Steven Sok Choi | Scholars@Duke

Steven Sok Choi
Associate Professor of Medicine

Hepatic stellate cell biology; Hepatic Fibrogenesis; Liver regeneration

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine 2021

Contact Information

Durham VA Medical Center, 508 Fulton Street, 111E, Gi Clinic, Durham, NC 27705
Durham VA Medical Center, 508 Fulton Street, 111E, Gi Clinic, Durham, NC 27705
(919) 286-6945

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Fellow in Gastroenterology, Medicine, Duke University 2004 - 2007
- Medical Resident, Medicine, Duke University 2001 - 2004
- M.B.B.S., Flinders University (Australia) 1999
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine 2017 - 2020
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine 2016 - 2017
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine 2008 - 2016
- Medical Instructor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine 2007 - 2008
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
- A systemically deliverable, RNAi-based approach for alcoholic liver disease awarded by Extend Biosciences 2014 - 2016
- Rac1 Promotes Hepatic Stellate Accumulation/Activation in Liver Injury awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2014
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Ronald, James, Erol Bozdogan, Islam H. Zaki, Matthew R. Kappus, Steven S. Choi, Jonathan G. Martin, Paul V. Suhocki, Tony P. Smith, Charles Y. Kim, and Mustafa R. Bashir. “Relative Sarcopenia With Excess Adiposity Predicts Survival After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 214, no. 1 (January 2020): 200–205. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.19.21655.
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  - Ronald, James, Rajiv Rao, Steven S. Choi, Matthew Kappus, Jonathan G. Martin, Alan A. Sag, Waleska M. Pabon-Ramos, Paul V. Suhocki, Tony P. Smith, and Charles Y. Kim. “No Increased Mortality After TIPS Compared with Serial Large Volume Paracenteses in Patients with Higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score and Refractory Ascites.” Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 42, no. 5 (May 2019): 720–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-02155-9.
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  - Wilder, Julius, Steve S. Choi, and Cynthia A. Moylan. “Evaluation for Fibrosis After Cure of Hepatitis C-Reply.” Jama 321, no. 15 (April 16, 2019): 1535. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.0873.
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  - Lewis, Douglas S., Tzu-Hao Lee, Meghana Konanur, Cole Ziegler, Melissa D. Hall, Waleska M. Pabon-Ramos, Paul V. Suhocki, et al. “Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Is Associated with an Increased Frequency of New or Worsening Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation.” J Vasc Interv Radiol 30, no. 2 (February 2019): 163–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2018.10.015.
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  - Wilder, Julius, Steve S. Choi, and Cynthia A. Moylan. “Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography for Diagnosing Cirrhosis and Staging Hepatic Fibrosis.” Jama 320, no. 19 (November 20, 2018): 2031–32. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.13073.
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  - Chino, Fumiko, Kimberly Ellen Pollis, Steve Choi, Joseph K. Salama, and Manisha Palta. “Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy-Induced Abscopal Effect on Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Treatment for Lung Cancer: A Case Report.” Hepatology 68, no. 4 (October 2018): 1653–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30100.
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  - Patel, Yuval A., Elizabeth J. Gifford, Lisa M. Glass, Marsha J. Turner, Byungjoo Han, Cynthia A. Moylan, Steve Choi, Ayako Suzuki, Dawn Provenzale, and Christine M. Hunt. “Correction to: Identifying Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Advanced Fibrosis in the Veterans Health Administration.” Dig Dis Sci 63, no. 10 (October 2018): 2813–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-018-5213-2.
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  - Chino, Fumiko, Sarah Jo Stephens, Steve S. Choi, Daniele Marin, Charles Y. Kim, Michael A. Morse, Devon J. Godfrey, Brian G. Czito, Christopher G. Willett, and Manisha Palta. “The role of external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer.” Cancer 124, no. 17 (September 1, 2018): 3476–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31334.
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  - Patel, Yuval A., Elizabeth J. Gifford, Lisa M. Glass, Marsha J. Turner, Byungjoo Han, Cynthia A. Moylan, Steve Choi, Ayako Suzuki, Dawn Provenzale, and Christine M. Hunt. “Identifying Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Advanced Fibrosis in the Veterans Health Administration.” Dig Dis Sci 63, no. 9 (September 2018): 2259–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-018-5123-3.
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  - Naggie, Susanna, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Steve Choi, Sam Lusk, Audrey Lan, Guido Ferrari, Wing-Kin Syn, Cynthia D. Guy, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Markers of Tissue Repair and Cellular Aging Are Increased in the Liver Tissue of Patients With HIV Infection Regardless of Presence of HCV Coinfection.” Open Forum Infect Dis 5, no. 7 (July 2018): ofy138. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy138.
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  - Ronald, J., Q. Wang, S. S. Choi, P. V. Suhocki, M. D. Hall, T. P. Smith, and C. Y. Kim. “Albumin-bilirubin grade versus MELD score for predicting survival after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation.” Diagn Interv Imaging 99, no. 3 (March 2018): 163–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2017.10.008.
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  - Kasarala, George, Steve Choi, Katie Lopez, Rachel B. Britt, Colleen Boatright, and Hans L. Tillmann. “Curing hepatitis C virus (HCV) after organ transplantation: Increased risk of rejection following HCV elimination.” Transpl Infect Dis 20, no. 1 (February 2018). https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.12796.
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  - Patel, Y. A., E. J. Gifford, L. M. Glass, R. McNeil, M. J. Turner, B. Han, D. Provenzale, S. S. Choi, C. A. Moylan, and C. M. Hunt. “Risk factors for biopsy-proven advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Veterans Health Administration.” Aliment Pharmacol Ther 47, no. 2 (January 2018): 268–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14411.
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  - Chan, Austin W., Yuval A. Patel, and Steve Choi. “Aging of the Liver: What This Means for Patients with HIV.” Curr Hiv/Aids Rep 13, no. 6 (December 2016): 309–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-016-0332-x.
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  - Michelotti, Gregory A., Anikia Tucker, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Mariana Verdelho Machado, Steve S. Choi, Leandi Kruger, Erik Soderblom, et al. “Pleiotrophin regulates the ductular reaction by controlling the migration of cells in liver progenitor niches.” Gut 65, no. 4 (April 2016): 683–92. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308176.
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  - Michelotti, Gregory A., Anikia Tucker, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Mariana Verdelho Machado, Steve S. Choi, Leandi Kruger, Erik Soderblom, et al. “Pleiotrophin regulates the ductular reaction by controlling the migration of cells in liver progenitor niches.” Gut 65, no. 4 (April 2016): 683–92. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308176.
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  - Coombes, Jason D., Steve S. Choi, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Paul Manka, Danielle T. Reid, Elena Palma, Marco A. Briones-Orta, et al. “Osteopontin is a proximal effector of leptin-mediated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fibrosis.” Biochim Biophys Acta 1862, no. 1 (January 2016): 135–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.028.
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  - Pereira, Thiago A., Wing-Kin Syn, Mariana V. Machado, Paula V. Vidigal, Vivian Resende, Izabela Voieta, Guanhua Xie, et al. “Schistosome-induced cholangiocyte proliferation and osteopontin secretion correlate with fibrosis and portal hypertension in human and murine schistosomiasis mansoni.” Clin Sci (Lond) 129, no. 10 (November 2015): 875–83. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20150117.
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  - Uschner, Frank E., Ganesh Ranabhat, Steve S. Choi, Michaela Granzow, Sabine Klein, Robert Schierwagen, Esther Raskopf, et al. “Statins activate the canonical hedgehog-signaling and aggravate non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, but inhibit the non-canonical hedgehog signaling and cirrhotic portal hypertension.” Sci Rep 5 (September 28, 2015): 14573. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14573.
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  - Coombes, J. D., M. Swiderska-Syn, L. Dollé, D. Reid, B. Eksteen, L. Claridge, M. A. Briones-Orta, et al. “Osteopontin neutralisation abrogates the liver progenitor cell response and fibrogenesis in mice.” Gut 64, no. 7 (July 2015): 1120–31. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306484.
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  - Karaca, Gamze, Guanhua Xie, Cynthia Moylan, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Cynthia D. Guy, Leandi Krüger, Mariana Verdelho Machado, et al. “Role of Fn14 in acute alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice.” Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 308, no. 4 (February 15, 2015): G325–34. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00429.2013.
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  - Kim, Jieun, Sihyung Wang, Jeongeun Hyun, Steve S. Choi, Heejae Cha, Meesun Ock, and Youngmi Jung. “Hepatic stellate cells express thymosin Beta 4 in chronically damaged liver.” Plos One 10, no. 3 (2015): e0122758. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122758.
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  - Swiderska-Syn, M., W. K. Syn, G. Xie, L. Krüger, M. V. Machado, G. Karaca, G. A. Michelotti, S. S. Choi, R. T. Premont, and A. M. Diehl. “Myofibroblastic cells function as progenitors to regenerate murine livers after partial hepatectomy.” Gut 63, no. 8 (August 2014): 1333–44. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305962.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Lee C. Claridge, Ravi Jhaveri, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Paul Clark, Ayako Suzuki, Thiago A. Pereira, et al. “Osteopontin is up-regulated in chronic hepatitis C and is associated with cellular permissiveness for hepatitis C virus replication.” Clin Sci (Lond) 126, no. 12 (June 2014): 845–55. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20130473.
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  - Chan, Isaac S., Cynthia D. Guy, Mariana V. Machado, Abigail Wank, Vishnu Kadiyala, Gregory Michelotti, Steve Choi, et al. “Alcohol activates the hedgehog pathway and induces related procarcinogenic processes in the alcohol-preferring rat model of hepatocarcinogenesis.” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38, no. 3 (March 2014): 787–800. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12279.
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  - Hyun, Jeongeun, Steve S. Choi, Anna Mae Diehl, and Youngmi Jung. “Potential role of Hedgehog signaling and microRNA-29 in liver fibrosis of IKKβ-deficient mouse.” J Mol Histol 45, no. 1 (February 2014): 103–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-013-9532-5.
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  - Moylan, Cynthia A., Herbert Pang, Andrew Dellinger, Ayako Suzuki, Melanie E. Garrett, Cynthia D. Guy, Susan K. Murphy, et al. “Hepatic gene expression profiles differentiate presymptomatic patients with mild versus severe nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.” Hepatology 59, no. 2 (February 2014): 471–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26661.
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  - Karaca, Gamze, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Guanhua Xie, Wing-Kin Syn, Leandi Krüger, Mariana Verdelho Machado, Katherine Garman, et al. “TWEAK/Fn14 signaling is required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice.” Plos One 9, no. 1 (2014): e83987. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083987.
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  - Xie, Guanhua, Gamze Karaca, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Gregory A. Michelotti, Leandi Krüger, Yuping Chen, Richard T. Premont, Steve S. Choi, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Cross-talk between Notch and Hedgehog regulates hepatic stellate cell fate in mice.” Hepatology 58, no. 5 (November 2013): 1801–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26511.
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  - Michelotti, Gregory A., Guanhua Xie, Marzena Swiderska, Steve S. Choi, Gamze Karaca, Leandi Krüger, Richard Premont, et al. “Smoothened is a master regulator of adult liver repair.” J Clin Invest 123, no. 6 (June 2013): 2380–94. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI66904.
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  - Xie, Guanhua, Steve S. Choi, Wing-Kin Syn, Gregory A. Michelotti, Marzena Swiderska, Gamze Karaca, Isaac S. Chan, Yuping Chen, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Hedgehog signalling regulates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell capillarisation.” Gut 62, no. 2 (February 2013): 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301494.
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  - Pereira, Thiago A., Guanhua Xie, Steve S. Choi, Wing-Kin Syn, Izabela Voieta, Jiuyi Lu, Isaac S. Chan, et al. “Macrophage-derived Hedgehog ligands promotes fibrogenic and angiogenic responses in human schistosomiasis mansoni.” Liver Int 33, no. 1 (January 2013): 149–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12016.
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  - Chan, Isaac S., Cynthia D. Guy, Yuping Chen, Jiuyi Lu, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Gregory A. Michelotti, Gamze Karaca, et al. “Paracrine Hedgehog signaling drives metabolic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma.” Cancer Res 72, no. 24 (December 15, 2012): 6344–50. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1068.
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  - Arzumanyan, Alla, Vaishnavi Sambandam, Marcia M. Clayton, Steve S. Choi, Guanhua Xie, Anna Mae Diehl, Dae-Yeul Yu, and Mark A. Feitelson. “Hedgehog signaling blockade delays hepatocarcinogenesis induced by hepatitis B virus X protein.” Cancer Res 72, no. 22 (November 15, 2012): 5912–20. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2329.
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  - Tillman, Hans L., and Steve S. Choi. “Risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.” Ann Intern Med 157, no. 9 (November 6, 2012): 677–78. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00022.
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  - Chen, Yuping, Steve S. Choi, Gregory A. Michelotti, Isaac S. Chan, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Gamze F. Karaca, Guanhua Xie, et al. “Hedgehog controls hepatic stellate cell fate by regulating metabolism.” Gastroenterology 143, no. 5 (November 2012): 1319-1329.e11. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.115.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Kolade M. Agboola, Marzena Swiderska, Gregory A. Michelotti, Evaggelia Liaskou, Herbert Pang, Guanhua Xie, et al. “NKT-associated hedgehog and osteopontin drive fibrogenesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.” Gut 61, no. 9 (September 2012): 1323–29. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301857.
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  - Liaskou, E., H. Zimmermann, Z. Stamataki, O. Qureshi, S. S. Choi, J. Shaw, S. M. Curbishley, W. K. Syn, and D. H. Adams. “PMO-119 Phenotypically and functionally distinct monocyte subsets and their role in human liver disease.” Gut 61, no. Suppl 2 (July 2012): A121.1-A121. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302514b.119.
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  - Romac, Joelle M-J, Rafiq A. Shahid, Steve S. Choi, Gamze F. Karaca, Christoph B. Westphalen, Timothy C. Wang, and Rodger A. Liddle. “Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor I reduces the severity of chronic pancreatitis in mice overexpressing interleukin-1β in the pancreas.” Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302, no. 5 (March 1, 2012): G535–41. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00287.2011.
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  - Choi, Steve, and Anna Mae Diehl. “After goodbye? Dead hepatocytes as a biomarker for fibrosis and steatohepatitis.” Hepatology 55, no. 2 (February 2012): 333–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.25540.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Shelton Bradrick, Guan Qiang, Anahita Mostafavi, Gaurav Chaturvedi, Steven A. Weinman, Anna Mae Diehl, and Ravi Jhaveri. “Up-regulation of Hedgehog pathway is associated with cellular permissiveness for hepatitis C virus replication.” Hepatology 54, no. 5 (November 2011): 1580–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24576.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Lee M. Bass, Robert A. Anders, Maria G. Clemente, Heather Francis, Cynthia D. Guy, Shannon McCall, et al. “Hedgehog activity, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, and biliary dysmorphogenesis in biliary atresia.” Hepatology 53, no. 4 (April 2011): 1246–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24156.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Alessia Omenetti, Wing-Kin Syn, and Anna Mae Diehl. “The role of Hedgehog signaling in fibrogenic liver repair.” Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43, no. 2 (February 2011): 238–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2010.10.015.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Liu Yang, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Cynthia D. Guy, Steve S. Choi, Wei Chen, Marc G. Caron, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Paracrine modulation of cholangiocyte serotonin synthesis orchestrates biliary remodeling in adults.” Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 300, no. 2 (February 2011): G303–15. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00368.2010.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Steve Choi, Gregory Michelotti, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Hedgehog signaling in the liver.” J Hepatol 54, no. 2 (February 2011): 366–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.10.003.
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  - Philips, George M., Isaac S. Chan, Marzena Swiderska, Vanessa T. Schroder, Cynthia Guy, Gamze F. Karaca, Cynthia Moylan, et al. “Hedgehog signaling antagonist promotes regression of both liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in a murine model of primary liver cancer.” Plos One 6, no. 9 (2011): e23943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023943.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Steve S. Choi, Evaggelia Liaskou, Gamze F. Karaca, Kolade M. Agboola, Ye Htun Oo, Zhiyong Mi, et al. “Osteopontin is induced by hedgehog pathway activation and promotes fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.” Hepatology 53, no. 1 (January 2011): 106–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23998.
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  - Pereira, Thiago de Almeida, Rafal P. Witek, Wing-Kin Syn, Steve S. Choi, Shelton Bradrick, Gamze F. Karaca, Kolade M. Agboola, et al. “Viral factors induce Hedgehog pathway activation in humans with viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.” Lab Invest 90, no. 12 (December 2010): 1690–1703. https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2010.147.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Wing-Kin Syn, Gamze F. Karaca, Alessia Omenetti, Cynthia A. Moylan, Rafal P. Witek, Kolade M. Agboola, Youngmi Jung, Gregory A. Michelotti, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Leptin promotes the myofibroblastic phenotype in hepatic stellate cells by activating the hedgehog pathway.” J Biol Chem 285, no. 47 (November 19, 2010): 36551–60. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.168542.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Rafal P. Witek, Liu Yang, Alessia Omenetti, Wing-Kin Syn, Cynthia A. Moylan, Youngmi Jung, et al. “Activation of Rac1 promotes hedgehog-mediated acquisition of the myofibroblastic phenotype in rat and human hepatic stellate cells.” Hepatology 52, no. 1 (July 2010): 278–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23649.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Ye Htun Oo, Thiago A. Pereira, Gamze F. Karaca, Youngmi Jung, Alessia Omenetti, Rafal P. Witek, et al. “Accumulation of natural killer T cells in progressive nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.” Hepatology 51, no. 6 (June 2010): 1998–2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23599.
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  - Jung, Youngmi, Rafal P. Witek, Wing-Kin Syn, Steve S. Choi, Alessia Omenetti, Richard Premont, Cynthia D. Guy, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Signals from dying hepatocytes trigger growth of liver progenitors.” Gut 59, no. 5 (May 2010): 655–65. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2009.204354.
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  - Ochoa, Begoña, Wing-Kin Syn, Igotz Delgado, Gamze F. Karaca, Youngmi Jung, Jiangbo Wang, Ana M. Zubiaga, et al. “Hedgehog signaling is critical for normal liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice.” Hepatology 51, no. 5 (May 2010): 1712–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23525.
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  - McGoogan, Katherine E., P Brian Smith, Steve S. Choi, Wallace Berman, and Ravi Jhaveri. “Performance of the AST-to-platelet ratio index as a noninvasive marker of fibrosis in pediatric patients with chronic viral hepatitis.” J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 50, no. 3 (March 2010): 344–46. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181aed725.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Alessia Omenetti, Rafal P. Witek, Cynthia A. Moylan, Wing-Kin Syn, Youngmi Jung, Liu Yang, et al. “Hedgehog pathway activation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions during myofibroblastic transformation of rat hepatic cells in culture and cirrhosis.” Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 297, no. 6 (December 2009): G1093–1106. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00292.2009.
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  - Choi, Steve S., and Anna Mae Diehl. “Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions in the liver.” Hepatology 50, no. 6 (December 2009): 2007–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23196.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Steve S. Choi, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Apoptosis and cytokines in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.” Clin Liver Dis 13, no. 4 (November 2009): 565–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2009.07.003.
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  - Witek, Rafal P., W Carl Stone, F Gamze Karaca, Wing-Kin Syn, Thiago A. Pereira, Kolade M. Agboola, Alessia Omenetti, et al. “Pan-caspase inhibitor VX-166 reduces fibrosis in an animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.” Hepatology 50, no. 5 (November 2009): 1421–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23167.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Youngmi Jung, Alessia Omenetti, Manal Abdelmalek, Cynthia D. Guy, Liu Yang, Jiangbo Wang, et al. “Hedgehog-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and fibrogenic repair in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.” Gastroenterology 137, no. 4 (October 2009): 1478-1488.e8. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.051.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Liu Yang, Dian Jung Chiang, Yue Qian, Youngmi Jung, Gamze Karaca, Steve S. Choi, et al. “Genetic differences in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to diet-induced obesity do not alter liver fibrosis in mice.” Liver Int 29, no. 8 (September 2009): 1262–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02036.x.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Wing-Kin Syn, Youngmi Jung, Heather Francis, Alessandro Porrello, Rafal P. Witek, Steve S. Choi, et al. “Repair-related activation of hedgehog signaling promotes cholangiocyte chemokine production.” Hepatology 50, no. 2 (August 2009): 518–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23019.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Rafal P. Witek, Stuart M. Curbishley, Youngmi Jung, Steve S. Choi, Barbara Enrich, Alessia Omenetti, et al. “Role for hedgehog pathway in regulating growth and function of invariant NKT cells.” Eur J Immunol 39, no. 7 (July 2009): 1879–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838890.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Vanessa Teaberry, Steve S. Choi, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Similarities and differences in the pathogenesis of alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.” Semin Liver Dis 29, no. 2 (May 2009): 200–210. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1214375.
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  - Omenetti, A., W. -. K. Syn, Y. Jung, R. P. Witek, S. S. Choi, and A. M. Diehl. “75 MYOFIBROBLASTS PROVIDE HEDGEHOG PARACRINE SIGNALS THAT DRIVE CHOLANGIOCYTES TO RECRUIT NKT CELLS TO PORTAL TRACTS.” Journal of Hepatology 50 (April 2009): S31–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(09)60077-5.
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  - Miller, Meredith W., Sandeep Basra, Daniel W. Kulp, Paul C. Billings, Sungwook Choi, Mary Pat Beavers, Owen J. T. McCarty, et al. “Small-molecule inhibitors of integrin alpha2beta1 that prevent pathological thrombus formation via an allosteric mechanism.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, no. 3 (January 20, 2009): 719–24. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811622106.
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  - Witek, Rafal P., Liu Yang, Renshui Liu, Youngmi Jung, Alessia Omenetti, Wing-Kin Syn, Steve S. Choi, et al. “Liver cell-derived microparticles activate hedgehog signaling and alter gene expression in hepatic endothelial cells.” Gastroenterology 136, no. 1 (January 2009): 320-330.e2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2008.09.066.
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  - Jou, Janice, Steve S. Choi, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Mechanisms of disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.” Semin Liver Dis 28, no. 4 (November 2008): 370–79. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1091981.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Alessandro Porrello, Youngmi Jung, Liu Yang, Yury Popov, Steve S. Choi, Rafal P. Witek, et al. “Hedgehog signaling regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition during biliary fibrosis in rodents and humans.” J Clin Invest 118, no. 10 (October 2008): 3331–42. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI35875.
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  - Omenetti, A., Y. Popov, Y. Jung, S. S. Choi, R. P. Witek, L. Yang, K. D. Brown, D. Schuppan, and A. M. Diehl. “The hedgehog pathway regulates remodelling responses to biliary obstruction in rats.” Gut 57, no. 9 (September 2008): 1275–82. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.148619.
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  - Yang, Liu, Youngmi Jung, Alessia Omenetti, Rafal P. Witek, Steve Choi, Hendrika M. Vandongen, Jiawen Huang, Gianfranco D. Alpini, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Fate-mapping evidence that hepatic stellate cells are epithelial progenitors in adult mouse livers.” Stem Cells 26, no. 8 (August 2008): 2104–13. https://doi.org/10.1634/stemcells.2008-0115.
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  - Choi, Steve S., and Anna Mae Diehl. “Hepatic triglyceride synthesis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.” Curr Opin Lipidol 19, no. 3 (June 2008): 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282ff5e55.
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  - Fleig, Susanne V., Steve S. Choi, Liu Yang, Youngmi Jung, Alessia Omenetti, Hendrika M. VanDongen, Jiawen Huang, Jason K. Sicklick, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Hepatic accumulation of Hedgehog-reactive progenitors increases with severity of fatty liver damage in mice.” Lab Invest 87, no. 12 (December 2007): 1227–39. https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.3700689.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Liu Yang, Yin-Xiong Li, Shannon J. McCall, Youngmi Jung, Jason K. Sicklick, Jiawen Huang, Steve Choi, Ayako Suzuki, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Hedgehog-mediated mesenchymal-epithelial interactions modulate hepatic response to bile duct ligation.” Lab Invest 87, no. 5 (May 2007): 499–514. https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.3700537.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Jason K. Sicklick, Qi Ma, Liu Yang, Jiawen Huang, Yi Qi, Wei Chen, Yin-Xiong Li, Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Sustained activation of Rac1 in hepatic stellate cells promotes liver injury and fibrosis in mice.” Hepatology 44, no. 5 (November 2006): 1267–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21375.
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  - Sicklick, Jason K., Steve S. Choi, Marcia Bustamante, Shannon J. McCall, Elizabeth Hernández Pérez, Jiawen Huang, Yin-Xiong Li, Marcos Rojkind, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Evidence for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in adult liver cells.” Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 291, no. 4 (October 2006): G575–83. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00102.2006.
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  - Suzuki, Ayako, Shannon McCall, Steve S. Choi, Jason K. Sicklick, Jiawen Huang, Yi Qi, Marzena Zdanowicz, Terese Camp, Yin-Xiong Li, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Interleukin-15 increases hepatic regenerative activity.” J Hepatol 45, no. 3 (September 2006): 410–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2006.04.008.
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  - Choi, Steve, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Role of inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.” Curr Opin Gastroenterol 21, no. 6 (November 2005): 702–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mog.0000182863.96421.47.
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  - Sicklick, Jason K., Yin-Xiong Li, Steve S. Choi, Yi Qi, Wei Chen, Marcia Bustamante, Jiawen Huang, et al. “Role for hedgehog signaling in hepatic stellate cell activation and viability.” Lab Invest 85, no. 11 (November 2005): 1368–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.3700349.
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  - Hsieh, S. T., S. Choi, W. M. Lin, Y. C. Chang, J. C. Mcarthur, and J. W. Griffin. “Epidermal denervation and its effects on keratinocytes and Langerhans cells.” J Neurocytol 25, no. 9 (September 1996): 513–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02284819.
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  - Tucker, P. C., D. E. Griffin, S. Choi, N. Bui, and S. Wesselingh. “Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis increases mortality in Sindbis virus encephalitis.” J Virol 70, no. 6 (June 1996): 3972–77. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.70.6.3972-3977.1996.
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  - Mokhtarian, F., S. L. Wesselingh, S. Choi, A. Maeda, D. E. Griffin, R. A. Sobel, and D. Grob. “Production and role of cytokines in the CNS of mice with acute viral encephalomyelitis.” J Neuroimmunol 66, no. 1–2 (May 1996): 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-5728(95)00181-6.
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  - Rho, M. B., S. Wesselingh, J. D. Glass, J. C. McArthur, S. Choi, J. Griffin, and W. R. Tyor. “A potential role for interferon-alpha in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia.” Brain Behav Immun 9, no. 4 (December 1995): 366–77. https://doi.org/10.1006/brbi.1995.1034.
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  - Herskowitz, A., S. Choi, A. A. Ansari, and S. Wesselingh. “Cytokine mRNA expression in postischemic/reperfused myocardium.” Am J Pathol 146, no. 2 (February 1995): 419–28.
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  - Bö, L., T. M. Dawson, S. Wesselingh, S. Mörk, S. Choi, P. A. Kong, D. Hanley, and B. D. Trapp. “Induction of nitric oxide synthase in demyelinating regions of multiple sclerosis brains.” Ann Neurol 36, no. 5 (November 1994): 778–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410360515.
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  - Wesselingh, S. L., B. Levine, R. J. Fox, S. Choi, and D. E. Griffin. “Intracerebral cytokine mRNA expression during fatal and nonfatal alphavirus encephalitis suggests a predominant type 2 T cell response.” J Immunol 152, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 1289–97.
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- Book Sections
  - Choi, S. S., and A. M. Diehl. “Alcoholic liver disease.” In Handbook of Liver Disease, 109–20, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-47874-8.00008-0.
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- Conference Papers
  - Lee, Tzu-Hao, Austin Chan, William E. Bryan, Lawrence Park, Mohamed Hashem, Mary Townsend, Cynthia A. Moylan, Rachel B. Britt, Steve S. Choi, and Susanna Naggie. “USAGE OF PPI REDUCES THE SVR RATE FOR HIV-HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS USING LEDIPASVIR/SOFOSBUVIR: A REAL-WORLD STUDY FROM MULTICENTER VA COHORT.” In Gastroenterology, 156:S1345–S1345. W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2019.
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  - Shantzer, Lindsey, Stephanie Garbarino, and Steve S. Choi. “Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Secreting Intact PTH: A Case Report.” In American Journal of Gastroenterology, 113:S1331–32. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2018.
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  - Du, Kuo, Jeongeun Hyun, Richard T. Premont, Steve S. Choi, Gregory A. Michelotti, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, George D. Dalton, et al. “Hedgehog-YAP Signaling Pathway Regulates Glutaminolysis to Control Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells.” In Gastroenterology, 154:1465-1479.e13, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.022.
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  - Patel, Yuval A., Elizabeth Gifford, Lisa M. Glass, Rebecca McNeil, Marsha J. Turner, Byungjoo Han, Dawn T. Provenzale, Steve S. Choi, Cynthia A. Moylan, and Christine M. Hunt. “Diet/exercise programs are used by only one in five severely obese patients with biopsy-defined Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) advanced fibrosis in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).” In Hepatology, 66:1164A-1164A. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Chan, Austin W., William E. Bryan, Mohamed A. Hashem, Mary L. Townsend, Laura Ann Wang, Steve S. Choi, and Susanna Naggie. “Hepatitis C (HCV) Virologic Outcomes in Veterans taking Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir with Concomitant Acid Suppressing Medication.” In Hepatology, 64:468A-468A. WILEY, 2016.
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  - Rabatin, Abigail, Mohamed Hashem, Mary L. Townsend, William E. Bryan, Cynthia A. Moylan, Steve S. Choi, and Susanna Naggie. “Treatment Outcomes of Veterans with Decompensated Cirrhosis Receiving All Oral Direct Acting Antiviral Hepatitis C Therapy.” In Hepatology, 62:773A-773A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015.
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  - Uschner, Frank E., Ganesh Ranabhat, Michaela Granzow, Steve S. Choi, Sabine Klein, Robert Schierwagen, Esther Raskopf, et al. “Statins activate the canonical hedgehog-signaling and aggravate non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, but inhibit the non-canonical hedgehog signaling and cirrhotic portal hypertension.” In Hepatology, 62:249A-249A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015.
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  - Naqvi, Ibtehaj A., Rebekah R. White, Cynthia A. Moylan, Anna Mae Diehl, and Steve S. Choi. “Abstract 4117: Utilizing RNA aptamers for biomarker discovery in a novel cell culture system for hepatocellular carcinoma.” In Prevention Research. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4117.
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  - Coombes, J. D., M. Swiderska-Syn, L. Dollé, D. T. Reid, B. Eksteen, L. C. Claridge, M. A. Briones-Orta, et al. “P612 OSTEOPONTIN NEUTRALIZATION ABROGATES THE LIVER PROGENITOR CELL RESPONSE AND FIBROGENIC OUTCOMES IN MICE.” In Journal of Hepatology, 60:S273–S273. Elsevier BV, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(14)60774-1.
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  - Coombes, Jason D., Steve S. Choi, Paul P. Manka, Marco A. Briones-Orta, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Naoto Kitamura, Rasha Younis, et al. “Osteopontin mediates fibrogenic effects of leptin and enhances NASH progression.” In Hepatology, 60:748A-749A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014.
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  - Uschner, Frank E., Ganesh Ranabhat, Michaela Granzow, Steve S. Choi, Sabine Klein, Robert Schierwagen, Esther Raskopf, et al. “Hedgehog-signaling and angiogenesis in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.” In Hepatology, 60:1178A-1178A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014.
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  - Karaca, Gamze, Guanhua Xie, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Gregory A. Michelotti, Steve S. Choi, Linda C. Burkly, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Absence of FN14 Ameliorates Acute Ethanol-Induced Steatohepatitis.” In Hepatology, 58:831A-831A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013.
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  - Pereira, Thiago A., Wing-Kin Syn, Steve S. Choi, Izabela Voieta, Vivian Resende, Marcia M. Souza, William E. Secor, et al. “Cholangiocyte proliferation and Osteopontin secretion is induced by Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens and correlates with fibrosis and portal hypertension in human and murine schistosomiasis.” In Hepatology, 58:847A-847A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013.
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  - Tucker, Anikia, Gregory A. Michelotti, Steve S. Choi, Guanhua Xie, Gamze Karaca, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Leandi Kruger, Mariana V. Machado, Katherine S. Garman, and Anna Mae Diehl. “The Role of Pleiotrophin Signaling in the Hepatic Stem Cell Niche.” In Hepatology, 58:1007A-1007A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013.
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  - Xie, Guanhua, Gamze Karaca, Marzena Swiderska, Gregory A. Michelotti, Leandi Krueger, Steve S. Choi, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Notch Signaling Regulates Hepatic Stellate Cell Fate by Cross-Talking With Hedgehog Signaling.” In Gastroenterology, 144:S995–S995, 2013.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Ravi Jhaveri, Shelton Bradrick, Paul C. Kuo, and Wing-Kin Syn. “Osteopontin regulates viral permissivity and replication in Huh7.5 cells infected with Hepatitis C Virus.” In Hepatology, 56:697A-697A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012.
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  - Chan, Isaac S., Marzena Swiderska, Cynthia D. Guy, Yuping Chen, Gamze Karaca, Guanhua Xie, Steve S. Choi, Gregory A. Michelotti, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Hedgehog Inhibition Regulates the Stromal Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Suppression of the Warburg Effect.” In Gastroenterology, 142:S972–S972, 2012.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Wing-Kin Syn, Marzena Swiderska, Michael P. Smith, Anna Mae Diehl, and Gregory A. Michelotti. “Nr4a1 Nuclear Orphan Receptor is a Novel Regulator of Hepatic Fibrosis.” In Gastroenterology, 142:S910–S910, 2012.
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  - Liaskou, E., H. Zimmermann, S. S. Choi, O. Qureshi, Z. Stamataki, J. Shaw, S. M. Curbishley, W. -. K. Syn, and D. H. Adams. “379 THREE PHENOTYPICALLY AND FUNCTIONALLY DISTINCT MONOCYTE SUBSETS AND THEIR ROLE IN HUMAN LIVER FIBROSIS.” In Journal of Hepatology, 56:S153–S153. Elsevier BV, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(12)60392-4.
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  - Liaskou, E., S. S. Choi, O. Qureshi, S. M. Curbishley, Z. Stamataki, W. -. K. Syn, and D. H. Adams. “CD14++CD16+monocyte/macrophages can induce fibrosis in human liver.” In Immunology, 135:89–89. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Chan, Isaac S., George M. Philips, Marzena Zdanowicz, Vanessa Teaberry, Gamze Karaca, Fatima Rangwala, Cynthia D. Guy, et al. “HEDGEHOG PATHWAY INHIBITION BY GDC-0449 CAUSES REGRESSION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS AND IMPROVES LIVER FIBROSIS IN MDR2-DEFICIENT MICE.” In Hepatology, 54:1278A-1278A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Chen, Yuping, Steve S. Choi, Gregory A. Michelotti, Cynthia A. Moylan, Gamze Karaca, Marzena Zdanowicz, Guanhua Xie, Leandi Kruger, and Anna Mae Diehl. “TRANSITION OF QUIESCENT STELLATE CELLS INTO MYOFIBROBLASTS REQUIRES HEDGEHOG-MEDIATED INDUCTION OF GLYCOLYSIS.” In Hepatology, 54:422A-422A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Michelotti, Gregory A., Steve S. Choi, Marzena Zdanowicz, Gamze Karaca, Richard T. Premont, and Anna Mae Diehl. “ABROGATION OF CANONICAL HEDGEHOG ACTIVITY DECREASES HEPATIC FIBROSIS.” In Hepatology, 54:434A-435A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Philips, George M., Isaac S. Chan, Steve S. Choi, Guanhua Xie, Gregory A. Michelotti, Marzena Zdanowicz, Vanessa Teaberry, et al. “HEDGEHOG PATHWAY INHIBITION INDUCES HCC TUMOR NECROSIS BY REPRESSING EXPRESSION OF ANGIOPOIETIN-2 AND ITS COGNATE RECEPTOR, TIE-2.” In Hepatology, 54:1280A-1280A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Philips, George M., Marzena Zdanowicz, Gregory A. Michelotti, Steve S. Choi, Gamze Karaca, Isaac S. Chan, and Anna Mae Diehl. “HEDGEHOG PATHWAY ACTIVATION OCCURS IN PULMONARY MICROVASCULATURE DURING EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOPULMONARY SYNDROME (HPS).” In Hepatology, 54:1235A-1235A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Xie, Guanhua, Steve S. Choi, Wing-Kin Syn, Gregory A. Michelotti, Marzena Zdanowicz, Gamze Karaca, Yuping Chen, and Anna Mae Diehl. “AUTOCRINE ACTIVATION OF THE HEDGEHOG PATHWAY DURING LIVER SINUSOIDAL ENDOTHELIAL CELL CAPILLARIZATION.” In Hepatology, 54:757A-757A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Moylan, Cynthia A., Andrew Dellinger, Herbert Pang, Ayako Suzuki, Hans L. Tillmann, Daniel Hampton, Yuping Chen, et al. “Modest Alcohol Consumption Attenuates Expression of Fibrosis-Associated Genes in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).” In Gastroenterology, 140:S914–15. W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2011.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Thiago A. Pereira, Wing-Kin Syn, Kolade M. Agboola, Cynthia A. Moylan, Alessia Omenetti, Gamze F. Karaca, Fatima Rangwala, Ravi Jhaveri, and Anna Mae Diehl. “CO-CULTURE OF LIVER EPITHELIAL CELLS STABLY TRANSFECTED WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS X PROTEIN PROMOTES MYOFIBROBLASTIC ACTIVATION AND ACCUMULATION VIA A HEDGEHOG-MEDIATED PROCESS IN RAT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS.” In Hepatology, 52:977A-978A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Wing-Kin Syn, Michael P. Smith, Anna Mae Diehl, and Gregory A. Michelotti. “NR4A NUCLEAR ORPHAN RECEPTORS ARE NOVEL REGULATORS OF HEPATIC FIBROSIS.” In Hepatology, 52:606A-607A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Karaca, Gamze F., Yuping Chen, Wing-Kin Syn, Begona Ochoa, Steve S. Choi, Aniela Jakubowski, and Anna Mae Diehl. “DEFECTIVE LIVER REGENERATION AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY IN MICE LACKING FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR INDUCIBLE 14.” In Hepatology, 52:969A-970A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Moylan, Cynthia A., Manal F. Abdelmalek, Herbert Pang, Andrew Dellinger, Steve S. Choi, Alessia Omenetti, Yuping Chen, et al. “SIGNALS FROM THE FIBROTIC LIVER IN PATIENTS WITH NAFLD MAY PROMOTE DIABETES AND OBESITY.” In Hepatology, 52:1049A-1050A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Moylan, Cynthia A., Steve S. Choi, Andrew Dellinger, Herbert Pang, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Daniel Hampton, Yuping Chen, et al. “CONSERVED GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN MYOFIBROBLASTIC MURINE AND HUMAN HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS AND NAFLD PATIENTS WITH LIVER FIBROSIS COMPATIBLE WITH EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL LIKE TRANSITION.” In Hepatology, 52:1286A-1287A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Lee M. Bass, Robert A. Anders, Maria Grazia Clemente, Heather Francis, Cynthia D. Guy, Steve S. Choi, et al. “HEDGEHOG PATHWAY DRIVES THE ACQUISITION OF MESENCHYMAL MARKERS IN DUCTULAR CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH BILIARY ATRESIA.” In Hepatology, 52:1022A-1023A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Liu Yang, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Cynthia D. Guy, Steve S. Choi, Wei Chen, Marc G. Caron, and Anna Mae Diehl. “MYOFIBROBLAST-DERIVED TGF beta PROMOTES BILIARY TREE GROWTH DURING CHOLESTATIC LIVER INJURY BY SUPPRESSING ANGIOPOIETIN 1/TIE2/TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE 2 AXIS AND SEROTONIN SECRETION IN NEIGHBORING CHOLANGIOCYTES.” In Hepatology, 52:407A-408A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Pereira, Thiago A., Wing-Kin Syn, Izabela Voieta, Lu Jiuyi, Steve S. Choi, Rafal P. Witek, Kolade M. Agboola, et al. “MACROPHAGE-DERIVED HEDGEHOG LIGANDS PROMOTES FIBROGENIC RESPONSES IN SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI.” In Hepatology, 52:611A-612A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Steve S. Choi, Evaggelia Liaskou, Gamze F. Karaca, Ye H. Oo, Thiago A. Pereira, Syamal D. Bhattacharya, et al. “OSTEOPONTIN PROMOTES NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE PROGRESSION.” In Hepatology, 52:350A-351A. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Moylan, Cynthia A., Steve S. Choi, Chaitanya R. Acharya, Wing-Kin Syn, Alessia Omenetti, Youngmi Jung, Debra L. Sudan, Andrew J. Muir, Anil Potti, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Gene Expression Profiles During Activation of Human Hepatic Stellate Cells Suggest an Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Process.” In Gastroenterology, 138:S838–S838. W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2010.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Rafal P. Witek, Wing-Kin Syn, Alessia Omenetti, Gamze F. Karaca, Youngmi Jung, Vanessa S. Teaberry, and Anna Mae Diehl. “INTERACTION BETWEEN HEDGEHOG PATHWAY SIGNALING AND LEPTIN IN RAT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS.” In Hepatology, 50:828A-828A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2009.
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  - Pereira, Thiago A., Rafal P. Witek, Wing-Kin Syn, Steve S. Choi, Youngmi Jung, Gamze F. Karaca, Alessia Omenetti, Fausto E. Pereira, and Anna Mae Diehl. “HEDGEHOG SIGNALING, STELLATE CELL/ENDOTHELIAL CELL CROSS-TALK AND PROGRESSION OF VIRAL HEPATITIS.” In Hepatology, 50:935A-935A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2009.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Ye Htun Oo, Rafal P. Witek, Thiago A. Pereira, Youngmi Jung, Gamze F. Karaca, Alessia Omenetti, et al. “HEDGEHOG-RELATED ACCUMULATION OF NKT CELLS PROMOTES FIBROGENESIS IN PROGRESSIVE NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE.” In Hepatology, 50:351A-351A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2009.
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  - Teaberry, Vanessa S., Gamze F. Karaca, Rafal P. Witek, Wing-Kin Syn, Alessia Omenetti, Youngmi Jung, Steve S. Choi, and Anna Mae Diehl. “NOVEL ROLE FOR HEDGEHOG PATHWAY ACTIVATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS.” In Hepatology, 50:995A-995A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2009.
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  - Witek, Rafal P., Thiago A. Pereira, Wing-Kin Syn, Youngmi Jung, Kolade M. Agboolo, Steve S. Choi, and Anna Mae Diehl. “TRANSIENT HEDGEHOG PATHWAY ACTIVATION AND ACCUMULATION OF HEDGEHOG-RESPONSIVE MYOFIBROBLASTS PRECEDE EXPANSION OF LIVER EPITHELIAL PROGENITORS AFTER ACUTE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INJURY.” In Hepatology, 50:822A-822A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2009.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Rafal P. Witek, Alessia Omenetti, Liu Yang, Wing-Kin Syn, Youngmi Jung, Jason K. Sicklick, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Sustained Activation of RAC1 Enhances Hedgehog-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mice with Chronic Liver Injury.” In Gastroenterology, 136:A792–A792, 2009.
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  - Jung, Youngmi, Rafal P. Witek, Wing-Kin Syn, Steve S. Choi, Alessia Omenetti, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Specific Inhibition of Ikk beta in Hepatocytes Induces Proliferation of Liver Progenitors in Injured Livers.” In Gastroenterology, 136:A789–A789, 2009.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Liu Yang, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Steve S. Choi, Rafal P. Witek, Youngmi Jung, Wing-Kin Syn, Wei Chen, Marc G. Caron, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Myofibroblasts Promote the Growth of Biliary Tree During Cholestatic Liver Injury By Suppressing Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) Expression and Serotonin Secretion in Neighboring Cholangiocytese.” In Gastroenterology, 136:A800–A800. W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2009.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Alessia Omenetti, Rafal P. Witek, Xiu-Rong Ren, Liu Yang, Wing-Kin Syn, Jason K. Sicklick, Youngmi Jung, Wei Chen, and Anna Mae Diehl. “SUSTAINED ACTIVATION OF RAC1 ENHANCES HEDGEHOG-MEDIATED EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN CULTURED RAT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS.” In Hepatology, 48:380A-381A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2008.
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  - Moylan, Cynthia A., Steve S. Choi, Chaitanya R. Acharya, Kelly Salter, Andrew J. Muir, Anil Potti, and Anna Mae Diehl. “GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES COUPLED WITH SIGNATURES OF ONCOGENIC PATHWAY DYSREGULATION PROVIDE A RATIONAL APPROACH TO DISSECTING THE MOLECULAR HETEROGENEITY OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA.” In Hepatology, 48:1120A-1120A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2008.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Wing-Kin Syn, Youngmi Jung, Rafal P. Witek, Steve S. Choi, M Eric Gershwin, and Anna Mae Diehl. “PARACRINE HEDGEHOG SIGNALING BETWEEN CHOLANGIOCYTES AND MYOFIBROBLASTS PROMOTES NKT CELL MIGRATION TOWARDS BILIARY EPITHELIAL CELLS: A NOVEL MECHANISM FOR NKT CELL ACCUMULATION IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.” In Hepatology, 48:595A-596A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2008.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Liu Yang, Youngmi Jung, Rafal P. Witek, Steve S. Choi, Alessia Omenetti, and Anna Mae Diehl. “HEDGEHOG PATHWAY ACTIVATION PROMOTES HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN MICE WITH DIET-INDUCED NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS.” In Hepatology, 48:828A-829A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2008.
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  - Syn, Wing-Kin, Rafal P. Witek, Youngmi Jung, Steve S. Choi, Alessia Omenetti, and Anna Mae Diehl. “HEDGEHOG ACTIVATES AND MODULATES HEPATIC INVARIANT NKT (INKT) RESPONSES.” In Hepatology, 48:1001A-1001A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2008.
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  - Witek, Rafal P., Renshui Liu, Wing-Kin Syn, Youngmi Jung, Alessia Omenetti, Liu Yang, Steve S. Choi, Wei Chen, and Anna Mae Diehl. “EXOSOMES RELEASED BY HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS AND IMMATURE BILIARY EPITHELIAL CELLS CONTAIN BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE HEDGEHOG LIGANDS.” In Hepatology, 48:407A-407A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2008.
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  - Choi, Steve S., Alessia Omenetti, Liu Yang, Rafal P. Witek, Kevin D. Brown, Mercedes Vazquez-Chantada, Jiawen Huang, et al. “Culture activation of murine hepatic stellate cells involves hedgehog pathway activation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions.” In Gastroenterology, 134:A797–A797, 2008.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Alessandro Porrello, Wing-Kin Syn, Steve S. Choi, Youngmi Jung, Liu Yang, Kevin D. Brown, Rafal P. Witek, Hendrika Vandongen, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Myofibroblast-derived soluble factors upregulate chemokine gene expression in neighboring cholangiocytes.” In Gastroenterology, 134:A776–A776, 2008.
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  - Witek, Rafal P., Renshui Liu, Liu Yang, Youngmi Jung, Kevin Brown, Alessia Omenetti, Mercedes Vazquez-Chantada, et al. “Liver-derived microparticles carry biologically-active Hedgehog morphogens, in blood and bile.” In Gastroenterology, 134:A570–A570, 2008.
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  - Yang, Liu, Youngmi Jung, Jiawen Huang, Alessia Omenetti, Rafal P. Witek, Steve S. Choi, Gianfranco Alpini, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Glial fibrillary acidic protein(+) progenitors regenerate adult livers.” In Gastroenterology, 134:A768–69, 2008.
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  - Omenetti, Alessia, Yi Qi, Jason K. Sicklick, Steve S. Choi, Yin-Xiong Li, and Anna Mae Diehl. “Co-culture of hepatic stellate cells and cholangiocytes increases cell proliferation via autocrine/paracrine signaling.” In Gastroenterology, 130:A817–A817, 2006.
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  - Batavia, A., E. Hernandez-Perez, M. Bustamante, J. A. Dominguez-Rosales, J. K. Sicklick, S. S. Choi, Q. Ma, P. J. Goldshmidt-Clermont, A. M. Dieh, and M. Rojkind. “Oxidative stress mediates the transformation of rodent hepatic stellate cells to myoribroblasts in culture.” In Faseb Journal, 20:A630–31. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2006.
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  - Choi, S. S., J. W. Huang, J. K. Sicklick, Q. Ma, J. T. Camp, P. J. Goldschmidt-Clermont, and A. M. Diehl. “Rac over-expression in activated hepatic stellate cells increases susceptibility to liver injury.” In Hepatology, 42:267A-267A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2005.
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  - Sicklick, J. K., M. Rojkind, Y. Qi, W. Chen, M. Bustamante, S. S. Choi, J. W. Huang, et al. “Hedgehog signaling in hepatic stellate cells from adult mice and rats.” In Hepatology, 42:733A-733A. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2005.
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