncontingency are defined by a numbe ... Full text Cite

Thoughts About Therapy And Therapy On Thoughts

Journal Article Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews · June 1976 Full text Cite

Effects of noncontingent reinforcement on tasks of differing importance: Facilitation and learned helplessness

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · October 1, 1975 Following the learned helplessness paradigm, the present study with 63 undergraduates assessed the hypothesized existence of a curvilinear relationship between experiences of no control and helpless behavior. Two factors thought to affect the impact of exp ... Full text Cite

Effects of experimentally induced expectancies of external control: An investigation of learned helplessness

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · February 1, 1974 Used the learned helplessness paradigm to assess the effects of experimentally induced expectancies of external control in 28 undergraduates. Expectancies of external control were induced by the administration of random reinforcement for performance on con ... Full text Cite