Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Ph.D., University of California at Davis 2004
• 

  Duke Appointment History

  • Medical Instructor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Medicine 2011 - 2016
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • HVTN Laboratory Center: HVTN Phase 1 2015 - 2020
  • Sublingual-parenteral vaccination to prevent oral HIV transmission in infants awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2018 - 2020
  • Comparing HIV Mucosal Targets in US and Kenyan Populations awarded by Northwestern University 2019 - 2020
  • Nonhuman Primate Option 22 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2020
  • Nonhuman Primate Option 1 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2020
  • Antibody and viral determinants of protection against CMV infection following gB/MF59 vaccination awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2020
  • HVTN Laboratory Center: HVTN 117 2017 - 2018
  • HVTN Laboratory Center: HVTN 118 2017 - 2018
  • HIV Vaccine Trials Network: LC P5 PF 2015 - 2018
  • HVTN - A004 2015 - 2018
  • Nonhuman Primate Core-Option 6 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2018
  • HIV Vaccine Trials Network: LC P5 PF 2014 - 2015
  • HVTN 505 Protocol 2014 - 2015
  • LC: HIV Vaccine Trials Network: Phase 1 PF 2014 - 2015
  • Enhancing protective antibody responses for a GM-CSF adjuvanted HIV vaccine 2014 - 2015
  • Testing the ability of antibody-mucin interactions to provide vaccine function awarded by Northwestern University 2013 - 2015
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Pinto, Dora, Craig Fenwick, Christophe Caillat, Chiara Silacci, Serafima Guseva, François Dehez, Christophe Chipot, et al. “Structural Basis for Broad HIV-1 Neutralization by the MPER-Specific Human Broadly Neutralizing Antibody LN01.” Cell Host Microbe 26, no. 5 (November 13, 2019): 623-637.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.09.016.
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    • Li, Shuying S., Peter B. Gilbert, Lindsay N. Carpp, Chul-Woo Pyo, Holly Janes, Youyi Fong, Xiaoying Shen, et al. “Fc Gamma Receptor Polymorphisms Modulated the Vaccine Effect on HIV-1 Risk in the HVTN 505 HIV Vaccine Trial.” J Virol 93, no. 21 (November 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02041-18.
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    • Neidich, Scott D., Youyi Fong, Shuying S. Li, Daniel E. Geraghty, Brian D. Williamson, William Chad Young, Derrick Goodman, et al. “Antibody Fc effector functions and IgG3 associate with decreased HIV-1 risk.” J Clin Invest 129, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 4838–49. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI126391.
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    • Gray, Glenda E., Ying Huang, Nicole Grunenberg, Fatima Laher, Surita Roux, Erica Andersen-Nissen, Stephen C. De Rosa, et al. “Immune correlates of the Thai RV144 HIV vaccine regimen in South Africa.” Sci Transl Med 11, no. 510 (September 18, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aax1880.
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    • Nelson, Ashley N., Ria Goswami, Maria Dennis, Joshua Tu, Riley J. Mangan, Pooja T. Saha, Derek W. Cain, et al. “Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV.CH505-Infected Infant and Adult Rhesus Macaques Exhibit Similar Env-Specific Antibody Kinetics, despite Distinct T-Follicular Helper and Germinal Center B Cell Landscapes.” J Virol 93, no. 15 (August 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00168-19.
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    • Han, Qifeng, Julia A. Jones, Nathan I. Nicely, Rachel K. Reed, Xiaoying Shen, Katayoun Mansouri, Mark Louder, et al. “Difficult-to-neutralize global HIV-1 isolates are neutralized by antibodies targeting open envelope conformations.” Nat Commun 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 2898. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10899-2.
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    • Dennis, Maria, Joshua Eudailey, Justin Pollara, Arthur S. McMillan, Kenneth D. Cronin, Pooja T. Saha, Alan D. Curtis, et al. “Coadministration of CH31 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Does Not Affect Development of Vaccine-Induced Anti-HIV-1 Envelope Antibody Responses in Infant Rhesus Macaques.” J Virol 93, no. 5 (March 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01783-18.
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    • Sui, Yongjun, George K. Lewis, Yichuan Wang, Kurt Berckmueller, Blake Frey, Amiran Dzutsev, Diego Vargas-Inchaustegui, et al. “Mucosal vaccine efficacy against intrarectal SHIV is independent of anti-Env antibody response.” J Clin Invest 129, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1314–28. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI122110.
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    • Jones, Andrew T., Xiaoying Shen, Korey L. Walter, Celia C. LaBranche, Linda S. Wyatt, Georgia D. Tomaras, David C. Montefiori, et al. “HIV-1 vaccination by needle-free oral injection induces strong mucosal immunity and protects against SHIV challenge.” Nat Commun 10, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 798. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08739-4.
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    • Phillips, Bonnie, Koen K. A. Van Rompay, Jennifer Rodriguez-Nieves, Clarisse Lorin, Marguerite Koutsoukos, Mark Tomai, Christopher B. Fox, et al. “Adjuvant-Dependent Enhancement of HIV Env-Specific Antibody Responses in Infant Rhesus Macaques.” J Virol 92, no. 20 (October 15, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01051-18.
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    • Mendoza, Pilar, Henning Gruell, Lilian Nogueira, Joy A. Pai, Allison L. Butler, Katrina Millard, Clara Lehmann, et al. “Combination therapy with anti-HIV-1 antibodies maintains viral suppression.” Nature 561, no. 7724 (September 2018): 479–84. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0531-2.
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    • Singh, Shakti, Eric G. Ramírez-Salazar, Rami Doueiri, Antonio Valentin, Margherita Rosati, Xintao Hu, Brandon F. Keele, et al. “Control of Heterologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsmE660 Infection by DNA and Protein Coimmunization Regimens Combined with Different Toll-Like-Receptor-4-Based Adjuvants in Macaques.” J Virol 92, no. 15 (August 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00281-18.
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    • Vaccari, Monica, Slim Fourati, Shari N. Gordon, Dallas R. Brown, Massimilano Bissa, Luca Schifanella, Isabela Silva de Castro, et al. “HIV vaccine candidate activation of hypoxia and the inflammasome in CD14+ monocytes is associated with a decreased risk of SIVmac251 acquisition.” Nat Med 24, no. 6 (June 2018): 847–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0025-7.
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    • Schiffner, Torben, Jesper Pallesen, Rebecca A. Russell, Jonathan Dodd, Natalia de Val, Celia C. LaBranche, David Montefiori, et al. “Structural and immunologic correlates of chemically stabilized HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins.” Plos Pathog 14, no. 5 (May 2018): e1006986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006986.
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    • Yates, Nicole L., Allan C. deCamp, Bette T. Korber, Hua-Xin Liao, Carmela Irene, Abraham Pinter, James Peacock, et al. “HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins from Diverse Clades Differentiate Antibody Responses and Durability among Vaccinees.” J Virol 92, no. 8 (April 15, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01843-17.
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    • Wills, Saintedym, Kwan-Ki Hwang, Pinghuang Liu, S Moses Dennison, Matthew Zirui Tay, Xiaoying Shen, Justin Pollara, et al. “HIV-1-Specific IgA Monoclonal Antibodies from an HIV-1 Vaccinee Mediate Galactosylceramide Blocking and Phagocytosis.” J Virol 92, no. 7 (April 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01552-17.
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    • Fong, Youyi, Xiaoying Shen, Vicki C. Ashley, Aaron Deal, Kelly E. Seaton, Chenchen Yu, Shannon P. Grant, et al. “Modification of the Association Between T-Cell Immune Responses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Risk by Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses in the HVTN 505 Trial.” J Infect Dis 217, no. 8 (March 28, 2018): 1280–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy008.
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    • Nguyen, Quang N., David R. Martinez, Jonathon E. Himes, R. Whitney Edwards, Qifeng Han, Amit Kumar, Riley Mangan, et al. “Predominant envelope variable loop 2-specific and gp120-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibody responses in acutely SIV-infected African green monkeys.” Retrovirology 15, no. 1 (March 9, 2018): 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12977-018-0406-5.
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    • Jones, Andrew T., Venkateswarlu Chamcha, Sannula Kesavardhana, Xiaoying Shen, David Beaumont, Raksha Das, Linda S. Wyatt, et al. “A Trimeric HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Immunogen Induces Potent and Broad Anti-V1V2 Loop Antibodies against HIV-1 in Rabbits and Rhesus Macaques.” J Virol 92, no. 5 (March 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01796-17.
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    • Blasi, Maria, Donatella Negri, Celia LaBranche, S Munir Alam, Erich J. Baker, Elizabeth C. Brunner, Morgan A. Gladden, et al. “IDLV-HIV-1 Env vaccination in non-human primates induces affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells.” Commun Biol 1 (2018): 134. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-018-0131-6.
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    • Wen, Yingxia, Hung V. Trinh, Christine E. Linton, Chiara Tani, Nathalie Norais, DeeAnn Martinez-Guzman, Priyanka Ramesh, et al. “Generation and characterization of a bivalent protein boost for future clinical trials: HIV-1 subtypes CR01_AE and B gp120 antigens with a potent adjuvant.” Plos One 13, no. 4 (2018): e0194266. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194266.
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    • Saunders, Kevin O., Laurent K. Verkoczy, Chuancang Jiang, Jinsong Zhang, Robert Parks, Haiyan Chen, Max Housman, et al. “Vaccine Induction of Heterologous Tier 2 HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies in Animal Models.” Cell Rep 21, no. 13 (December 26, 2017): 3681–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.028.
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    • Seaton, Kelly E., Nathan A. Vandergrift, Aaron W. Deal, Wes Rountree, John Bainbridge, Eduard Grebe, David A. Anderson, et al. “Computational analysis of antibody dynamics identifies recent HIV-1 infection.” Jci Insight 2, no. 24 (December 21, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.94355.
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    • Shen, Xiaoying, Rahul Basu, Sheetal Sawant, David Beaumont, Sue Fen Kwa, Celia LaBranche, Kelly E. Seaton, et al. “HIV-1 gp120 and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) gp140 Boost Immunogens Increase Immunogenicity of a DNA/MVA HIV-1 Vaccine.” J Virol 91, no. 24 (December 15, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01077-17.
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    • Phillips, Bonnie, Genevieve G. Fouda, Josh Eudailey, Justin Pollara, Alan D. Curtis, Erika Kunz, Maria Dennis, et al. “Impact of Poxvirus Vector Priming, Protein Coadministration, and Vaccine Intervals on HIV gp120 Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Magnitude and Function in Infant Macaques.” Clin Vaccine Immunol 24, no. 10 (October 2017). https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00231-17.
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    • Shen, Xiaoying, Willy M. Bogers, Nicole L. Yates, Guido Ferrari, Antu K. Dey, William T. Williams, Frederick H. Jaeger, et al. “Cross-Linking of a CD4-Mimetic Miniprotein with HIV-1 Env gp140 Alters Kinetics and Specificities of Antibody Responses against HIV-1 Env in Macaques.” J Virol 91, no. 19 (October 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00401-17.
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    • Bradley, Todd, Justin Pollara, Sampa Santra, Nathan Vandergrift, Srivamshi Pittala, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, Xiaoying Shen, et al. “Pentavalent HIV-1 vaccine protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge.” Nat Commun 8 (June 8, 2017): 15711. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15711.
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    • Zurawski, Gerard, Xiaoying Shen, Sandra Zurawski, Georgia D. Tomaras, David C. Montefiori, Mario Roederer, Guido Ferrari, et al. “Superiority in Rhesus Macaques of Targeting HIV-1 Env gp140 to CD40 versus LOX-1 in Combination with Replication-Competent NYVAC-KC for Induction of Env-Specific Antibody and T Cell Responses.” J Virol 91, no. 9 (May 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01596-16.
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    • Ferrari, Guido, Justin Pollara, Georgia D. Tomaras, and Barton F. Haynes. “Humoral and Innate Antiviral Immunity as Tools to Clear Persistent HIV Infection.” J Infect Dis 215, no. suppl_3 (March 15, 2017): S152–59. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw555.
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    • Wiehe, Kevin, Nathan I. Nicely, Bradley Lockwood, Masayuki Kuraoka, Kara Anasti, Sabrina Arora, Cindy M. Bowman, et al. “Immunodominance of Antibody Recognition of the HIV Envelope V2 Region in Ig-Humanized Mice.” J Immunol 198, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 1047–55. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1601640.
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    • Chang, WL William, Denise F. Gonzalez, Hung T. Kieu, Luis D. Castillo, Ilhem Messaoudi, Xiaoying Shen, Georgia D. Tomaras, Barbara L. Shacklett, Peter A. Barry, and Ellen E. Sparger. “Changes in Circulating B Cell Subsets Associated with Aging and Acute SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques.” Plos One 12, no. 1 (2017): e0170154. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170154.
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    • Tomaras, Georgia D., and Stanley A. Plotkin. “Complex immune correlates of protection in HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials.” Immunol Rev 275, no. 1 (January 2017): 245–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12514.
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    • deCamp, Allan C., Morgane Rolland, Paul T. Edlefsen, Eric Sanders-Buell, Breana Hall, Craig A. Magaret, Andrew J. Fiore-Gartland, et al. “Sieve analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 sequences in HVTN 505 identifies vaccine pressure targeting the CD4 binding site of Env-gp120.” Plos One 12, no. 11 (2017): e0185959. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185959.
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    • Negri, Donatella, Maria Blasi, Celia LaBranche, Robert Parks, Harikrishnan Balachandran, Michelle Lifton, Xiaoying Shen, et al. “Immunization with an SIV-based IDLV Expressing HIV-1 Env 1086 Clade C Elicits Durable Humoral and Cellular Responses in Rhesus Macaques.” Mol Ther 24, no. 11 (November 2016): 2021–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/mt.2016.123.
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    • Negri, D, Blasi, M, LaBranche, C, Parks, R, Balachandran, H, Lifton, M, Shen, X, Denny, T, Ferrari, G, Vescio, MF, Andersen, H, Montefiori, DC, Tomaras, GD, Liao, H-X, Santra, S, Haynes, BF, Klotman, ME, and Cara, A. "Immunization with an SIV-based IDLV Expressing HIV-1 Env 1086 Clade C Elicits Durable Humoral and Cellular Responses in Rhesus Macaques." MOLECULAR THERAPY 24, no. 11 (November 2016): 2021-2032.  Full Text  Open Access Copy  Link to Item
    • Gordon, Shari N., Namal P. M. Liyanage, Melvin N. Doster, Monica Vaccari, Diego A. Vargas-Inchaustegui, Poonam Pegu, Luca Schifanella, et al. “Boosting of ALVAC-SIV Vaccine-Primed Macaques with the CD4-SIVgp120 Fusion Protein Elicits Antibodies to V2 Associated with a Decreased Risk of SIVmac251 Acquisition.” J Immunol 197, no. 7 (October 1, 2016): 2726–37. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1600674.
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    • Iyer, Smita S., Sailaja Gangadhara, Blandine Victor, Xiaoying Shen, Xuemin Chen, Rafiq Nabi, Sudhir P. Kasturi, et al. “Virus-Like Particles Displaying Trimeric Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Envelope gp160 Enhance the Breadth of DNA/Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara SIV Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses in Rhesus Macaques.” J Virol 90, no. 19 (October 1, 2016): 8842–54. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01163-16.
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    • Townsley, Samantha, Zeinab Mohamed, Wenjin Guo, Jennifer McKenna, Brad Cleveland, Celia LaBranche, David Beaumont, et al. “Induction of Heterologous Tier 2 HIV-1-Neutralizing and Cross-Reactive V1/V2-Specific Antibodies in Rabbits by Prime-Boost Immunization.” J Virol 90, no. 19 (October 1, 2016): 8644–60. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00853-16.
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    • Abdulhaqq, S. A., C. Zorrilla, G. Kang, X. Yin, V. Tamayo, K. E. Seaton, J. Joseph, et al. “HIV-1-negative female sex workers sustain high cervical IFNɛ, low immune activation, and low expression of HIV-1-required host genes.” Mucosal Immunol 9, no. 4 (July 2016): 1027–38. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2015.116.
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    • Vaccari, Monica, Shari N. Gordon, Slim Fourati, Luca Schifanella, Namal P. M. Liyanage, Mark Cameron, Brandon F. Keele, et al. “Adjuvant-dependent innate and adaptive immune signatures of risk of SIVmac251 acquisition.” Nat Med 22, no. 7 (July 2016): 762–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4105.
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    • Li, Hui, Shuyi Wang, Rui Kong, Wenge Ding, Fang-Hua Lee, Zahra Parker, Eunlim Kim, et al. “Envelope residue 375 substitutions in simian-human immunodeficiency viruses enhance CD4 binding and replication in rhesus macaques.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113, no. 24 (June 14, 2016): E3413–22. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606636113.
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    • Le Grand, Roger, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Stefania Dispinseri, Leslie Gosse, Delphine Desjardins, Xiaoying Shen, Monica Tolazzi, et al. “Superior Efficacy of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Combined with Antiretroviral Prevention in Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Challenged Nonhuman Primates.” J Virol 90, no. 11 (June 1, 2016): 5315–28. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00230-16.
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    • Nelson, Cody S., Justin Pollara, Erika L. Kunz, Thomas L. Jeffries, Ryan Duffy, Charles Beck, Lisa Stamper, et al. “Combined HIV-1 Envelope Systemic and Mucosal Immunization of Lactating Rhesus Monkeys Induces a Robust Immunoglobulin A Isotype B Cell Response in Breast Milk.” J Virol 90, no. 10 (May 15, 2016): 4951–65. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00335-16.
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    • Walsh, Stephen R., Zoe Moodie, Andrew J. Fiore-Gartland, Cecilia Morgan, Marissa B. Wilck, Scott M. Hammer, Susan P. Buchbinder, et al. “Vaccination With Heterologous HIV-1 Envelope Sequences and Heterologous Adenovirus Vectors Increases T-Cell Responses to Conserved Regions: HVTN 083.” J Infect Dis 213, no. 4 (February 15, 2016): 541–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv496.
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    • Churchyard, Gavin, Koleka Mlisana, Shelly Karuna, Anna-Lise Williamson, Carolyn Williamson, Lynn Morris, Georgia D. Tomaras, et al. “Sequential Immunization with gp140 Boosts Immune Responses Primed by Modified Vaccinia Ankara or DNA in HIV-Uninfected South African Participants.” Plos One 11, no. 9 (2016): e0161753. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161753.
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    • Cosgrove, Catherine A., Charles J. Lacey, Alethea V. Cope, Angela Bartolf, Georgina Morris, Celine Yan, Susan Baden, et al. “Comparative Immunogenicity of HIV-1 gp140 Vaccine Delivered by Parenteral, and Mucosal Routes in Female Volunteers; MUCOVAC2, A Randomized Two Centre Study.” Plos One 11, no. 5 (2016): e0152038. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152038.
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    • Sajadi, Mohammad M., Maham Farshidpour, Eric P. Brown, Xin Ouyang, Michael S. Seaman, Marzena Pazgier, Margaret E. Ackerman, et al. “λ Light Chain Bias Associated With Enhanced Binding and Function of Anti-HIV Env Glycoprotein Antibodies.” J Infect Dis 213, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 156–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv448.
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    • Zurawski, Gerard, Sandra Zurawski, Anne-Laure Flamar, Laura Richert, Ralf Wagner, Georgia D. Tomaras, David C. Montefiori, et al. “Targeting HIV-1 Env gp140 to LOX-1 Elicits Immune Responses in Rhesus Macaques.” Plos One 11, no. 4 (2016): e0153484. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153484.
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    • Cubas, Rafael, Julien van Grevenynghe, Saintedym Wills, Lela Kardava, Brian H. Santich, Clarisa M. Buckner, Roshell Muir, et al. “Reversible Reprogramming of Circulating Memory T Follicular Helper Cell Function during Chronic HIV Infection.” J Immunol 195, no. 12 (December 15, 2015): 5625–36. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1501524.
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    • García-Arriaza, Juan, Beatriz Perdiguero, Jonathan Heeney, Michael Seaman, David C. Montefiori, Celia Labranche, Nicole L. Yates, et al. “Head-to-Head Comparison of Poxvirus NYVAC and ALVAC Vectors Expressing Identical HIV-1 Clade C Immunogens in Prime-Boost Combination with Env Protein in Nonhuman Primates.” J Virol 89, no. 16 (August 2015): 8525–39. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01265-15.
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    • Santra, Sampa, Georgia D. Tomaras, Ranjit Warrier, Nathan I. Nicely, Hua-Xin Liao, Justin Pollara, Pinghuang Liu, et al. “Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques.” Plos Pathog 11, no. 8 (August 2015): e1005042. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005042.
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    • Shen, Xiaoying, Ryan Duffy, Robert Howington, Alethea Cope, Shanmugalakshmi Sadagopal, Haesun Park, Ranajit Pal, et al. “Vaccine-Induced Linear Epitope-Specific Antibodies to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Envelope Are Distinct from Those Induced to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope in Nonhuman Primates.” J Virol 89, no. 16 (August 2015): 8643–50. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03635-14.
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    • Prentice, Heather A., Georgia D. Tomaras, Daniel E. Geraghty, Richard Apps, Youyi Fong, Philip K. Ehrenberg, Morgane Rolland, et al. “HLA class II genes modulate vaccine-induced antibody responses to affect HIV-1 acquisition.” Sci Transl Med 7, no. 296 (July 15, 2015): 296ra112. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aab4005.
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    • Kwa, Suefen, Shanmugalakshmi Sadagopal, Xiaoying Shen, Jung Joo Hong, Sailaja Gangadhara, Rahul Basu, Blandine Victor, et al. “CD40L-adjuvanted DNA/modified vaccinia virus Ankara simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine enhances protection against neutralization-resistant mucosal SIV infection.” J Virol 89, no. 8 (April 2015): 4690–95. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03527-14.
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    • Bogers, Willy M., Herman Oostermeijer, Petra Mooij, Gerrit Koopman, Ernst J. Verschoor, David Davis, Jeffrey B. Ulmer, et al. “Potent immune responses in rhesus macaques induced by nonviral delivery of a self-amplifying RNA vaccine expressing HIV type 1 envelope with a cationic nanoemulsion.” J Infect Dis 211, no. 6 (March 15, 2015): 947–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu522.
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    • Fouda, Genevieve G., Coleen K. Cunningham, Elizabeth J. McFarland, William Borkowsky, Petronella Muresan, Justin Pollara, Lin Ye Song, et al. “Infant HIV type 1 gp120 vaccination elicits robust and durable anti-V1V2 immunoglobulin G responses and only rare envelope-specific immunoglobulin A responses.” J Infect Dis 211, no. 4 (February 15, 2015): 508–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu444.
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    • Bart, Pierre-Alexandre, Yunda Huang, Shelly T. Karuna, Samuel Chappuis, Julien Gaillard, Nidhi Kochar, Xiaoying Shen, et al. “HIV-specific humoral responses benefit from stronger prime in phase Ib clinical trial.” J Clin Invest 124, no. 11 (November 2014): 4843–56. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI75894.
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    • Stieh, Daniel J., Deborah F. King, Katja Klein, Pinghuang Liu, Xiaoying Shen, Kwan Ki Hwang, Guido Ferrari, et al. “Aggregate complexes of HIV-1 induced by multimeric antibodies.” Retrovirology 11 (October 2, 2014): 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12977-014-0078-8.
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    • Liu, Pinghuang, Latonya D. Williams, Xiaoying Shen, Mattia Bonsignori, Nathan A. Vandergrift, R Glenn Overman, M Anthony Moody, et al. “Capacity for infectious HIV-1 virion capture differs by envelope antibody specificity.” J Virol 88, no. 9 (May 2014): 5165–70. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03765-13.
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    • Jalah, Rashmi, Viraj Kulkarni, Vainav Patel, Margherita Rosati, Candido Alicea, Jenifer Bear, Lei Yu, et al. “DNA and protein co-immunization improves the magnitude and longevity of humoral immune responses in macaques.” Plos One 9, no. 3 (2014): e91550. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091550.
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    • Roederer, M., B. F. Keele, S. D. Schmidt, R. D. Mason, H. C. Welles, W. Fischer, C. Labranche, et al. “Immunological and virological mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection against SIV and HIV.” Nature 505, no. 7484 (January 1, 2014): 502–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12893.
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    • Seaton, Kelly E., Lamar Ballweber, Audrey Lan, Michele Donathan, Sean Hughes, Lucia Vojtech, M Anthony Moody, et al. “HIV-1 specific IgA detected in vaginal secretions of HIV uninfected women participating in a microbicide trial in Southern Africa are primarily directed toward gp120 and gp140 specificities.” Plos One 9, no. 7 (2014): e101863. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101863.
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    • Kulkarni, Viraj, Margherita Rosati, Antonio Valentin, Rashmi Jalah, Candido Alicea, Lei Yu, Yongjun Guan, et al. “Vaccination with Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIV DNA induces long-lasting humoral immune responses able to reduce SIVmac251 Viremia.” Hum Vaccin Immunother 9, no. 10 (October 2013): 2069–80. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.25442.
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    • Imholte, Greg C., Renan Sauteraud, Bette Korber, Robert T. Bailer, Ellen T. Turk, Xiaoying Shen, Georgia D. Tomaras, et al. “A computational framework for the analysis of peptide microarray antibody binding data with application to HIV vaccine profiling.” J Immunol Methods 395, no. 1–2 (September 30, 2013): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2013.06.001.
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    • Schiffner, T., L. Kong, C. J. A. Duncan, J. W. Back, J. J. Benschop, X. Shen, P. S. Huang, et al. “Immune focusing and enhanced neutralization induced by HIV-1 gp140 chemical cross-linking.” J Virol 87, no. 18 (September 2013): 10163–72. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01161-13.
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    • Liu, Pinghuang, Nicole L. Yates, Xiaoying Shen, Mattia Bonsignori, M Anthony Moody, Hua-Xin Liao, Youyi Fong, et al. “Infectious virion capture by HIV-1 gp120-specific IgG from RV144 vaccinees.” J Virol 87, no. 14 (July 2013): 7828–36. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02737-12.
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    • Tomaras, Georgia D., Guido Ferrari, Xiaoying Shen, S Munir Alam, Hua-Xin Liao, Justin Pollara, Mattia Bonsignori, et al. “Vaccine-induced plasma IgA specific for the C1 region of the HIV-1 envelope blocks binding and effector function of IgG.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110, no. 22 (May 28, 2013): 9019–24. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301456110.
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    • Patel, Vainav, Rashmi Jalah, Viraj Kulkarni, Antonio Valentin, Margherita Rosati, Candido Alicea, Agneta von Gegerfelt, et al. “DNA and virus particle vaccination protects against acquisition and confers control of viremia upon heterologous simian immunodeficiency virus challenge.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110, no. 8 (February 19, 2013): 2975–80. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215393110.
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    • Gottardo, Raphael, Robert T. Bailer, Bette T. Korber, S. Gnanakaran, Joshua Phillips, Xiaoying Shen, Georgia D. Tomaras, et al. “Plasma IgG to linear epitopes in the V2 and V3 regions of HIV-1 gp120 correlate with a reduced risk of infection in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial.” Plos One 8, no. 9 (2013): e75665. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075665.
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    • Zolla-Pazner, Susan, Allan C. deCamp, Timothy Cardozo, Nicos Karasavvas, Raphael Gottardo, Constance Williams, Daryl E. Morris, et al. “Analysis of V2 antibody responses induced in vaccinees in the ALVAC/AIDSVAX HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial.” Plos One 8, no. 1 (2013): e53629. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053629.
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    • Karasavvas, Nicos, Erik Billings, Mangala Rao, Constance Williams, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Robert T. Bailer, Richard A. Koup, et al. “The Thai Phase III HIV Type 1 Vaccine trial (RV144) regimen induces antibodies that target conserved regions within the V2 loop of gp120.” Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 28, no. 11 (November 2012): 1444–57. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2012.0103.
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    • Haynes, Barton F., Peter B. Gilbert, M Juliana McElrath, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Georgia D. Tomaras, S Munir Alam, David T. Evans, et al. “Immune-correlates analysis of an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial.” N Engl J Med 366, no. 14 (April 5, 2012): 1275–86. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1113425.
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    • Tomaras, Georgia D., James M. Binley, Elin S. Gray, Emma T. Crooks, Keiko Osawa, Penny L. Moore, Nancy Tumba, et al. “Polyclonal B cell responses to conserved neutralization epitopes in a subset of HIV-1-infected individuals.” J Virol 85, no. 21 (November 2011): 11502–19. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.05363-11.
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    • Zhu, Zhongyu, Haiyan Rebekah Qin, Weizao Chen, Qi Zhao, Xiaoying Shen, Robert Schutte, Yanping Wang, et al. “Cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies identified from a patient with 2F5-like antibodies.” J Virol 85, no. 21 (November 2011): 11401–8. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.05312-11.
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    • Fouda, Genevieve G., Nicole L. Yates, Justin Pollara, Xiaoying Shen, Glenn R. Overman, Tatenda Mahlokozera, Andrew B. Wilks, et al. “HIV-specific functional antibody responses in breast milk mirror those in plasma and are primarily mediated by IgG antibodies.” J Virol 85, no. 18 (September 2011): 9555–67. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.05174-11.
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    • Spearman, Paul, Michelle A. Lally, Marnie Elizaga, David Montefiori, Georgia D. Tomaras, M Juliana McElrath, John Hural, et al. “A trimeric, V2-deleted HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine elicits potent neutralizing antibodies but limited breadth of neutralization in human volunteers.” J Infect Dis 203, no. 8 (April 15, 2011): 1165–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiq175.
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    • Shen, Xiaoying, and Georgia D. Tomaras. “Alterations of the B-cell response by HIV-1 replication.” Curr Hiv/Aids Rep 8, no. 1 (March 2011): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-010-0064-2.
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    • Dennison, S Moses, Laura L. Sutherland, Frederick H. Jaeger, Kara M. Anasti, Robert Parks, Shelley Stewart, Cindy Bowman, et al. “Induction of antibodies in rhesus macaques that recognize a fusion-intermediate conformation of HIV-1 gp41.” Plos One 6, no. 11 (2011): e27824. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027824.
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    • Liu, Jinyan, Brandon F. Keele, Hui Li, Sheila Keating, Philip J. Norris, Angela Carville, Keith G. Mansfield, et al. “Low-dose mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus infection restricts early replication kinetics and transmitted virus variants in rhesus monkeys.” J Virol 84, no. 19 (October 2010): 10406–12. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01155-10.
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    • Haynes, Barton F., Hua-Xin Liao, and Georgia D. Tomaras. “Is developing an HIV-1 vaccine possible?” Curr Opin Hiv Aids 5, no. 5 (September 2010): 362–67. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0b013e32833d2e90.
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    • Tomaras, Georgia D., and Barton F. Haynes. “Strategies for eliciting HIV-1 inhibitory antibodies.” Curr Opin Hiv Aids 5, no. 5 (September 2010): 421–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0b013e32833d2d45.
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    • Shen, Xiaoying, S Moses Dennison, Pinghuang Liu, Feng Gao, Frederick Jaeger, David C. Montefiori, Laurent Verkoczy, Barton F. Haynes, S Munir Alam, and Georgia D. Tomaras. “Prolonged exposure of the HIV-1 gp41 membrane proximal region with L669S substitution.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, no. 13 (March 30, 2010): 5972–77. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912381107.
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    • Bonsignori, Mattia, M Anthony Moody, Robert J. Parks, T Matt Holl, Garnett Kelsoe, Charles B. Hicks, Nathan Vandergrift, Georgia D. Tomaras, and Barton F. Haynes. “HIV-1 envelope induces memory B cell responses that correlate with plasma antibody levels after envelope gp120 protein vaccination or HIV-1 infection.” J Immunol 183, no. 4 (August 15, 2009): 2708–17. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0901068.
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    • Levesque, Marc C., M Anthony Moody, Kwan-Ki Hwang, Dawn J. Marshall, John F. Whitesides, Joshua D. Amos, Thaddeus C. Gurley, et al. “Polyclonal B cell differentiation and loss of gastrointestinal tract germinal centers in the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection.” Plos Med 6, no. 7 (July 7, 2009): e1000107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000107.
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    • Maksaereekul, Saipiroon, Robert A. Dubie, Xiaoying Shen, Hung Kieu, Gregg A. Dean, and Ellen E. Sparger. “Vaccination with vif-deleted feline immunodeficiency virus provirus, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha plasmids preserves global CD4 T lymphocyte function after challenge with FIV.” Vaccine 27, no. 28 (June 8, 2009): 3754–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.081.
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    • Miller, Heather B., Kevin O. Saunders, Georgia D. Tomaras, and Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco. “Tat-SF1 is not required for Tat transactivation but does regulate the relative levels of unspliced and spliced HIV-1 RNAs.” Plos One 4, no. 5 (May 27, 2009): e5710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005710.
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    • Lambotte, Olivier, Guido Ferrari, Christiane Moog, Nicole L. Yates, Hua-Xin Liao, Robert J. Parks, Charles B. Hicks, et al. “Heterogeneous neutralizing antibody and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity responses in HIV-1 elite controllers.” Aids 23, no. 8 (May 15, 2009): 897–906. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328329f97d.
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    • Shen, Xiaoying, Robert J. Parks, David C. Montefiori, Jennifer L. Kirchherr, Brandon F. Keele, Julie M. Decker, William A. Blattner, et al. “In vivo gp41 antibodies targeting the 2F5 monoclonal antibody epitope mediate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization breadth.” J Virol 83, no. 8 (April 2009): 3617–25. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02631-08.
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    • Shen, Xiaoying, Christian M. Leutenegger, Kelly Stefano Cole, Niels C. Pedersen, and Ellen E. Sparger. “A feline immunodeficiency virus vif-deletion mutant remains attenuated upon infection of newborn kittens.” J Gen Virol 88, no. Pt 10 (October 2007): 2793–99. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83268-0.
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    • Tomaras, Georgia D., Xiaoying Shen, and Michael L. Greenberg. “Antibody responses and virus escape: implications for HIV-1 vaccine and therapeutic design.” Future Virology 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.2217/17460794.1.1.79.
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    • Safrit, Jeffrey T., Georgia D. Tomaras, Tomáš Hanke, Allan C. deCamp, and Yegor Voronin. “The Landscape of Targeted Immune Responses in the HIV-1 Vaccine Field.” Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 32, no. 10–11 (n.d.): 944–46. https://doi.org/10.1089/AID.2016.0120.
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  • Conference Papers

    • Shen, Xiaoying, Zoe Moodie, Arthur McMillan, Derrick Goodman, Nicole Yates, Rachel Spreng, Nicole Grunenberg, et al. “V1V2 IgG and Antibody Fc Effector Functions in a Subtype C ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in South Africa.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 34:17–17. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2018.
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    • Sparger, Ellen, William Chang, Jesse Deere, Hung Kieu, Diego Castillo, Shelley Blozis, Jeffrey Lifson, et al. “Impact of a TLR-5 Ligand as Adjuvant on Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a RhCMV-SIV Vaccine.” In Journal of Medical Primatology, 47:313–14. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Vaccari, Monica, Slim Fourati, Shari Gordon, Massimiliano Bissa, Luca Schifanella, Monica Silva de Castro, Trinh Hung, et al. “Vaccine-induced Activation of Inflammasome in Classical Monocytes and Th2 Cell Responses Correlates With Decreased Risk of SIVmac251 Acquisition.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 34:73–73. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2018.
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    • Williams, LaTonya, Matthew Zirui Tay, Xiaoying Shen, Sheetal Sawant, Lindsay Dahora, Nicole Yates, David Easterhoff, et al. “Delayed and Repetitive Boosting of RV144 Vaccinees Improves Antiviral Immunity Associated With Correlates of HIV-1 Infection Risk.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 34:88–88. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2018.
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    • Shen, Xiaoying, Rahul Basu, Suefen Kwa, Celia Labranche, David Beaumont, Guido Ferrari, Linda Wyatt, et al. “MVA-expressed gp140 Boosts More Durable V1/V2 and gp120 Antibody Responses than gp120 Protein in Alum.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 32:59–59. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2016.
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    • Valentin, Antonio, Jinyao Li, Rashmi Jalah, Vainav Patel, Margherita Rosati, Viraj Kulkarni, Candido Alicea, et al. “DNA AND PROTEIN CO-IMMUNIZATION IMPROVES THE MAGNITUDE, LONGEVITY, AND MUCOSAL DISSEMINATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES.” In Journal of Medical Primatology, 44:341–341. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015.
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    • Fourati, S., M. Vaccari, S. N. Gordon, L. Schifanella, M. Cameron, B. F. Keele, X. Shen, et al. “Modulation of RAS Pathways as a Biomarker of Protection against HIV and as a Means to Improve Vaccine Efficacy.” In Aids Res Hum Retroviruses, 30 Suppl 1:A99, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2014.5182b.abstract.
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    • Pavlakis, G. N., J. Li, A. Valentin, R. Jalah, V. Patel, M. Rosati, V. Kulkarni, et al. “DNA and Protein Co-immunization Improves the Magnitude, Longevity, and Mucosal Dissemination of Immune Responses.” In Aids Res Hum Retroviruses, 30 Suppl 1:A63–64, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2014.5115.abstract.
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    • Schifanella, Luca, Nicolo Binello, Monica Vaccari, Shari N. Gordon, Francesca Caccuri, Matthew Blackburn, Melvin Doster, et al. “Plasmablast Phenotype and Mucosal Antibodies to V2 in Vaccine-induced Protection Against SIVmac251.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 30:A20–A20. Mary Ann Liebert Inc, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2014.5024.abstract.
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    • Shen, Xiaoying, William Williams, Nicole Yates, Joe Francica, Keith Reimann, David Montefiori, Julie McElrath, Robert Seder, and Georgia Tomaras. “HIV ENV-SPECIFIC IGG3 RESPONSES ARE DIFFERENTIALLY ELICITED IN NONHUMAN PRIMATE BY ENV VACCINES WITH DIFFERENT ADJUVANTS.” In Journal of Medical Primatology, 43:421–421. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014.
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    • Vaccari, M., S. N. Gordon, S. Fourati, L. Schifanella, M. Cameron, B. F. Keele, X. Shen, et al. “Adjuvant Dependent Mucosal V2 Responses and RAS Activation in Vaccine Induced Protection from SIVmac251 Acquisition.” In Aids Res Hum Retroviruses, 30 Suppl 1:A64–65, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2014.5117.abstract.
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    • Blasi, M., D. Negri, S. Santra, R. Parks, X. Shen, G. Tomaras, S. Permar, et al. “A Single Immunization with Integrase Defective Lentiviral Vector Expressing gp140 Induces Persistent and Functional Immune Response in Rhesus Monkeys.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 29:A161–A161. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2013.
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    • Gordon, S. N., M. Vaccari, M. N. Doster, N. P. Liyanage, P. Pegu, L. Schifanella, F. Caccuri, et al. “Priming with Adenovirus26 Vaccines Affects ALVAC-SIV/gp120 Vaccine Efficacy Tested in a SIVmac251 Challenge Model Performed One-Month Post-Vaccination.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 29:A39–A39. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2013.
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    • Schifanella, L., S. Gordon, M. Vaccari, N. Binello, F. Caccuri, M. Blackburn, C. Fenizia, et al. “MF59 and ALUM, in Combination with an ALVAC-SIV/gp120 Vaccine, Induce Plasmablasts that Differ in the Expression of Homing Markers.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 29:A13–A13. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2013.
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    • Shen, X., R. Howington, H. Park, S. Sadagopal, S. Kwa, A. Cope, S. Ding, et al. “Vaccine Induced Epitope Specific Antibodies to the SIV Envelope Are Distinct from Those Induced to the HIV-1 Envelope.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 29:A10–11. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2013.
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    • Vaccari, M., S. N. Gordon, M. Doster, N. Liynage, P. Pegu, L. Schifanella, B. F. Keele, et al. “Protection from SIVmac251 Acquisition by an ALVAC/SIV/gp120 Regimen Is Not Improved by the Increase of Anti-Envelope Antibodies and T Cell Responses.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 29:A34–A34. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2013.
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    • Zhu, Z., H. R. Qin, W. Chen, Q. Zhao, X. Shen, R. Schutte, Y. Wang, et al. “2F5-like Cross-Reactive HIV-1-Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies with Low Number of Somatic Mutations.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 27:A9–A9. MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2011.
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    • Tomaras, G., J. Binley, E. Gray, X. Shen, P. Moore, J. Decker, N. Yates, et al. “Epitope Specificities of Elite Neutralizing Sera from HIV-1-Infected Individuals.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 26:A24–A24. MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2010.
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    • Yates, N., X. Shen, P. Liu, S. Barnett, P. Spearman, S. Lu, G. Ferrari, et al. “Vaccine-Elicited IgG Subclasses and Functional Antibodies.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 26:A157–A157. MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2010.
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    • Zhu, Z., H. R. Qin, W. Chen, Q. Zhao, G. Fouda, R. Schutte, X. Shen, et al. “New broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies targeting the 2F5 epitope.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 26:A14–15. MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2010.
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    • Munshaw, S., H. Liao, A. Dixon, X. Chen, A. Nagel, K. Derosa, R. Parks, et al. “S021-04 OA. A large-scale analysis of immunoglobulin sequences derived from plasmablasts/plasma cells in acute HIV-1 infection subjects.” In Retrovirology, Vol. 6, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-6-S3-O4.
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    • Robinson, H. L., R. R. Amara, L. Lai, Y. Xu, S. De Rosa, O. Defawe, A. Sato, et al. “P19-58 LB. Comparison of the immunogenicity in humans and rhesus macaques of vaccines consisting of DNA priming and MVA boosting and MVA priming and boosting.” In Retrovirology, Vol. 6, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-6-S3-P422.
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    • Shen, X., M. Dennison, F. Gao, D. C. Montefiori, L. Verkoczy, B. Haynes, M. Alam, and G. Tomaras. “OA021-04. HIV-1 gp41 envelope MPER mutation altered epitope conformation in lipid and increased sensitivity to 2F5 and 4E10 neutralizing antibodies.” In Retrovirology, Vol. 6, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-6-S3-O16.
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    • Freel, S. A., P. K. Chattopadhyay, L. Lamoreaux, D. Zarkowsky, R. G. Overman, C. Ochsenbauer-Jambor, J. C. Kappes, et al. “Phenotypic analyses of CD8+T cells that mediate virus inhibition from HIV-1 vaccinees and HIV-1+virus controllers.” In Retrovirology, Vol. 6, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-6-S3-O1.
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    • Shen, X., D. Montefiori, R. Parks, B. F. Haynes, and G. T. Tomaras. “2F5-Like Antibody Identified from an HIV-Infected Patient Concurrent with the Development of Autoimmune Antibodies.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 24:53–54. MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2008.
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