Journal ArticleFrontiers in Ecology and the Environment · December 1, 2014
Urban ecology has quickly become established as a central part of ecological thinking. As cities continue to grow in size and number, two questions serve to unify this broad and multidisciplinary research landscape: (1) how can urban ecology contribute to ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of theoretical biology · December 2013
Simple models of density-dependent population growth such as the discrete logistic map provide powerful demonstrations of complex population dynamics. Yet it is unclear whether the dynamics observed in such idealized systems would be present, under realist ...
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Journal ArticlePloS one · January 2013
In many flowering plants individual fruits contain a mixture of half- and full- siblings, reflecting pollination by several fathers. To better understand the mechanisms generating multiple paternity within fruits we present a theoretical framework linking ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · April 2009
All organisms alter their abiotic environment, but ecosystem engineers are species with abiotic effects that may have to be explicitly accounted for when making predictions about population and community dynamics. The goal of this analysis is to identify t ...
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Journal ArticleTheoretical Ecology · June 1, 2008
Understanding the relative effect of top predators and primary producers on intermediate trophic levels is a key question in ecology. Most previous work, however, has not considered either realistic nonlinearities in feedback between trophic levels or the ...
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Journal ArticleEvolutionary Ecology Research · October 1, 2007
Question: How does the evolution of dispersal distance affect the persistence, distribution, and population dynamics of a mutualist-antagonist system capable of endogenous pattern formation? Modelling approach: We let dispersal distance evolve within an in ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · September 2007
Because of the separation of sexual function to male and female individuals, dioecious species have fewer pollen and seed bearers and thus experience disadvantages due to increased aggregation of reproductive function. Because of this disadvantage, models ...
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Journal ArticleEcology letters · February 2007
The ecosystem engineering concept focuses on how organisms physically change the abiotic environment and how this feeds back to the biota. While the concept was formally introduced a little more than 10 years ago, the underpinning of the concept can be tra ...
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Journal ArticleTrends in ecology & evolution · September 2006
Ecosystem engineers affect other organisms by creating, modifying, maintaining or destroying habitats. Despite widespread recognition of these often important effects, the ecosystem engineering concept has yet to be widely used in ecological applications. ...
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Journal ArticleOikos · July 1, 2006
A general model of linearized species interactions, essentially Lotka-Volterra theory, applied to questions of biodiversity has previously been shown to be a powerful tool for understanding local species-abundance patterns and community responses to enviro ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences · May 2006
We investigate the evolution of manipulation of host dispersal behaviour by parasites using spatially explicit individual-based simulations. We find that when dispersal is local, parasites always gain from increasing their hosts' dispersal rate, although t ...
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Journal ArticleEcology · December 1, 2005
In generalized, multispecies mutualisms, competition among members of one guild can influence the net benefits that each species in the other guild receives. Hence seasonal factors that affect the dynamics of competition can also affect net benefits, espec ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · August 2005
Many flowering plants rely on pollinators, self-fertilization, or both for reproduction. We model the consequences of these features for plant population dynamics and mating system evolution. Our mating systems-based population dynamics model includes an A ...
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Journal ArticleEvolution; international journal of organic evolution · May 2005
Seed production in many plants is pollen limited, likely because of unpredictable variation in the pollinator environment. One way for plants to escape the consequences of pollinator variability is to evolve mating systems, such as autonomous selfing, that ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · February 2005
Two competing consumer species may coexist using a single homogeneous resource when the more efficient consumer--the one having the lowest equilibrium resource density--has a more nonlinear functional response that generates consumer-resource cycles. We ex ...
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Journal ArticleEcological Applications · January 1, 2005
In conservation biology it is necessary to make management decisions for endangered and threatened species under severe uncertainty. Failure to acknowledge and treat uncertainty can lead to poor decisions. To illustrate the importance of considering uncert ...
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Journal ArticleEcology Letters · October 1, 2004
Simple mathematical models are used to investigate the coexistence of two consumers using a single limiting resource that is distributed over distinct patches, and that has unequal growth rates in the different patches. Relatively low movement rates or hig ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences · September 2004
Theoretical interest in the distributions of species abundances observed in ecological communities has focused recently on the results of models that assume all species are identical in their interactions with one another, and rely upon immigration and spe ...
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Journal ArticleOikos · April 1, 2004
Facilitation occurs when an increase in the density of one species causes an increase in the population growth rate or the density of a second species. In plants, ample evidence demonstrates that one species can facilitate another by ameliorating abiotic c ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · October 2003
One approach to understanding how mutualisms function in community settings is to model well-studied pairwise interactions in the presence of the few species with which they interact most strongly. In nature, such species are often specialized antagonists ...
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Journal ArticleEcology Letters · October 1, 2003
A new analysis of the nearly century-old Lotka - Volterra theory allows us to link species interactions to biodiversity patterns, including: species abundance distributions, estimates of total community size, patterns of community invasibility, and predict ...
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Journal ArticleEcological Monographs · August 1, 2003
Mutualisms are almost ubiquitously exploited by species that gain the benefits that mutualists offer to each other, but that offer nothing in return. This paper investigates the possible dynamical outcomes of a mechanistically formulated model system, invo ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · August 2003
Hermaphroditism is typically associated with a sedentary existence, whereas dioecy is associated with mobility. This pattern is reflected within flowering plants, as dioecious species commonly possess traits that promote high dispersal. We investigated the ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · June 2003
Many mutualisms host "exploiter" species that consume the benefits provided by one or both mutualists without reciprocating. Exploiters have been widely assumed to destabilize mutualisms, yet they are common. We develop models to explore conditions for loc ...
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Journal ArticleCancer Biol Ther · 2002
Angiogenesis, development of new blood vessels, is essential for wound healing and tumor growth. A potentially important side effect of anti-angiogenic therapy can be delayed wound healing. In this study we address this issue by using a novel in vivo metho ...
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Journal ArticleTheoretical population biology · September 2001
Most single-species population models assume either that one sex dominates the growth dynamics (usually the female), or that the life cycles of the two sexes are identical; however, sexual differences in ontogenetic features can render this assumption inva ...
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Journal ArticleEcology Letters · August 29, 2001
Empirical results concerning a freshwater snail community are interpreted using a two-species consumer model that incorporates resource structure. Behavioural-scale measurements on a guild of five species of freshwater pond snails (Mollusca: Pulmonata) ind ...
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Journal ArticlePhysical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · April 2001
We study a model that gives rise to spatially inhomogeneous population densities in a system of host individuals subject to rare, randomly distributed disease events. For stationary hosts that disperse offspring over short distances, evolutionary dynamics ...
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Journal ArticleTheoretical population biology · June 2000
This paper analyzes a consumer's adaptive feeding response to environmental gradients. We consider a consumer-resource system where resources are distributed among many discrete resource patches. Each consumer exhibits a feeding morphology allowing it to r ...
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Journal ArticleTheoretical population biology · March 2000
We present and analyze a simple three-patch host-parasitoid model where population growth is discrete. The model gives solutions that are qualitatively similar to the stable large-amplitude patterns in space found in reaction-diffusion theory. In the conte ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · February 2000
A mathematical model is presented that describes a system where two consumer species compete exploitatively for a single renewable resource. The resource is distributed in a patchy but homogeneous environment; that is, all patches are intrinsically identic ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · January 2000
A general consumer-resource model assuming discrete consumers and a continuously structured resource is examined. We study two foraging behaviors, which lead to fixed and flexible patch residence times, in conjunction with a simple consumer energetics mode ...
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Journal ArticleEcology Letters · January 1, 2000
We demonstrate that a simplistic foraging rule for a consumer in a spatially explicit resource environment leads to consumer grouping. Although consumer groups sweeping through the renewing resource environment represents the model's dynamical attractor, f ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences · December 1999
How local interactions influence both population and evolutionary dynamics is currently a key topic in theoretical ecology. We use a 'well-mixed' analytical model and spatially explicit individual-based models to investigate a system where a population is ...
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Journal ArticleEcology · January 1, 1999
We developed a mathematical model based on the microalgal-gastropod system studied by Schmitt, in which two coexisting consumers (Tegula eisini and T. aureotincta) feed on a common resource. The two consumers differ in their foraging behavior and their abi ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Animal Ecology · January 1, 1999
1. The western tussock moth (Orgyia vetusta) at the University of California Bodega Marine Reserve (Sonoma County, California, USA) exhibits dense, localized populations in the midst of extensive habitats where variation in host plant quality or predator a ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · November 1998
Given the predominance of outcrossing by angiosperms, large costs must often overwhelm the genetic benefit of selfing derived from contributing two haploid genomes to each off-spring rather than one. In addition to the well-studied genetic cost of inbreedi ...
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Journal ArticleTheoretical population biology · April 1998
We study interactions of predators and prey that are characterized by a scale difference in their use of space. Prey are assumed to occupy patches, forming a metapopulation with low migration among patches. Predators are homogeneously distributed over thes ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · February 1998
This work ties together two distinct modeling frameworks for population dynamics: an individual-based simulation and a set of coupled integrodifferential equations involving population densities. The simulation model represents an idealized predator-prey s ...
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Journal ArticleEcology · January 1, 1998
Pollination governs a plant's mating options by establishing the diversity and intensity of male-gamete exchange between plants. For animal-pollinated plants, the pattern of pollen dispersal arises from the pollinator's interactions with floral organs duri ...
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Journal ArticleEcology Letters · January 1, 1998
We present a consumer-resource model in which individual consumers subsist on a continuum of resource distributed over a very large number of small "bite-sized" patches, each patch being sufficiently small that all its resource is eaten whenever a consumer ...
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Journal ArticleThe American naturalist · January 1998
Many diseases have both sexual and nonsexual transmission routes, and closely related diseases often differ in their degree of sexual transmission. We investigate the evolution of transmission mode as a function of host social and mating structure using a ...
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Journal ArticleEcology · January 1, 1997
This paper explores the ecological consequences of competition and cooperation, and the resultant abrupt species zonation that could occur along smooth environmental stress gradients. We present one- and two-species models of sessile organisms incorporatin ...
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Journal ArticleEcological Monographs · January 1, 1997
We present three models representing the trophic and behavioral dynamics of a simple food chain (primary producers, grazers, and predators) at temporal scales shorter than the scale of consumer reproduction, and at the spatial scales typically employed in ...
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Journal ArticleTheoretical population biology · December 1996
This paper further examines an individual-based model of a spatially distributed predator-prey population that demonstrates strong spatial structuring in contrast with predictions from its representative analytic formulation. Examination of a small, locali ...
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Journal ArticleBulletin of Mathematical Biology · January 1, 1996
Populations often exhibit abrupt changes in abundance associated with a smooth, continuous change in some component of their environment, with the abruptness usually attributed to inter-specific interactions or physical extremes. This paper presents a spat ...
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Journal ArticleOikos · January 1, 1996
In many natural predator-prey systems, there are differences in mobility between individual predators and prey. In this paper, we use individual-based models to examine how differences in mobility of age-structured predator populations affect the spatial a ...
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Journal ArticleBulletin of Mathematical Biology · January 1, 1995
The effect of varying habitat dimensionality on the dynamics of a model predator-prey system is examined using an individual-based simulation. The general results are that in one dimension fluctuations in abundance of prey and predators occur over a large ...
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Journal ArticleEvolutionary Ecology · September 1, 1994
Selection favouring an outcrossing plant's ability to sire seeds generally promotes floral characters that increase (1) the frequency of pollinator visits, (2) the number of pollen grains dispersed to other plants by each pollinator and (3) the probability ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Statistical Physics · June 1, 1994
An algorithm for modeling secondary invasion processes in porous media is presented. Mobilization of trapped defender fluid is accomplished through interfacial interaction rules. Cohesive forces are also included within the defender phase. A series of simu ...
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Journal ArticleGeophysics · January 1, 1994
The objective of this paper is to examine this algorithm's applicability to residual statics estimation and present three new ingredients that help the algorithm successfully resolve residual statics. These three ingredients include (1) breaking the popula ...
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Journal ArticleTransport in Porous Media · May 1, 1993
Because fluid flow in porous media is opaque to most observational techniques simulations of the processes occurring in porous media have become important. Typical reservoir simulations treat the flow as taking place in some averaged (Darcy-scale) medium b ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican Naturalist · January 1, 1993
In the models, the individual is the fundamental unit, and the dynamics are governed by individual rules for growth, movement, reproduction, feeding, and mortality. The authors establish the congruence between age-structured predator-prey population models ...
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Journal ArticleTheoretical Population Biology · January 1, 1993
A predator-prey system is studied via an individual-based simulation technique involving discrete Lotka-Volterra-type predator and prey individuals occupying a two-dimensional lattice of up to 256 sites by 256 sites, encompassing up to 65,536 predators and ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Statistical Physics · February 1, 1992
A microscopic method for the generation of invasion percolation structures using "armies" of interacting random walkers is presented. Two distinct species are used to simulate the invading and defending fluids of a fluid invasion process. Trapping of the d ...
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Journal ArticleGEOPHYSICS · November 1, 1991
The residual statics problem in seismic data analysis is treated by introducing an optimization function that emphasizes the coherence of neighboring common depth point (CDP) gathers within a nonlinear simulated annealing technique. Emphasizing coherence b ...
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Journal ArticleGeophysical Research Letters · January 1, 1991
We present an application of a genetics‐based optimization algorithm in an attempt to compute residual statics in seismic data processing. Genetic algorithms have a long history, but have only recently been applied to complex optimization problems. In this ...
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Journal ArticlePhysics Letters A · May 29, 1989
The effects of quenched site and bond dilution in the three-dimensional three-state Potts model are studied via the microcanonical simulation. In both systems we observe the following picture as quenched dilutions are added: the line of first order phase t ...
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Journal ArticlePhysics Letters A · January 16, 1989
A microcanonical simulation of the q=5 Potts model on the quenched isotropically site-diluted square and Penrose lattices is performed. Analysis of the simulation data show a first-order phase transition which terminates at a critical point for dilutions i ...
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Journal ArticlePhysical Review B · January 1, 1989
The four- and five-state ferromagnetic Potts models are studied on both the periodic square lattice and the quasiperiodic Penrose lattice via the microcanonical simulation. Results presented here indicate that the four-state Potts model undergoes a second- ...
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Journal ArticlePhysical Review B · January 1, 1989
Anisotropic site dilution is introduced into the two-dimensional Penrose lattice by varying the seven-nearest-neighbor (7NN) site concentration p7 from zero (no 7NN sites) to one (all 7NN sites present). A first-order phase transition line is found for the ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Statistical Physics · November 1, 1988
Percolation invasion displacement of a compressible defender is examined for two cases: when only the smallest accessible site is entered at each step and when all accessible sites less than the size given by a reducing back pressure are entered at each ti ...
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Journal ArticlePhysics Letters A · January 25, 1988
A microcanonical simulation of the four-state ferromagnetic Potts model on the two-dimensional Penrose lattice indicates that the phase transition is second order and is in the same universality class as the periodic system. The five-state ferromagnetic Po ...
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Journal ArticlePhysical Review B · January 1, 1987
The three-state Potts model with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions on a three-dimensional simple cubic lattice is studied numerically by the multilattice microcanonical simulation. This simulation allows for the determination of the van der Waals ...
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Journal ArticlePhysics Letters A · November 10, 1986
A numerical lattice simulation technique is presented that is efficient for use on general purpose computers. This algorithm is a combination of the microcanonical simulation introduced by Creutz, and the multilattice coding technique demonstrated by Bhano ...
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