Stephen L Craig
William T. Miller Distinguished Professor of Chemistry
Research interests in Prof. Craig's group bridge physical organic and materials chemistry. Many of these interests are guided by the vision that important challenges in materials science might be better tackled not from the traditional perspective of an engineer, but rather from the molecular perspective of an organic chemist. Current interests include the design and synthesis of self-healing polymers and the use of modern mechanochemistry in new stress-responsive polymers, catalysis, and the study of transition states and reactive intermediates. These areas require an interdisciplinary and nontraditional mix of synthetic organic and polymer chemistry, single-molecule spectroscopy, supramolecular chemistry, and materials characterization.
Research interests are complemented by numerous teaching and outreach activities, including: (1) hosting intensive undergraduate and high school research experiences for a diverse group of both Duke and non-Duke students; (2) exploiting effective, scalable, and low-cost mechanisms for content dissemination; (3) team-based and active learning content in the undergraduate and graduate classroom.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- William T. Miller Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2013
- Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2012
- Faculty Network Member of The Energy Initiative, Nicholas Institute-Energy Initiative, Initiatives 2012
- Bass Fellow, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2012
Contact Information
- 3221 French Family Science Cen, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708
- Box 90346, Durham, NC 27708-0346
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stephen.craig@duke.edu
(919) 660-1538
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Craig Research Group
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Stanford University 1997
- M.Phil., University of Cambridge (United Kingdom) 1992
- B.S., Duke University 1991
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Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Chair of the Department of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2012 - 2017
- Fuchsberg-Levine Family Associate Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2007 - 2012
- Associate Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2007 - 2011
- Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2000 - 2007
- Recognition
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In the News
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SEP 1, 2021 -
MAY 14, 2020 Duke Government Relations -
SEP 20, 2019 Duke Research Blog -
AUG 7, 2018 -
NOV 5, 2013 Duke Research Blog -
AUG 4, 2013
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Awards & Honors
- Covestro Distinguished Lecturer. Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Pittsburh. 2022
- NC ACS Distinguished Lecturer . NC Section, ACS. 2022
- Schulich Visiting Faculty Lectureship. The Technion. 2022
- Special Creativity Award. Division of Chemistry, NSF . 2020
- G. Stafford Whitby Memorial Lectureship. University of Akron. 2017
- Arun Guthikonda Memorial Award and Lecture. Dept. of Chemistry, Columbia Univ.. 2015
- AAAS Fellow. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2013
- Akron Section Award . ACS. 2013
- Arthur K. Doolittle Award. PMSE Division, ACS. 2013
- Expertise
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Subject Headings
- Bicyclo Compounds
- Biocompatible Materials
- Catalysis
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemistry
- Chemistry, Organic
- Chemistry, Physical
- Click Chemistry
- Cyanoacrylates
- Elasticity
- Gels
- Kinetics
- Materials Testing
- Mechanical Processes
- Muser Mentor
- Neural Networks (Computer)
- Pattern Recognition, Automated
- Tissue Scaffolds
- Treatment Outcome
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Global Scholarship
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Research
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- Research
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Selected Grants
- University Training Program in Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 2027
- NSF Center for the Chemistry of Molecularly Optimized Networks awarded by National Science Foundation 2021 - 2026
- Collaborative Research: Mechanochemistry of Metallocenes awarded by National Science Foundation 2019 - 2025
- Multi-State Catalysts Modulated by Mechanical Force awarded by Department of Energy 2017 - 2023
- LUMICKS C-TRAP awarded by National Institutes of Health 2022 - 2023
- Collaborative Research: RAPID: Augmenting Mucosal Gels with Associating Brush Polymers to Prevent COVID19 Infection awarded by National Science Foundation 2020 - 2023
- Triggering Outstanding Properties via Mechanical Adaptive Topologies (TOPMAT): Towards Dynamically Self-Amplifying Omniphoric Multiscale Metamaterials awarded by University of California, San Diego 2020 - 2023
- A high speed imaging system for research on ultrafast, repeated-use materials and systems awarded by Army Research Office 2022 - 2023
- Integrated Design, Additive Manufacturing, and Mechanoresponsive Materials awarded by University of Washington 2017 - 2022
- Center for the Chemistry of Molecularly Optimized Networks awarded by National Science Foundation 2018 - 2022
- Discovery and Manipulation of Biomolecular-Noble Gas Interactions 2018 - 2022
- Covalent Polymer Mechanochemistry awarded by National Science Foundation 2018 - 2021
- Mapping the Fundamentals of Coordination Chemistry onto Mechanically Activated Pathways awarded by American Chemical Society 2017 - 2020
- Sponsored Research Agreement - Michelin 2015 - 2020
- GAANN - Department of Chemistry awarded by Department of Education 2015 - 2019
- Covalent Polymer Mechanochemistry awarded by National Science Foundation 2015 - 2019
- URAP Proposal for Award W911NF-15-1-0143 awarded by Army Research Office 2016 - 2019
- Stress-strengthening Synthetic Polymers by Covalent Mechanochemistry awarded by Army Research Office 2015 - 2019
- Deployable Brain Strain Sensing Gels 2017 - 2018
- MRI: Acquisition of a Triple Quadrupole LC/MS System awarded by National Science Foundation 2015 - 2018
- Mechanochroism Elastomers 2016 - 2017
- Fifth International Conference on Self-Healing Materials (ICSHM) awarded by National Science Foundation 2015 - 2016
- REU Site: Chemistry and Applications of Smart Molecules and Materials at Duke University awarded by National Science Foundation 2011 - 2016
- High sensitivity multi-purpose electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for biotechnological and biomedical research 2014 - 2015
- International Collaboration in Chemistry: Mechanochemical Probes for Supramolecular Polymer Networks awarded by National Science Foundation 2011 - 2014
- Fluxional Mechanocatalysis 2011 - 2014
- Mechanism and Mechanics in Supramolecular Polymer awarded by National Science Foundation 2007 - 2011
- Purchase of a Q-TOF LC/MS System awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2011
- MRS Symposium II: Mechanochemistry in Materials Science. MRS Fall Mtg-Boston, MA awarded by Air Force Office of Scientific Research 2010 - 2011
- Modular Reversibly Polymerized Materials awarded by National Institutes of Health 2005 - 2010
- Harnessing Macroscopic Forces in Catalysis awarded by Army Research Office 2008 - 2009
- SGER: Single-Molecule Studies of Hidden Reactions awarded by National Science Foundation 2005 - 2006
- Development and Construction of Single Molecule Spectrometers for Research and Student Training awarded by National Science Foundation 2001 - 2003
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External Relationships
- NC ACS section
- University of Hokkaido
- University of Pittsburgh
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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Wakefield, Herbert, Ilia Kevlishvili, Kelsie E. Wentz, Yunxin Yao, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Sophia J. Melvin, Em G. Ambrosius, et al. “Synthesis and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a Strained trans-Silacycloheptene and Single-Molecule Mechanics of Its Polymer.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, no. 18 (May 2023): 10187–96. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c01004.Full Text
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Wang, S., S. Panyukov, S. L. Craig, and M. Rubinstein. “Contribution of Unbroken Strands to the Fracture of Polymer Networks.” Macromolecules 56, no. 6 (March 28, 2023): 2309–18. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02139.Full Text
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Ouchi, T., W. Wang, B. E. Silverstein, J. A. Johnson, and S. L. Craig. “Effect of strand molecular length on mechanochemical transduction in elastomers probed with uniform force sensors.” Polymer Chemistry 14, no. 14 (March 15, 2023): 1646–55. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3py00065f.Full Text
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Ozer, Imran, Anna Slezak, Parul Sirohi, Xinghai Li, Nikita Zakharov, Yunxin Yao, Jeffrey I. Everitt, et al. “An injectable PEG-like conjugate forms a subcutaneous depot and enables sustained delivery of a peptide drug.” Biomaterials 294 (March 2023): 121985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121985.Full Text Link to Item
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Ouchi, Tetsu, Brandon H. Bowser, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Xujun Zheng, and Stephen L. Craig. “Strain-triggered acidification in a double-network hydrogel enabled by multi-functional transduction of molecular mechanochemistry.” Materials Horizons 10, no. 2 (February 2023): 585–93. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2mh01105k.Full Text
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Craig, Stephen L. “Concluding remarks: Fundamentals, applications and future of mechanochemistry.” Faraday Discussions 241, no. 0 (January 2023): 485–91. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fd00141a.Full Text
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Lloyd, Evan M., Jafer R. Vakil, Yunxin Yao, Nancy R. Sottos, and Stephen L. Craig. “Covalent Mechanochemistry and Contemporary Polymer Network Chemistry: A Marriage in the Making.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, no. 2 (January 2023): 751–68. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c09623.Full Text
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Wang, J., T. B. Kouznetsova, J. Xia, F. J. Ángeles, M. O. de la Cruz, and S. L. Craig. “A polyelectrolyte handle for single-molecule force spectroscopy.” Journal of Polymer Science, January 1, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230051.Full Text
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Wang, Liqi, Xujun Zheng, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Tiffany Yen, Tetsu Ouchi, Cameron L. Brown, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanochemistry of Cubane.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, no. 50 (December 2022): 22865–69. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c10878.Full Text
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Yu, Y., X. Zheng, C. Duan, S. L. Craig, and R. A. Widenhoefer. “Force-Modulated Selectivity of the Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of 1-Alkenes.” Acs Catalysis 12, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 13941–50. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c04534.Full Text
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Xu, D., B. D. Olsen, and S. L. Craig. “Relaxation dynamics of supramolecular polymer networks with mixed cross-linkers.” Journal of Rheology 66, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 1193–1201. https://doi.org/10.1122/8.0000421.Full Text
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Zou, Weizhong, Alexis Martell Monterroza, Yunxin Yao, S Cem Millik, Morgan M. Cencer, Nathan J. Rebello, Haley K. Beech, et al. “Extending BigSMILES to non-covalent bonds in supramolecular polymer assemblies.” Chemical Science 13, no. 41 (October 2022): 12045–55. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2sc02257e.Full Text
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Wang, Z., T. B. Kouznetsova, and S. L. Craig. “Pulling Outward but Reacting Inward: Mechanically Induced Symmetry-Allowed Reactions of cis - And trans -Diester-Substituted Dichlorocyclopropanes.” Synlett 33, no. 9 (June 1, 2022): 885–89. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1760-8817.Full Text
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Wiebelhaus, Nancy, Niven Singh, Peng Zhang, Stephen L. Craig, David N. Beratan, and Michael C. Fitzgerald. “Discovery of the Xenon-Protein Interactome Using Large-Scale Measurements of Protein Folding and Stability.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, no. 9 (March 2022): 3925–38. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c11900.Full Text
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Wang, Zi, Xujun Zheng, Tetsu Ouchi, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Haley K. Beech, Sarah Av-Ron, Takahiro Matsuda, et al. “Toughening hydrogels through force-triggered chemical reactions that lengthen polymer strands.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 374, no. 6564 (October 2021): 193–96. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg2689.Full Text
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Cha, Yujin, Tianyu Zhu, Ye Sha, Huina Lin, JiHyeon Hwang, Matthew Seraydarian, Stephen L. Craig, and Chuanbing Tang. “Mechanochemistry of Cationic Cobaltocenium Mechanophore.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 30 (August 2021): 11871–78. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c05233.Full Text
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Horst, Matías, Jinghui Yang, Jan Meisner, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Todd J. Martínez, Stephen L. Craig, and Yan Xia. “Understanding the Mechanochemistry of Ladder-Type Cyclobutane Mechanophores by Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 31 (August 2021): 12328–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c05857.Full Text
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Yu, Yichen, Chenxu Wang, Liqi Wang, Cai-Li Sun, Roman Boulatov, Ross A. Widenhoefer, and Stephen L. Craig. “Force-modulated reductive elimination from platinum(ii) diaryl complexes.” Chemical Science 12, no. 33 (August 2021): 11130–37. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sc03182a.Full Text
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Bowser, Brandon H., Shu Wang, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Haley K. Beech, Bradley D. Olsen, Michael Rubinstein, and Stephen L. Craig. “Single-Event Spectroscopy and Unravelling Kinetics of Covalent Domains Based on Cyclobutane Mechanophores.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 13 (April 2021): 5269–76. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c02149.Full Text
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Danielsen, Scott P. O., Haley K. Beech, Shu Wang, Bassil M. El-Zaatari, Xiaodi Wang, Liel Sapir, Tetsu Ouchi, et al. “Molecular Characterization of Polymer Networks.” Chemical Reviews 121, no. 8 (April 2021): 5042–92. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01304.Full Text
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Lin, Tzyy-Shyang, Nathan J. Rebello, Haley K. Beech, Zi Wang, Bassil El-Zaatari, David J. Lundberg, Jeremiah A. Johnson, Julia A. Kalow, Stephen L. Craig, and Bradley D. Olsen. “PolyDAT: A Generic Data Schema for Polymer Characterization.” Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 61, no. 3 (March 2021): 1150–63. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00028.Full Text
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Brown, Cameron L., Brandon H. Bowser, Jan Meisner, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Stefan Seritan, Todd J. Martinez, and Stephen L. Craig. “Substituent Effects in Mechanochemical Allowed and Forbidden Cyclobutene Ring-Opening Reactions.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 10 (March 2021): 3846–55. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c12088.Full Text
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Wang, Shu, Haley K. Beech, Brandon H. Bowser, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Bradley D. Olsen, Michael Rubinstein, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanism Dictates Mechanics: A Molecular Substituent Effect in the Macroscopic Fracture of a Covalent Polymer Network.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 10 (March 2021): 3714–18. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c00265.Full Text
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Razgoniaev, Anton O., Logan M. Glasstetter, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Kacey C. Hall, Matias Horst, Stephen L. Craig, and Katherine J. Franz. “Single-Molecule Activation and Quantification of Mechanically Triggered Palladium-Carbene Bond Dissociation.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 4 (February 2021): 1784–89. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c13219.Full Text
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Ghanem, M. A., A. Basu, R. Behrou, N. Boechler, A. J. Boydston, S. L. Craig, Y. Lin, et al. “The role of polymer mechanochemistry in responsive materials and additive manufacturing.” Nature Reviews Materials 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00249-w.Full Text
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Shannahan, Logan S., Yangju Lin, James F. Berry, Meredith H. Barbee, Müge Fermen-Coker, and Stephen L. Craig. “Onset of Mechanochromic Response in the High Strain Rate Uniaxial Compression of Spiropyran Embedded Silicone Elastomers.” Macromolecular Rapid Communications 42, no. 1 (January 2021): e2000449. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202000449.Full Text
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Zhang, Yudi, Ethen Lund, Gregory R. Gossweiler, Bobin Lee, Zhenbin Niu, Constantine Khripin, Etienne Munch, Marc Couty, and Stephen L. Craig. “Molecular Damage Detection in an Elastomer Nanocomposite with a Coumarin Dimer Mechanophore.” Macromolecular Rapid Communications 42, no. 1 (January 2021): e2000359. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202000359.Full Text
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Zhang, Yudi, Zi Wang, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Ye Sha, Enhua Xu, Logan Shannahan, Muge Fermen-Coker, Yangju Lin, Chuanbing Tang, and Stephen L. Craig. “Distal conformational locks on ferrocene mechanophores guide reaction pathways for increased mechanochemical reactivity.” Nature Chemistry 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-020-00600-2.Full Text
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Wang, Liqi, Yichen Yu, Anton O. Razgoniaev, Patricia N. Johnson, Chenxu Wang, Yancong Tian, Roman Boulatov, Stephen L. Craig, and Ross A. Widenhoefer. “Mechanochemical Regulation of Oxidative Addition to a Palladium(0) Bisphosphine Complex.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, no. 41 (October 2020): 17714–20. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c08506.Full Text
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Lin, Yangju, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Chia-Chih Chang, and Stephen L. Craig. “Enhanced polymer mechanical degradation through mechanochemically unveiled lactonization.” Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (October 2020): 4987. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18809-7.Full Text
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Lin, Yangju, and Stephen L. Craig. “Oxidative regulation of the mechanical strength of a C-S bond.” Chemical Science 11, no. 38 (September 2020): 10444–48. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0sc04381h.Full Text
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Lin, Yangju, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanically Gated Degradable Polymers.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, no. 5 (February 2020): 2105–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13359.Full Text
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Oldenhuis, Nathan J., K Peter Qin, Shu Wang, Hong-Zhou Ye, Eric A. Alt, Adam P. Willard, Troy Van Voorhis, Stephen L. Craig, and Jeremiah A. Johnson. “Photoswitchable Sol-Gel Transitions and Catalysis Mediated by Polymer Networks with Coumarin-Decorated Cu24 L24 Metal-Organic Cages as Junctions.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 59, no. 7 (February 2020): 2784–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201913297.Full Text
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Lin, Yangju, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, and Stephen L. Craig. “A Latent Mechanoacid for Time-Stamped Mechanochromism and Chemical Signaling in Polymeric Materials.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1021/mcs.9b12861.Full Text Link to Item
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Lin, Yangju, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, and Stephen L. Craig. “A Latent Mechanoacid for Time-Stamped Mechanochromism and Chemical Signaling in Polymeric Materials.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, no. 1 (January 2020): 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b12861.Full Text
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Bowser, B. H., and S. L. Craig. “Correction: Empowering mechanochemistry with multi-mechanophore polymer architectures (Polymer Chemistry (2018) 9 (3583-3593) DOI: 10.1039/C8PY00720A).” Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 47 (December 21, 2019): 6523. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9py90180a.Full Text
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Rohde, R. C., A. Basu, L. B. Okello, M. H. Barbee, Y. Zhang, O. D. Velev, A. Nelson, and S. L. Craig. “Mechanochromic composite elastomers for additive manufacturing and low strain mechanophore activation.” Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 44 (November 28, 2019): 5985–91. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9py01053j.Full Text
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Bowser, B. H., C. H. Ho, and S. L. Craig. “High Mechanophore Content, Stress-Relieving Copolymers Synthesized via RAFT Polymerization.” Macromolecules 52, no. 22 (November 26, 2019): 9032–38. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01792.Full Text
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Lin, Yangju, Heather R. Hansen, William J. Brittain, and Stephen L. Craig. “Strain-Dependent Kinetics in the Cis-to-Trans Isomerization of Azobenzene in Bulk Elastomers.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B 123, no. 40 (October 2019): 8492–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07088.Full Text
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Wang, Zi, and Stephen L. Craig. “Stereochemical effects on the mechanochemical scission of furan-maleimide Diels-Alder adducts.” Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England) 55, no. 81 (October 2019): 12263–66. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc06361g.Full Text
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Lin, Tzyy-Shyang, Connor W. Coley, Hidenobu Mochigase, Haley K. Beech, Wencong Wang, Zi Wang, Eliot Woods, et al. “BigSMILES: A Structurally-Based Line Notation for Describing Macromolecules.” Acs Central Science 5, no. 9 (September 2019): 1523–31. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00476.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Barbee, M. H., J. Wang, T. Kouznetsova, M. Lu, and S. L. Craig. “Mechanochemical Ring-Opening of Allylic Epoxides.” Macromolecules 52, no. 16 (August 27, 2019): 6234–40. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01190.Full Text
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Lin, Yangju, Yudi Zhang, Zi Wang, and Stephen L. Craig. “Dynamic Memory Effects in the Mechanochemistry of Cyclic Polymers.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, no. 28 (July 2019): 10943–47. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b03564.Full Text
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Park, Jonghwa, Youngoh Lee, Meredith H. Barbee, Soowon Cho, Seungse Cho, Ravi Shanker, Jinyoung Kim, et al. “A Hierarchical Nanoparticle-in-Micropore Architecture for Enhanced Mechanosensitivity and Stretchability in Mechanochromic Electronic Skins.” Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 31, no. 25 (June 2019): e1808148. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201808148.Full Text
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Sha, Ye, Yudi Zhang, Enhua Xu, C Wayne McAlister, Tianyu Zhu, Stephen L. Craig, and Chuanbing Tang. “Generalizing metallocene mechanochemistry to ruthenocene mechanophores.” Chemical Science 10, no. 19 (May 2019): 4959–65. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9sc01347d.Full Text
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Wang, S., S. Panyukov, M. Rubinstein, and S. L. Craig. “Quantitative Adjustment to the Molecular Energy Parameter in the Lake-Thomas Theory of Polymer Fracture Energy.” Macromolecules 52, no. 7 (April 9, 2019): 2772–77. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02341.Full Text
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Lin, Y., C. C. Chang, and S. L. Craig. “Mechanical generation of isocyanate by mechanically induced retro [2 + 2] cycloaddition of a 1,2-diazetidinone mechanophore.” Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 7 (April 7, 2019): 1052–57. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00262f.Full Text
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Craig, Stephen. “Hydrogels muscle their way into new territory.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 363, no. 6426 (February 2019): 451–52. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw2242.Full Text
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Xia, Zhiyong, Vanessa D. Alphonse, Doug B. Trigg, Tim P. Harrigan, Jeff M. Paulson, Quang T. Luong, Evan P. Lloyd, Meredith H. Barbee, and Stephen L. Craig. “'Seeing' Strain in Soft Materials.” Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 24, no. 3 (February 2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030542.Full Text
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Sha, Y., Y. Zhang, T. Zhu, S. Tan, Y. Cha, S. L. Craig, and C. Tang. “Ring-Closing Metathesis and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization toward Main-Chain Ferrocene-Containing Polymers.” Macromolecules 51, no. 22 (November 27, 2018): 9131–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02064.Full Text
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Lin, Yangju, Meredith H. Barbee, Chia-Chih Chang, and Stephen L. Craig. “Regiochemical Effects on Mechanophore Activation in Bulk Materials.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, no. 46 (November 2018): 15969–75. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b10376.Full Text
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Sha, Ye, Yudi Zhang, Enhua Xu, Zi Wang, Tianyu Zhu, Stephen L. Craig, and Chuanbing Tang. “Quantitative and Mechanistic Mechanochemistry in Ferrocene Dissociation.” Acs Macro Letters 7, no. 10 (October 2018): 1174–79. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00625.Full Text
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Barbee, Meredith H., Tatiana Kouznetsova, Scott L. Barrett, Gregory R. Gossweiler, Yangju Lin, Shiva K. Rastogi, William J. Brittain, and Stephen L. Craig. “Substituent Effects and Mechanism in a Mechanochemical Reaction.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, no. 40 (October 2018): 12746–50. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b09263.Full Text
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Barbee, Meredith H., Kunal Mondal, John Z. Deng, Vivek Bharambe, Taylor V. Neumann, Jacob J. Adams, Nicholas Boechler, Michael D. Dickey, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanochromic Stretchable Electronics.” Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 35 (September 2018): 29918–24. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b09130.Full Text
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Bowser, B. H., and S. L. Craig. “Empowering mechanochemistry with multi-mechanophore polymer architectures.” Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 26 (July 14, 2018): 3583–93. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8py00720a.Full Text
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Bogris, A., J. Wang, M. Anyfantakis, B. Loppinet, S. L. Craig, H. -. J. Butt, and G. Fytas. “Solvent-Dependent Light-Induced Structures in Gem-Dichlorocyclopropanated Polybutadiene Solutions.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B 122, no. 27 (July 2018): 6995–7001. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02463.Full Text
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Fritze, U. F., S. L. Craig, and M. von Delius. “Disulfide-centered poly(methyl acrylates): Four different stimuli to cleave a polymer.” Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 56, no. 13 (July 1, 2018): 1404–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.29021.Full Text
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Brown, C. L., M. H. Barbee, J. H. Ko, H. D. Maynard, and S. L. Craig. “Writing Without Ink: A Mechanically and Photochemically Responsive PDMS Polymer for Science Outreach.” Journal of Chemical Education 94, no. 11 (November 14, 2017): 1752–55. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00806.Full Text
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Craig, Stephen L. “Polymer mechanochemistry: Up another rung.” Nature Chemistry 9, no. 12 (November 2017): 1154–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2902.Full Text
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Kouznetsova, Tatiana B., Junpeng Wang, and Stephen L. Craig. “Combined Constant-Force and Constant-Velocity Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy of the Conrotatory Ring Opening Reaction of Benzocyclobutene.” Chemphyschem : A European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry 18, no. 11 (June 2017): 1486–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201600463.Full Text
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Cho, Seungse, Saewon Kang, Ashish Pandya, Ravi Shanker, Ziyauddin Khan, Youngsu Lee, Jonghwa Park, Stephen L. Craig, and Hyunhyub Ko. “Large-Area Cross-Aligned Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Flexible, Transparent, and Force-Sensitive Mechanochromic Touch Screens.” Acs Nano 11, no. 4 (April 2017): 4346–57. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b01714.Full Text
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Clough, J. M., C. Creton, S. L. Craig, and R. P. Sijbesma. “Covalent Bond Scission in the Mullins Effect of a Filled Elastomer: Real-Time Visualization with Mechanoluminescence.” Advanced Functional Materials 26, no. 48 (December 27, 2016): 9063–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201602490.Full Text
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Wang, Junpeng, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Roman Boulatov, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanical gating of a mechanochemical reaction cascade.” Nature Communications 7 (November 2016): 13433. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13433.Full Text
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Lee, Bobin, Zhenbin Niu, and Stephen L. Craig. “The Mechanical Strength of a Mechanical Bond: Sonochemical Polymer Mechanochemistry of Poly(catenane) Copolymers.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 55, no. 42 (October 2016): 13086–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201606893.Full Text
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Wang, Junpeng, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, and Stephen L. Craig. “Single-Molecule Observation of a Mechanically Activated Cis-to-Trans Cyclopropane Isomerization.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 138, no. 33 (August 2016): 10410–12. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b06452.Full Text
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Li, Y., Z. Niu, J. Burdyńska, A. Nese, Y. Zhou, Z. S. Kean, A. V. Dobrynin, K. Matyjaszewski, S. L. Craig, and S. S. Sheiko. “Sonication-induced scission of molecular bottlebrushes: Implications of the "hairy" architecture.” Polymer 84 (February 10, 2016): 178–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.12.044.Full Text
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Wang, Junpeng, Mitchell T. Ong, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Todd J. Martínez, and Stephen L. Craig. “Catch and Release: Orbital Symmetry Guided Reaction Dynamics from a Freed "Tension Trapped Transition State".” The Journal of Organic Chemistry 80, no. 23 (December 2015): 11773–78. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5b01493.Full Text
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Wang, Junpeng, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Zhenbin Niu, Arnold L. Rheingold, and Stephen L. Craig. “Accelerating a Mechanically Driven anti-Woodward-Hoffmann Ring Opening with a Polymer Lever Arm Effect.” The Journal of Organic Chemistry 80, no. 23 (December 2015): 11895–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5b01465.Full Text
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Gossweiler, Gregory R., Cameron L. Brown, Gihan B. Hewage, Eitan Sapiro-Gheiler, William J. Trautman, Garrett W. Welshofer, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanochemically Active Soft Robots.” Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 40 (October 2015): 22431–35. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b06440.Full Text
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Lenhardt, J. M., A. L. Black Ramirez, B. Lee, T. B. Kouznetsova, and S. L. Craig. “Mechanistic Insights into the Sonochemical Activation of Multimechanophore Cyclopropanated Polybutadiene Polymers.” Macromolecules 48, no. 18 (September 22, 2015): 6396–6403. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01677.Full Text
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Wang, Junpeng, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, and Stephen L. Craig. “Reactivity and Mechanism of a Mechanically Activated anti-Woodward-Hoffmann-DePuy Reaction.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 137, no. 36 (September 2015): 11554–57. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b06168.Full Text
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Peterson, G. I., M. Yurtoglu, M. B. Larsen, S. L. Craig, M. A. Ganter, D. W. Storti, and A. J. Boydston. “Additive manufacturing of mechanochromic polycaprolactone on entry-level systems.” Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 5 (August 17, 2015): 520–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-09-2014-0115.Full Text
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Lee, Bobin, Zhenbin Niu, Junpeng Wang, Carla Slebodnick, and Stephen L. Craig. “Relative Mechanical Strengths of Weak Bonds in Sonochemical Polymer Mechanochemistry.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 137, no. 33 (August 2015): 10826–32. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b06937.Full Text
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Wang, Junpeng, Ilya Piskun, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanochemical Strengthening of a Multi-mechanophore Benzocyclobutene Polymer.” Acs Macro Letters 4, no. 8 (August 2015): 834–37. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00440.Full Text
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Wang, Q., G. R. Gossweiler, S. L. Craig, and X. Zhao. “Mechanics of mechanochemically responsive elastomers.” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 82 (July 25, 2015): 320–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2015.05.007.Full Text
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Kean, Zachary S., Gregory R. Gossweiler, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Gihan B. Hewage, and Stephen L. Craig. “A coumarin dimer probe of mechanochemical scission efficiency in the sonochemical activation of chain-centered mechanophore polymers.” Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England) 51, no. 44 (June 2015): 9157–60. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01836f.Full Text
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Gossweiler, Gregory R., Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, and Stephen L. Craig. “Force-rate characterization of two spiropyran-based molecular force probes.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 137, no. 19 (May 2015): 6148–51. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b02492.Full Text
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Wang, Junpeng, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Zhenbin Niu, Mitchell T. Ong, Hope M. Klukovich, Arnold L. Rheingold, Todd J. Martinez, and Stephen L. Craig. “Inducing and quantifying forbidden reactivity with single-molecule polymer mechanochemistry.” Nature Chemistry 7, no. 4 (April 2015): 323–27. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2185.Full Text
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Brown, Cameron L., and Stephen L. Craig. “Molecular engineering of mechanophore activity for stress-responsive polymeric materials.” Chemical Science 6, no. 4 (April 2015): 2158–65. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4sc01945h.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Brochu, Alice B. W., Oriane B. Matthys, Stephen L. Craig, and William M. Reichert. “Extended fatigue life of a catalyst free self-healing acrylic bone cement using microencapsulated 2-octyl cyanoacrylate.” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials 103, no. 2 (February 2015): 305–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33199.Full Text
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Kean, Zachary S., Sergey Akbulatov, Yancong Tian, Ross A. Widenhoefer, Roman Boulatov, and Stephen L. Craig. “Photomechanical actuation of ligand geometry in enantioselective catalysis.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 53, no. 52 (December 2014): 14508–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201407494.Full Text
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Wang, Junpeng, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Zachary S. Kean, Lin Fan, Brendan D. Mar, Todd J. Martínez, and Stephen L. Craig. “A remote stereochemical lever arm effect in polymer mechanochemistry.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, no. 43 (October 2014): 15162–65. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja509585g.Full Text
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Kean, Zachary S., Jennifer L. Hawk, Shaoting Lin, Xuanhe Zhao, Rint P. Sijbesma, and Stephen L. Craig. “Increasing the maximum achievable strain of a covalent polymer gel through the addition of mechanically invisible cross-links.” Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 26, no. 34 (September 2014): 6013–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201401570.Full Text
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Jeong, Claire G., Aubrey T. Francisco, Zhenbin Niu, Robert L. Mancino, Stephen L. Craig, and Lori A. Setton. “Screening of hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) composite hydrogels to support intervertebral disc cell biosynthesis using artificial neural network analysis.” Acta Biomaterialia 10, no. 8 (August 2014): 3421–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.012.Full Text
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Gossweiler, Gregory R., Gihan B. Hewage, Gerardo Soriano, Qiming Wang, Garrett W. Welshofer, Xuanhe Zhao, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanochemical Activation of Covalent Bonds in Polymers with Full and Repeatable Macroscopic Shape Recovery.” Acs Macro Letters 3, no. 3 (March 2014): 216–19. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz500031q.Full Text
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Ramirez, AL Black, A. K. Schmitt, M. K. Mahanthappa, and S. L. Craig. “Enhancing covalent mechanochemistry in bulk polymers using electrospun ABA triblock copolymers.” Faraday Discussions 170 (January 2014): 337–44. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00001c.Full Text
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Wang, Qiming, Gregory R. Gossweiler, Stephen L. Craig, and Xuanhe Zhao. “Cephalopod-inspired design of electro-mechano-chemically responsive elastomers for on-demand fluorescent patterning.” Nature Communications 5 (January 2014): 4899. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5899.Full Text
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Kean, Zachary S., Zhenbin Niu, Gihan B. Hewage, Arnold L. Rheingold, and Stephen L. Craig. “Stress-responsive polymers containing cyclobutane core mechanophores: reactivity and mechanistic insights.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 135, no. 36 (September 2013): 13598–604. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4075997.Full Text
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Ramirez, Ashley L Black, Zachary S. Kean, Joshua A. Orlicki, Mangesh Champhekar, Sarah M. Elsakr, Wendy E. Krause, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanochemical strengthening of a synthetic polymer in response to typically destructive shear forces.” Nature Chemistry 5, no. 9 (September 2013): 757–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1720.Full Text
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Klukovich, Hope M., Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Zachary S. Kean, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, and Stephen L. Craig. “A backbone lever-arm effect enhances polymer mechanochemistry.” Nature Chemistry 5, no. 2 (February 2013): 110–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1540.Full Text
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Francisco, A. T., R. J. Mancino, C. G. Jeong, I. O. Karikari, R. D. Bowles, S. L. Craig, and L. A. Setton. “Injectable and photocrosslinkable laminin functionalized biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration.” Asme 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Sbc 2012, December 1, 2012, 1145–46. https://doi.org/10.1115/SBC2012-80660.Full Text
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Kean, Zachary S., Ashley L. Black Ramirez, and Stephen L. Craig. “High Mechanophore Content Polyester-Acrylate ABA Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Sonochemical Activation.” Journal of Polymer Science. Part B, Polymer Physics 50, no. 17 (September 2012): 3481–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.26148.Full Text
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Kean, Zachary S., Ashley L. Black Ramirez, Yufan Yan, and Stephen L. Craig. “Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane mechanophores for the non-scissile and photochemically reversible generation of reactive bis-enones.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, no. 31 (August 2012): 12939–42. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja3063666.Full Text
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Xu, Donghua, Daisuke Asai, Ashutosh Chilkoti, and Stephen L. Craig. “Rheological properties of cysteine-containing elastin-like polypeptide solutions and hydrogels.” Biomacromolecules 13, no. 8 (August 2012): 2315–21. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm300760s.Full Text
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Asai, Daisuke, Donghua Xu, Wenge Liu, Felipe Garcia Quiroz, Daniel J. Callahan, Michael R. Zalutsky, Stephen L. Craig, and Ashutosh Chilkoti. “Protein polymer hydrogels by in situ, rapid and reversible self-gelation.” Biomaterials 33, no. 21 (July 2012): 5451–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.083.Full Text Link to Item
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Craig, Stephen L. “Mechanochemistry: A tour of force.” Nature 487, no. 7406 (July 2012): 176–77. https://doi.org/10.1038/487176a.Full Text
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Klukovich, Hope M., Zachary S. Kean, Ashley L. Black Ramirez, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Jiaxing Lin, Xiangqian Hu, and Stephen L. Craig. “Tension trapping of carbonyl ylides facilitated by a change in polymer backbone.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, no. 23 (June 2012): 9577–80. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja302996n.Full Text
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Kean, Z. S., and S. L. Craig. “Mechanochemical remodeling of synthetic polymers.” Polymer 53, no. 5 (February 28, 2012): 1035–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2012.01.018.Full Text
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Asai, D., D. Xu, W. Liu, F. G. Quiroz, D. J. Callahan, M. R. Zalutsky, S. L. Craig, and A. Chilkoti. “‘Smart’ protein polymer hydrogels by in situ, rapid and reversible self-gelation.” Biomaterials 33 (2012): 5451–58.Link to Item
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Black Ramirez, Ashley L., James W. Ogle, Andrew L. Schmitt, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Matthew P. Cashion, Mahesh K. Mahanthappa, and Stephen L. Craig. “Microstructure of Copolymers Formed by the Reagentless, Mechanochemical Remodeling of Homopolymers via Pulsed Ultrasound.” Acs Macro Letters 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz200005u.Full Text
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Klukovich, Hope M., Zachary S. Kean, Scott T. Iacono, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanically induced scission and subsequent thermal remending of perfluorocyclobutane polymers.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 44 (November 2011): 17882–88. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja2074517.Full Text
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Balaeff, Alexander, Stephen L. Craig, and David N. Beratan. “B-DNA to zip-DNA: simulating a DNA transition to a novel structure with enhanced charge-transport characteristics.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A 115, no. 34 (September 2011): 9377–91. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp110871g.Full Text
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Xu, Donghua, and Stephen L. Craig. “Strain Hardening and Strain Softening of Reversibly Cross-linked Supramolecular Polymer Networks.” Macromolecules 44, no. 18 (September 2011): 7478–88. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma201386t.Full Text
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Gao, W., D. Xu, D. W. Lim, S. L. Craig, and A. Chilkoti. “In situ growth of a thermoresponsive polymer from a genetically engineered elastin-like polypeptide.” Polymer Chemistry 2, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 1561–66. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1py00074h.Full Text
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Black, A. L., J. A. Orlicki, and S. L. Craig. “Mechanochemically triggered bond formation in solid-state polymers.” Journal of Materials Chemistry 21, no. 23 (June 21, 2011): 8460–65. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm03875j.Full Text
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Lenhardt, Jeremy M., James W. Ogle, Mitchell T. Ong, Robert Choe, Todd J. Martinez, and Stephen L. Craig. “Reactive cross-talk between adjacent tension-trapped transition states.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 10 (March 2011): 3222–25. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja107645c.Full Text
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Black, A. L., J. M. Lenhardt, and S. L. Craig. “From molecular mechanochemistry to stress-responsive materials.” Journal of Materials Chemistry 21, no. 6 (February 14, 2011): 1655–63. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm02636k.Full Text
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Brochu, Alice B. W., Stephen L. Craig, and William M. Reichert. “Self-healing biomaterials.” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A 96, no. 2 (February 2011): 492–506. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32987.Full Text
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Xu, D., C. Y. Liu, and S. L. Craig. “Divergent Shear Thinning and Shear Thickening Behavior of Supramolecular Polymer Networks in Semidilute Entangled Polymer Solutions.” Macromolecules 44, no. 7 (2011): 2343–53.Link to Item
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Xu, Donghua, and Stephen L. Craig. “Scaling Laws in Supramolecular Polymer Networks.” Macromolecules 44, no. 13 (January 2011): 5465–72. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma200096s.Full Text
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Lenhardt, J. M., A. L. Black, B. A. Beiermann, B. Steinberg, F. Rahman, T. Samborski, J. Elsakr, J. S. Moore, N. R. Sottos, and S. L. Craig. “Characterizing the Mechanochemically Active Domains in gem-Dihalocyclopropanated Polybutadiene under Compression and Tension.” J. Mater. Chem., no. 21 (2011): 8454–59.Link to Item
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Wu, Dong, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Ashley L. Black, Boris B. Akhremitchev, and Stephen L. Craig. “Molecular stress relief through a force-induced irreversible extension in polymer contour length.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 132, no. 45 (November 2010): 15936–38. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja108429h.Full Text
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Lenhardt, Jeremy M., Mitchell T. Ong, Robert Choe, Christian R. Evenhuis, Todd J. Martinez, and Stephen L. Craig. “Trapping a diradical transition state by mechanochemical polymer extension.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 329, no. 5995 (August 2010): 1057–60. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1193412.Full Text
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Xu, Donghua, and Stephen L. Craig. “Multiple Dynamic Processes Contribute to the Complex Steady Shear Behavior of Cross-Linked Supramolecular Networks of Semidilute Entangled Polymer Solutions.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 1, no. 11 (June 2010): 1683–86. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz1004818.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Serpe, M. J., J. R. Whitehead, and S. L. Craig. “Breaking down the supramolecular ensemble: Single-molecule studies of the concentration dependence of main-chain supramolecular polymer molecular weight distributions on surfaces.” Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 4 (April 19, 2010): 624–26. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH09615.Full Text
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Xu, Donghua, Jennifer L. Hawk, David M. Loveless, Sung Lan Jeon, and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanism of Shear Thickening in Reversibly Cross-linked Supramolecular Polymer Networks.” Macromolecules 43, no. 7 (April 2010): 3556–65. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma100093b.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Achneck, Hardean E., Michael J. Serpe, Ryan M. Jamiolkowski, Leslie M. Eibest, Stephen L. Craig, and Jeffrey H. Lawson. “Regenerating titanium ventricular assist device surfaces after gold/palladium coating for scanning electron microscopy.” Microsc Res Tech 73, no. 1 (January 2010): 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20757.Full Text Link to Item
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Jeon, S. L., D. M. Loveless, and S. L. Craig. “Main-Chain Dynamics in Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers: From Solution to Elastomeric Fibers.” Supramol. Chem. 22, no. 11/12 (2010): 697–703.Link to Item
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Juwarker, Hemraj, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, José C. Castillo, Emily Zhao, Sibi Krishnamurthy, Ryan M. Jamiolkowski, Ki-Hyon Kim, and Stephen L. Craig. “Anion binding of short, flexible aryl triazole oligomers.” The Journal of Organic Chemistry 74, no. 23 (December 2009): 8924–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo901966f.Full Text
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Chen, Xin, Colleen K. Regan, Stephen L. Craig, Elizabeth H. Krenske, K. N. Houk, William L. Jorgensen, and John I. Brauman. “Steric and solvation effects in ionic S(N)2 reactions.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, no. 44 (November 2009): 16162–70. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9053459.Full Text
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Lenhardt, Jeremy M., Ashley L. Black, and Stephen L. Craig. “gem-Dichlorocyclopropanes as abundant and efficient mechanophores in polybutadiene copolymers under mechanical stress.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, no. 31 (August 2009): 10818–19. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9036548.Full Text
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Serpe, Michael J., Jason R. Whitehead, Monica Rivera, Robert L. Clark, and Stephen L. Craig. “Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy of DNA-Based Reversible Polymer Bridges: Surface Robustness and Homogeneity.” Colloids and Surfaces. A, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 346, no. 1–3 (August 2009): 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.05.019.Full Text
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Lenhardt, Jeremy M., and Stephen L. Craig. “Mechanochemistry: Force probes in a bottle.” Nature Nanotechnology 4, no. 5 (May 2009): 284–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.100.Full Text
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Ams, M., D. Ajami, S. L. Craig, J. S. Yang, and J. Rebek Jr. “Too Small, Too Big, and Just Right – Optical Sensing of Molecular Conformations in Self-assembled Capsules.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (2009): 13190–91.Link to Item
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Craig, Stephen L. “From ionic liquids to supramolecular polymers.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 48, no. 15 (January 2009): 2645–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200805603.Full Text
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Lenhardt, J. M., and S. L. Craig. “Force Probes in a Bottle.” Nature Nanotech. 4 (2009): 284–85.Link to Item
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Ams, M., D. Ajami, S. L. Craig, J. S. Yang, and J. Rebek Jr. “Control of Stilbene Conformation and Fluorescence in Self-assembled Capsules.” Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 5, no. 79 (2009): doi:10.3762/bjojc.5.79. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjojc.5.79.Full Text Link to Item
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Serpe, Michael J., Farrell R. Kersey, Jason R. Whitehead, Scott M. Wilson, Robert L. Clark, and Stephen L. Craig. “A Simple and Practical Spreadsheet-Based Method to Extract Single-Molecule Dissociation Kinetics from Variable Loading-Rate Force Spectroscopy Data.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces 112, no. 49 (December 2008): 19163–67. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp806649a.Full Text
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Serpe, Michael J., Monica Rivera, Farrell R. Kersey, Robert L. Clark, and Stephen L. Craig. “Time and distance dependence of reversible polymer bridging followed by single-molecule force spectroscopy.” Langmuir : The Acs Journal of Surfaces and Colloids 24, no. 9 (May 2008): 4738–42. https://doi.org/10.1021/la703418w.Full Text
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Craig, Stephen L. “Cool as a cucumber.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 47, no. 46 (January 2008): 8776–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200802334.Full Text
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Juwarker, Hemraj, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, David M. Pham, and Stephen L. Craig. “1,2,3-Triazole CH...Cl(-) contacts guide anion binding and concomitant folding in 1,4-diaryl triazole oligomers.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 47, no. 20 (January 2008): 3740–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200800548.Full Text
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Kersey, Farrell R., David M. Loveless, and Stephen L. Craig. “A hybrid polymer gel with controlled rates of cross-link rupture and self-repair.” Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 4, no. 13 (April 2007): 373–80. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0187.Full Text
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Serpe, Michael J., and Stephen L. Craig. “Physical organic chemistry of supramolecular polymers.” Langmuir : The Acs Journal of Surfaces and Colloids 23, no. 4 (February 2007): 1626–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0621416.Full Text
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Xu, Jun, and Stephen L. Craig. “Influence of the extent of hybridization on the hydrodynamic radius of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles.” Langmuir : The Acs Journal of Surfaces and Colloids 23, no. 4 (February 2007): 2015–20. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0622830.Full Text
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Loveless, D. M., S. L. Jeon, and S. L. Craig. “Chemoresponsive viscosity switching of a metallo-supramolecular polymer network near the percolation threshold.” Journal of Materials Chemistry 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1039/b614026b.Full Text
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Jeon, Sung Lan, David M. Loveless, Wayne C. Yount, and Stephen L. Craig. “Thermodynamics of pyridine coordination in 1,4-phenylene bridged bimetallic (Pd, Pt) complexes containing two N,C,N' motifs, 1,4-M2-[C6(CH2NR2)4-2,3,5,6].” Inorganic Chemistry 45, no. 26 (December 2006): 11060–68. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic061188b.Full Text
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Loveless, David M., Nehal I. Abu-Lail, Marian Kaholek, Stefan Zauscher, and Stephen L. Craig. “Reversibly cross-linked surface-grafted polymer brushes.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 45, no. 46 (November 2006): 7812–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200602508.Full Text
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Kersey, Farrell R., Wayne C. Yount, and Stephen L. Craig. “Single-molecule force spectroscopy of bimolecular reactions: system homology in the mechanical activation of ligand substitution reactions.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 12 (March 2006): 3886–87. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja058516b.Full Text
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Loveless, D. M., S. L. Jeon, and S. L. Craig. “Rational control of viscoelastic properties in multicomponent associative polymer networks.” Macromolecules 38, no. 24 (November 29, 2005): 10171–77. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0518611.Full Text
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Yount, Wayne C., David M. Loveless, and Stephen L. Craig. “Small-molecule dynamics and mechanisms underlying the macroscopic mechanical properties of coordinatively cross-linked polymer networks.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 41 (October 2005): 14488–96. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja054298a.Full Text
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Xu, Jun, and Stephen L. Craig. “Thermodynamics of DNA hybridization on gold nanoparticles.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 38 (September 2005): 13227–31. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja052352h.Full Text
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Yount, Wayne C., David M. Loveless, and Stephen L. Craig. “Strong means slow: dynamic contributions to the bulk mechanical properties of supramolecular networks.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 44, no. 18 (April 2005): 2746–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200500026.Full Text
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Kim, Jeonghan, Yan Liu, Sang Jung Ahn, Stefan Zauscher, Joel M. Karty, Yvonne Yamanaka, and Stephen L. Craig. “Self-assembly and properties of main-chain reversible polymer brushes.” Advanced Materials 17, no. 14 (2005): 1749–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401355.Full Text Link to Item
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Hyun, Jinho, Jeonghan Kim, Stephen L. Craig, and Ashutosh Chilkoti. “Enzymatic nanolithography of a self-assembled oligonucleotide monolayer on gold.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, no. 15 (April 2004): 4770–71. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja049956q.Full Text
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Xu, J., E. A. Fogleman, and S. L. Craig. “Structure and Properties of DNA-Based Reversible Polymers.” Macromolecules 37, no. 5 (March 9, 2004): 1863–70. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma035546v.Full Text
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Kersey, Farrell R., Gwangrog Lee, Piotr Marszalek, and Stephen L. Craig. “Surface-to-surface bridges formed by reversibly assembled polymers.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, no. 10 (March 2004): 3038–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0499501.Full Text
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Liu, Y., J. Xu, and S. L. Craig. “Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Noncovalent Amphiphiles.” Chem. Comm., no. 16 (2004): 1864–65.
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Yount, Wayne C., Hemraj Juwarker, and Stephen L. Craig. “Orthogonal control of dissociation dynamics relative to thermodynamics in a main-chain reversible polymer.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, no. 50 (December 2003): 15302–3. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja036709y.Full Text
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Fogleman, E. A., W. C. Yount, J. Xu, and S. L. Craig. “Modular, well-behaved reversible polymers from DNA-based monomers.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 41, no. 21 (November 4, 2002): 4026–28.
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Fogleman, Elizabeth A., Wayne C. Yount, Jun Xu, and Stephen L. Craig. “Modular, well-behaved reversible polymers from DNA-based monomers.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 41, no. 21 (November 2002): 4026–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20021104)41:21<4026::aid-anie4026>3.0.co;2-e.Full Text
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Craig, Stephen L., Shirley Lin, Jian Chen, and Julius Rebek. “An NMR study of the rates of single-molecule exchange in a cylindrical host capsule.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, no. 30 (July 2002): 8780–81. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja025672z.Full Text
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Hof, Fraser, Stephen L. Craig, Colin Nuckolls, and Julius Rebek. “Molecular encapsulation.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 41, no. 9 (May 2002): 1488–1508. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20020503)41:9<1488::aid-anie1488>3.0.co;2-g.Full Text
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Chen, Jian, Steffi Körner, Stephen L. Craig, Shirley Lin, Dmitry M. Rudkevich, and Julius Rebek. “Chemical amplification with encapsulated reagents.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99, no. 5 (March 2002): 2593–96. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.052706499.Full Text
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Regan, Colleen K., Stephen L. Craig, and John I. Brauman. “Steric effects and solvent effects in ionic reactions.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 295, no. 5563 (March 2002): 2245–47. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1068849.Full Text
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Chen, Jian, Steffi Körner, Stephen L. Craig, Dmitry M. Rudkevich, and Julius Rebek. “Amplification by compartmentalization.” Nature 415, no. 6870 (January 2002): 385–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/415385b.Full Text
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Fogleman, E. A., V. R. Kempf, and S. L. Craig. “Characterization of reversible polymerization utilizing DNA base pairing.” American Chemical Society, Polymer Preprints, Division of Polymer Chemistry 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 568–69.
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Hof, F., C. Nuckolls, S. L. Craig, T. Martin, and J. Rebek. “Emergent conformational preferences of a self-assembling small molecule: Structure and dynamics in a tetrameric capsule.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 122, no. 44 (November 8, 2000): 10991–96. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja002340q.Full Text
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Castellano, R. K., R. Clark, S. L. Craig, C. Nuckolls, and J. Rebek. “Emergent mechanical properties of self-assembled polymeric capsules.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97, no. 23 (November 2000): 12418–21. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.23.12418.Full Text
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Castellano, R. K., S. L. Craig, C. Nuckolls, and J. Rebek. “Detection and mechanistic studies of multicomponent assembly by fluorescence resonance energy transfer.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 122, no. 33 (August 23, 2000): 7876–82. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja994397m.Full Text
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Rivera, J., S. L. Craig, T. Martín, and J. Rebek Jr. “Chiral Guests and Their Ghosts in Reversibly Assembled Hosts.” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 12 (2000): 3986–88.
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Craig, S. L., M. Zhong, and J. I. Brauman. “Translational energy dependence and potential energy surfaces of gas phase S(N)2 and addition-elimination reactions.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 121, no. 50 (December 22, 1999): 11790–97. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja990556q.Full Text
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Craig, S. L., and J. I. Brauman. “Intramolecular microsolvation of S(N)2 transition states.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 121, no. 28 (July 21, 1999): 6690–99. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja983010x.Full Text
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Santamaría, J., T. Martín, G. Hilmersson, S. L. Craig, and J. Rebek. “Guest exchange in an encapsulation complex: a supramolecular substitution reaction.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96, no. 15 (July 1999): 8344–47. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.15.8344.Full Text
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Craig, S. L., M. Zhong, and J. I. Brauman. “Nonstatistical reactivity in a vibrationally excited S(N)2 intermediate [1].” Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, no. 46 (November 25, 1998): 12125–26. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja982253m.Full Text
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Chabinyc, M. L., S. L. Craig, C. K. Regan, and J. I. Brauman. “Gas-phase ionic reactions: dynamics and mechanism of nucleophilic displacements.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 279, no. 5358 (March 1998): 1882–86. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5358.1882.Full Text
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Craig, S. L., and J. I. Brauman. “Unimoleciilar dynamics in bimolecular ion-molecule reactions.” Berichte Der Bunsengesellschaft/Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 101, no. 3 (December 1, 1997): 510–15.
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Craig, S. L., and J. I. Brauman. “Phase-shifting acceleration of ions in an ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer: Kinetic energy distribution and reaction dynamics.” Journal of Physical Chemistry A 101, no. 26 (June 26, 1997): 4745–52. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp970602d.Full Text
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Craig, S. L., and J. I. Brauman. “Perturbed equilibria and statistical energy redistribution in a gas- phase S(N)2 reaction.” Science 276, no. 5318 (June 6, 1997): 1536–38. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5318.1536.Full Text
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Craig, S. L., M. Zhong, B. Choo, and J. I. Brauman. “Branching ratios in activated systems.” Journal of Physical Chemistry A 101, no. 1 (January 2, 1997): 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp961665j.Full Text
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Craig, S. L., and J. I. Brauman. “Intramolecular microsolvation of thermoneutral gas-phase S(N)2 reactions.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 118, no. 28 (July 17, 1996): 6786–87. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja953586b.Full Text
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Kropp, P. J., G. W. Breton, S. L. Craig, S. D. Crawford, W. F. Durland, J. E. Jones, and J. S. Raleigh. “Surface-Mediated Reactions. 6. Effects of Silica Gel and Alumina on Acid-Catalyzed Reactions.” Journal of Organic Chemistry 60, no. 13 (June 1, 1995): 4146–52. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00118a035.Full Text
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Craig, S. L., and A. J. Stone. “Stereoselectivity and regioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions studied by intermolecular perturbation theory.” Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 90, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 1663–68. https://doi.org/10.1039/FT9949001663.Full Text
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Viggiano, A. A., R. A. Morris, T. Su, B. D. Wladkowski, S. L. Craig, M. Zhong, and J. I. Brauman. “The SN2 Identity Exchange Reaction 37Cl-+ 35ClCH2CN →. 35Cl-+ 37ClCH2CN: Kinetic Energy and Temperature Dependence.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 2213–14. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a099.Full Text
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Viggiano, A. A., R. A. Morris, T. Su, B. D. Wladkowski, S. L. Craig, M. Zhong, and J. I. Brauman. “The SN2 identity exchange reaction 37Cl- + 35ClCH2CN → 35Cl- + 37ClCH2CN: Kinetic energy and temperature dependence.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, no. 5 (1994): 2213–14.
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Kropp, P. J., K. A. Daus, M. W. Tubergen, K. D. Kepler, V. P. Wilson, S. L. Craig, M. M. Baillargeon, and G. W. Breton. “Surface-Mediated Reactions. 3. Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 115, no. 8 (April 1, 1993): 3071–79. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00061a005.Full Text
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Kropp, P. J., K. A. Daus, S. D. Crawford, M. W. Tubergen, K. D. Kepler, S. L. Craig, and V. P. Wilson. “Surface-Mediated Reactions. 1. Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 112, no. 20 (January 1, 1990): 7433–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00176a075.Full Text
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Barbee, Meredith, Robert Carden, Julia Roberts, Cameron Brown, D. Canelas, and Stephen Craig. “A single reaction thread ties multiple core concepts in an introductory chemistry course.” Journal of Chemical Education, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00977.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Book Sections
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Hawk, J. L., and S. L. Craig. “Physical and materials applications of pincer complexes,” 40:319–52, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31081-2_11.Full Text
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Hawk, Jennifer L., and Stephen L. Craig. “Physical and Materials Applications of Pincer Complexes.” In Topics in Organometallic Chemistry, 319–52. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31081-2_11.Full Text
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Craig, S. L., and D. Xu. “Physical Organic Chemistry of Supramolecular Polymers.” In Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry, 269–91, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527639786.ch12.Full Text
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Loveless, D. M., F. R. Kersey, and S. L. Craig. “Supramolecular Control of Mechanical Properties in Single Molecules, Interfaces, and Macroscopic Materials.” In Molecular Recognition and Polymers: Control of Polymer Structure and Self-Assembly, 37–62, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470384053.ch3.Full Text
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Datasets
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Lin, Yangju, Stephen Craig, Chia-Chih Chang, and Tatiana Kouznetsova. “Data from: Enhanced polymer mechanical degradation through mechanochemically unveiled lactonization,” April 22, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7924/r49s1r065.Data Access
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Preprints
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Wang, Shu, Haley Beech, Brandon Bowser, Tatiana Kouznetsova, Bradley Olsen, Michael Rubinstein, and Stephen Craig. “Mechanism Dictates Mechanics: A Molecular Substituent Effect in the Macroscopic Fracture of a Covalent Polymer Network.” ChemRxiv, 2021. https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.13549745.v1.Full Text
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Yu, Yichen, Liqi Wang, Chenxu Wang, Yancong Tian, Roman Boulatov, Ross Widenhoefer, and Stephen Craig. “Force-Modulated Reductive Elimination from Platinum(II) Diaryl Complexes.” ChemRxiv, 2020. https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12977678.v1.Full Text
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- Teaching & Mentoring
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Recent Courses
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