Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Fellow, Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine 2008 - 2010
  • Resident, Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine 2005 - 2008
  • M.D., Wake Forest University 2005
• 

  Duke Appointment History

  • Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2016 - 2019
  • Medical Instructor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2011 - 2016
  • Clinical Associate in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2010 - 2011
• Recognition
• 

  In the News

  • SEP 26, 2018

    Duke Health News

    New Way of Determining Treatment for Staph Infections Cuts Antibiotic Use
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • Increasing the Quality and Efficiency of Clinical Trials (U18) awarded by Food and Drug Administration 2014 - 2024
  • CEC Activities for BPR-CS-009 Ceftobiprole medocaril - WO2 2018 - 2021
  • Vaccine Trial_LOI 2019 - 2021
  • CEC Activities for BPR-CS-009 Ceftobiprole medocaril 2017 - 2020
  • Bacteremia Modification 14 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2017
  • Mod 11 for Option 3 - Staphylococcal Bacteremia Study awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2017
  • Modification No 13 Staphylococcal Bacteremia Study awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2017
  • ACHN-490-007 Trial 2016 - 2017
  • Modification No. 8 - Staphylococcal Bacteremia Study awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2016
  • Modification No. 5 - Staphylococcal Bacteremia Study awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2015
  • Staphylococcal Bacteremia Study awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2012
• 

  External Relationships

  • Basilea
  • Genentech, Inc (Roche Holding)
  • Karius, Inc.
  • Motif Biosciences
  • Theravance
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Shelburne, S. A., R. W. Dib, B. T. Endres, R. Reitzel, X. Li, A. Kalia, P. Sahasrabhojane, et al. “Whole-genome sequencing of Staphylococcus epidermidis bloodstream isolates from a prospective clinical trial reveals that complicated bacteraemia is caused by a limited number of closely related sequence types.” Clin Microbiol Infect, October 19, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.008.
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    • Aliberti, Stefano, Grayden S. Cook, Bettina L. Babu, Luis F. Reyes, Alejandro H Rodriguez, Francisco Sanz, Nilam J. Soni, et al. “International prevalence and risk factors evaluation for drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia.” J Infect 79, no. 4 (October 2019): 300–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2019.07.004.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., and Joshua S. Davis. “Combination Therapy for MRSA Bacteremia: To β or Not to β?” Clin Infect Dis, August 12, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz750.
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    • Lodise, Thomas P., Susan L. Rosenkranz, Matthew Finnemeyer, Scott Evans, Matthew Sims, Marcus J. Zervos, C Buddy Creech, et al. “The Emperor's New Clothes: Prospective Observational Evaluation of the Association between Initial Vancomycin Exposure and Failure Rates among Adult Hospitalized Patients with MRSA Bloodstream Infections (PROVIDE).” Clin Infect Dis, June 3, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz460.
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    • Evans, Scott R., Dean Follmann, Ying Liu, Thomas Holland, Sarah B. Doernberg, Nadine Rouphael, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, et al. “Sequential, Multiple-Assignment, Randomized Trials for COMparing Personalized Antibiotic StrategieS (SMART-COMPASS).” Clin Infect Dis 68, no. 11 (May 17, 2019): 1961–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy912.
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    • Doernberg, Sarah B., Thuy Tien Tram Tran, Steven Y. C. Tong, Mical Paul, Dafna Yahav, Joshua S. Davis, Leonard Leibovici, et al. “Good Studies Evaluate the Disease While Great Studies Evaluate the Patient: Development and Application of a Desirability of Outcome Ranking Endpoint for Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection.” Clin Infect Dis 68, no. 10 (May 2, 2019): 1691–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy766.
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    • Di Pasquale, Marta Francesca, Giovanni Sotgiu, Andrea Gramegna, Dejan Radovanovic, Silvia Terraneo, Luis F. Reyes, Jan Rupp, et al. “Prevalence and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients.” Clin Infect Dis 68, no. 9 (April 24, 2019): 1482–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy723.
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    • Turner, Nicholas A., Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel, Stacey A. Maskarinec, Emily M. Eichenberger, Pratik P. Shah, Manuela Carugati, Thomas L. Holland, and Vance G. Fowler. “Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research.” Nat Rev Microbiol 17, no. 4 (April 2019): 203–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0147-4.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., Henry F. Chambers, Helen W. Boucher, G Ralph Corey, Rebecca Coleman, Bibiana Castaneda-Ruiz, and Vance G. Fowler. “Considerations for Clinical Trials of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection in Adults.” Clin Infect Dis 68, no. 5 (February 15, 2019): 865–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy774.
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    • Huang, David B., Sophie Magnet, Stefania De Angelis, Thomas L. Holland, Thomas M. File, Matthew Dryden, G Ralph Corey, Antoni Torres, and Mark H. Wilcox. “Surveillance of iclaprim activity: in vitro susceptibility of Gram-positive skin infection pathogens collected from 2015 to 2016 from North America and Europe.” Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 93, no. 2 (February 2019): 154–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.09.002.
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    • Radovanovic, Dejan, Giovanni Sotgiu, Mateja Jankovic, Padukudru Anand Mahesh, Pedro Jorge Marcos, Mohamed I. Abdalla, Marta Francesca Di Pasquale, et al. “An international perspective on hospitalized patients with viral community-acquired pneumonia.” Eur J Intern Med 60 (February 2019): 54–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2018.10.020.
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    • Villafuerte, D., S. Aliberti, N. J. Soni, P. Faverio, P. J. Marcos, R. G. Wunderink, A. Rodriguez, et al. “Prevalence and risk factors for Enterobacteriaceae in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.” Respirology, January 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.13663.
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    • Corneli, Amy, Brian Perry, Deborah Collyar, John H. Powers, John J. Farley, Sara B. Calvert, Jonas Santiago, et al. “Assessment of the Perceived Acceptability of an Early Enrollment Strategy Using Advance Consent in Health Care-Associated Pneumonia.” Jama Netw Open 1, no. 8 (December 7, 2018): e185816. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5816.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., Issam Raad, Helen W. Boucher, Deverick J. Anderson, Sara E. Cosgrove, P Suzanne Aycock, John W. Baddley, et al. “Effect of Algorithm-Based Therapy vs Usual Care on Clinical Success and Serious Adverse Events in Patients with Staphylococcal Bacteremia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Jama 320, no. 12 (September 25, 2018): 1249–58. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.13155.
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    • Huang, David B., G Ralph Corey, Thomas L. Holland, Thomas Lodise, William O’Riordan, Mark H. Wilcox, Thomas M. File, et al. “Pooled analysis of the phase 3 REVIVE trials: randomised, double-blind studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of iclaprim versus vancomycin for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections.” Int J Antimicrob Agents 52, no. 2 (August 2018): 233–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.012.
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    • Restrepo, Marcos I., Bettina L. Babu, Luis F. Reyes, James D. Chalmers, Nilam J. Soni, Oriol Sibila, Paola Faverio, et al. “Burden and risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa community-acquired pneumonia: a multinational point prevalence study of hospitalised patients.” Eur Respir J 52, no. 2 (August 2018). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01190-2017.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., William O’Riordan, Alison McManus, Elliot Shin, Ali Borghei, Thomas M. File, Mark H. Wilcox, et al. “A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study To Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Iclaprim versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections Suspected or Confirmed To Be Due to Gram-Positive Pathogens (REVIVE-2 Study).” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62, no. 5 (May 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02580-17.
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    • Huang, David B., William O’Riordan, J Scott Overcash, Barry Heller, Faisal Amin, Thomas M. File, Mark H. Wilcox, et al. “A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Iclaprim Vs Vancomycin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections Suspected or Confirmed to be Due to Gram-Positive Pathogens: REVIVE-1.” Clin Infect Dis 66, no. 8 (April 3, 2018): 1222–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix987.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., and Vance G. Fowler. “Rifampicin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: give it ARREST.” Lancet 391, no. 10121 (February 17, 2018): 634–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33294-4.
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    • Huang, D. B., C. D. Strader, J. S. MacDonald, M. VanArendonk, R. Peck, and T. Holland. “An updated review of iclaprim: A potent and rapidly bactericidal antibiotic for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections and nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram-positive including multidrug-resistant bacteria.” Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, no. 2 (February 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy003.
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    • Stergiopoulos, Stella, Sara B. Calvert, Carrie A. Brown, Josephine Awatin, Pamela Tenaerts, Thomas L. Holland, Joseph A. DiMasi, and Kenneth A. Getz. “Cost Drivers of a Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia Phase 3 Clinical Trial.” Clin Infect Dis 66, no. 1 (January 6, 2018): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix726.
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    • Neuss, Michael James, and Thomas Lawrence Holland. “Digital ischaemia after intra-arterial drug injection.” Bmj Case Rep 2017 (September 25, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2017-222141.
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    • Clifton, Dana C., Meredith E. Clement, Thomas L. Holland, Gary M. Cox, Kristen V. Dicks, and Jason E. Stout. “Suboptimal HIV Testing Among Patients Admitted With Pneumonia: A Missed Opportunity.” Aids Educ Prev 29, no. 4 (August 2017): 377–88. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2017.29.4.377.
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    • Doernberg, Sarah B., Thomas P. Lodise, Joshua T. Thaden, Jose M. Munita, Sara E. Cosgrove, Cesar A. Arias, Helen W. Boucher, et al. “Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections: Research Priorities, Accomplishments, and Future Directions of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group.” Clin Infect Dis 64, no. suppl_1 (March 15, 2017): S24–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw828.
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    • Bergin, Stephen P., Thomas L. Holland, Vance G. Fowler, and Steven Y. C. Tong. “Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Infective Endocarditis Associated with Staphylococcus aureus.” Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 409 (2017): 263–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2015_5001.
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    • Masika, Wechuli Geoffrey, Wendy Prudhomme O’Meara, Thomas L. Holland, and Janice Armstrong. “Contribution of urinary tract infection to the burden of febrile illnesses in young children in rural Kenya.” Plos One 12, no. 3 (2017): e0174199. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174199.
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    • Aliberti, Stefano, Luis F. Reyes, Paola Faverio, Giovanni Sotgiu, Simone Dore, Alejandro H. Rodriguez, Nilam J. Soni, Marcos I. Restrepo, and Marcos I. GLIMP investigators. “Global initiative for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (GLIMP): an international, observational cohort study.” Lancet Infect Dis 16, no. 12 (December 2016): 1364–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30267-5.
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    • Lumsden, Rebecca H., Constantine Akwanalo, Stella Chepkwony, Anne Kithei, Vincent Omollo, Thomas L. Holland, Gerald S. Bloomfield, and Wendy P. O’Meara. “Clinical and geographic patterns of rheumatic heart disease in outpatients attending cardiology clinic in western Kenya.” Int J Cardiol 223 (November 15, 2016): 228–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.069.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., Stephen Mikita, Diane Bloom, Jamie Roberts, Jonathan McCall, Deborah Collyar, Jonas Santiago, Rosemary Tiernan, and Joseph Toerner. “Patient and physician attitudes regarding risk and benefit in streamlined development programmes for antibacterial drugs: a qualitative analysis.” Bmj Open 6, no. 11 (November 10, 2016): e013561. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013561.
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    • Deck, Daniel H., Jennifer M. Jordan, Thomas L. Holland, Weihong Fan, Matthew A. Wikler, Katherine A. Sulham, and G. Ralph Corey. “Single-Dose Oritavancin Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: SOLO Trial Efficacy by Eron Severity and Management Setting.” Infect Dis Ther 5, no. 3 (September 2016): 353–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-016-0119-9.
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    • Deck, Daniel H., Jennifer M. Jordan, Thomas L. Holland, Weihong Fan, Matthew A. Wikler, Katherine A. Sulham, and G. Ralph Corey. “Erratum to: Single-Dose Oritavancin Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: SOLO Trial Efficacy by Eron Severity and Management Setting.” Infect Dis Ther 5, no. 3 (September 2016): 363–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-016-0127-9.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., Larry M. Baddour, Arnold S. Bayer, Bruno Hoen, Jose M. Miro, and Vance G. Fowler. “Infective endocarditis.” Nat Rev Dis Primers 2 (September 1, 2016): 16059. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.59.
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    • Knirsch, Charles, Demissie Alemayehu, Radu Botgros, Sabrina Comic-Savic, David Friedland, Thomas L. Holland, Kunal Merchant, et al. “Improving Conduct and Feasibility of Clinical Trials to Evaluate Antibacterial Drugs to Treat Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia: Recommendations of the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative Antibacterial Drug Development Project Team.” Clin Infect Dis 63 Suppl 2 (August 15, 2016): S29–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw258.
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    • Maina, Alice N., Christina M. Farris, Antony Odhiambo, Ju Jiang, Jeremiah Laktabai, Janice Armstrong, Thomas Holland, Allen L. Richards, and Wendy P. O’Meara. “Q Fever, Scrub Typhus, and Rickettsial Diseases in Children, Kenya, 2011-2012.” Emerg Infect Dis 22, no. 5 (May 2016): 883–86. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2205.150953.
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    • Lane, Suzanne, Karissa Johnston, Katherine A. Sulham, Iqra Syed, Charles V. Pollack, Thomas Holland, and Dilip Nathwani. “Identification of Patient Characteristics Influencing Setting of Care Decisions for Patients With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment.” Clin Ther 38, no. 3 (March 2016): 531–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.01.007.
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    • Tong, Steven Y. C., Joshua S. Davis, Emily Eichenberger, Thomas L. Holland, and Vance G. Fowler. “Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management.” Clin Microbiol Rev 28, no. 3 (July 2015): 603–61. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00134-14.
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    • Bostwick, A Doran, Cecelia Zhang, Katja Manninen, Joanne Touchberry, Shermalyn R. Greene, and Thomas L. Holland. “Bacteremia Caused by Kerstersia gyiorum.” J Clin Microbiol 53, no. 6 (June 2015): 1965–67. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03625-14.
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    • O’Meara, Wendy P., Joshua A. Mott, Jeremiah Laktabai, Kabura Wamburu, Barry Fields, Janice Armstrong, Steve M. Taylor, et al. “Etiology of pediatric fever in western Kenya: a case-control study of falciparum malaria, respiratory viruses, and streptococcal pharyngitis.” Am J Trop Med Hyg 92, no. 5 (May 2015): 1030–37. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0560.
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    • Arnold, Christopher J., Melissa Johnson, Arnold S. Bayer, Suzanne Bradley, Efthymia Giannitsioti, José M. Miró, Pilar Tornos, et al. “Candida infective endocarditis: an observational cohort study with a focus on therapy.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59, no. 4 (April 2015): 2365–73. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.04867-14.
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    • Chirouze, Catherine, François Alla, Vance G. Fowler, Daniel J. Sexton, G Ralph Corey, Vivian H. Chu, Andrew Wang, et al. “Impact of early valve surgery on outcome of Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: analysis in the International Collaboration of Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study.” Clin Infect Dis 60, no. 5 (March 1, 2015): 741–49. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu871.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., and Vance G. Fowler. “Diagnosing endocarditis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia--reply.” Jama 313, no. 4 (January 27, 2015): 420–21. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.16954.
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    • Delahaye, F., V. H. Chu, J. Altclas, B. Barsic, A. Delahaye, T. Freiberger, D. L. Gordon, et al. “One-year outcome following biological or mechanical valve replacement for infective endocarditis.” Int J Cardiol 178 (January 15, 2015): 117–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.125.
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    • Chu, Vivian H., Lawrence P. Park, Eugene Athan, Francois Delahaye, Tomas Freiberger, Cristiane Lamas, Jose M. Miro, et al. “Association between surgical indications, operative risk, and clinical outcome in infective endocarditis: a prospective study from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis.” Circulation 131, no. 2 (January 13, 2015): 131–40. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012461.
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    • Holland, Thomas, Vance G. Fowler, and Samuel A. Shelburne. “Invasive gram-positive bacterial infection in cancer patients.” Clin Infect Dis 59 Suppl 5 (November 15, 2014): S331–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu598.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., Christopher Arnold, and Vance G. Fowler. “Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a review.” Jama 312, no. 13 (October 1, 2014): 1330–41. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.9743.
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    • Bloomfield, Gerald S., Joseph W. Hogan, Alfred Keter, Thomas L. Holland, Edwin Sang, Sylvester Kimaiyo, and Eric J. Velazquez. “Blood pressure level impacts risk of death among HIV seropositive adults in Kenya: a retrospective analysis of electronic health records.” Bmc Infect Dis 14 (May 22, 2014): 284. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-284.
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    • Bloomfield, G. S., J. W. Hogan, A. Keter, T. L. Holland, E. Sang, S. Kimaiyo, and E. J. Velazquez. “Blood pressure level impacts risk of death among HIV seropositive adults in Kenya: A retrospective analysis of electronic health records.” Bmc Infectious Diseases 14, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-284.
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    • Carugati, Manuela, Arnold S. Bayer, Josè M. Miró, Lawrence P. Park, Armenio C. Guimarães, Athanasios Skoutelis, Claudio Q. Fortes, et al. “High-dose daptomycin therapy for left-sided infective endocarditis: a prospective study from the international collaboration on endocarditis.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57, no. 12 (December 2013): 6213–22. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01563-13.
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    • Barsic, Bruno, Stuart Dickerman, Vladimir Krajinovic, Paul Pappas, Javier Altclas, Giampiero Carosi, José H. Casabé, et al. “Influence of the timing of cardiac surgery on the outcome of patients with infective endocarditis and stroke.” Clin Infect Dis 56, no. 2 (January 2013): 209–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis878.
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    • Chambers, Stephen T., David Murdoch, Arthur Morris, David Holland, Paul Pappas, Manel Almela, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, et al. “HACEK infective endocarditis: characteristics and outcomes from a large, multi-national cohort.” Plos One 8, no. 5 (2013): e63181. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063181.
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    • Bloomfield, Gerald S., Joseph W. Hogan, Alfred Keter, Thomas L. Holland, James Osanya, Edwin Sang, Sylvester Kimaiyo, and Eric J. Velazquez. “High Blood Pressure Increases Risk of Death Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Individuals in Kenya.” Circulation 126, no. 21 (November 20, 2012).
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    • Fowler, V., and T. Holland. “Reply to gould.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 205, no. 5 (March 1, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir847.
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    • Holland, T. L., N. M. Thielman, and R. D. Pearson. “Chemotherapy of Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Diseases,” December 1, 2011, 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-3935-5.00013-6.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., and Vance G. Fowler. “Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration and outcome in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: pearl or pellet?” J Infect Dis 204, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 329–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir275.
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    • Holland, Thomas L., Christopher W. Woods, and Maria Joyce. “Antibacterial susceptibility testing in the clinical laboratory.” Infect Dis Clin North Am 23, no. 4 (December 2009): 757–vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2009.06.001.
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    • Ruopp, Marcus D., Joel C. Boggan, Thomas L. Holland, Mary Jane Stillwagon, Joseph A. Govert, and Jonathan G. Bae. “Missing the Mark: Inaccuracy of administrative data in identification of hospitalized patients with pneumonia and results of a systematic clinical reclassification process on readmission rates.” Journal of Hospital Administration 6, no. 6 (n.d.): 35–35. https://doi.org/10.5430/jha.v6n6p35.
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  • Conference Papers

    • Bergin, S. P., A. Coles, J. Farley, J. Santiago, S. Calvert, V. G. Fowler, and T. L. Holland. “Predicting Pneumonia: A Prospective Observational Study Of The Risk Factors For Hospital-Acquired And Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia.” In American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 195. AMER THORACIC SOC, 2017.
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• Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
• 

  Outreach & Engaged Scholarship

  • Duke Global Health Outreach. You get what you look for: emerging infections in a malaria-endemic zone. January 2014  2014

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