William Edward Hammond II

William Edward Hammond II
Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health

Main areas of interest include computer-based medical records, hospital information systems, national and international standards, artificial intelligence, networking and computerization in ambulatory care.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health, Community and Family Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 2009
Research Professor in the School of Nursing, School of Nursing, Duke University 2011

Contact Information

2424 Erwin Road, Suite 9002, Room 9020, Durham, NC 27705
Duke Box 2748, Durham, NC 27705
william.hammond@duke.edu (919) 668-2408

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Duke University
- Ph.D., Duke University 1967
Duke Appointment History
- Professor Emeritus of Community and Family Medicine, Community and Family Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 2001 - 2009
- Professor of Community and Family Medicine in the Department of Community & Family Medicine, Community and Family Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 1980 - 2001
- Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1980 - 2001
- Chief, Division of Medical Informatics in the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Community and Family Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 1995 - 1998
Recognition
In the News
- NOV 16, 2015 Duke Translational Medicine Institute
  
  Ed Hammond Honored for “Thought Leadership in Informatics”
Awards & Honors
Research
Selected Grants
- Improved Disease Stratification Using Electronic Health Records awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2020
- Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory - Coordinating Center awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2019
- Duke CTSA (UL1) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2018
- Multidisciplinary Neonatal Training Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2015
- Pioneering Health Information Quality (K99) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2015
- Consortia for University-based Training of Health IT Professionals in Health Care awarded by Department of Health and Human Services 2010 - 2013
- Synthesis and Harmonization of High Impact Data Elements awarded by Food and Drug Administration 2011 - 2013
- Curriculum Development Centers awarded by Department of Health and Human Services 2010 - 2012
- Nurses' Information Needs while Caring for Hospitalized Children awarded by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2011 - 2012
- Informatics Tools And Medical Perinatal Knowledge Bldg... awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 2001
- Interactive, Guideline-Based Decision Support On The Web awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 1999
- Electrophysiologic Properties Of Endothelial Cells awarded by National Institutes of Health 1992 - 1995
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Garza, M, Myneni, S, Nordo, A, Eisenstein, EL, Hammond, WE, Walden, A, and Zozus, M. "eSource for Standardized Health Information Exchange in Clinical Research: A Systematic Review." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 257 (January 2019): 115-124.
  - Nordo, A, Eisenstein, EL, Garza, M, Hammond, WE, and Zozus, MN. "Evaluative Outcomes in Direct Extraction and Use of EHR Data in Clinical Trials." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 257 (January 2019): 333-340.
  - Richesson, RL, Green, BB, Laws, R, Puro, J, Kahn, MG, Bauck, A, Smerek, M, Van Eaton, EG, Zozus, M, Hammond, WE, Stephens, KA, and Simon, GE. "Pragmatic (trial) informatics: a perspective from the NIH Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 24, no. 5 (September 2017): 996-1001. Full Text
  - Baccus, D, Hoeren, G, Smith, B, Walker, A, Snapper, AG, Walter, E, Hammond, WE, Brender, RF, Salmonson, L, Heilman, R, Ashby, G, Howland, HC, and Rhine, S. "DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, ATLANTA, GA, MAY 13-15 1971." (January 1, 2017).
  - Leiro, L, Taylor, R, Lee, K, Sapega, AE, Simon, MN, Martinez, AB, Wolfberg, MS, Allen, MJ, Walter, EL, Hammond, WE, Krishna, R, Kendrick, NS, Clifton, M, Pleck, M, and Ruhl, R. "DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972." (January 1, 2017).
  - Lloyd, SC, Hammond, WE, and Fisher, EG. "DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972." (January 1, 2017).
  - Sage, R, Loving, D, Craft, WL, Dayringer, HE, Smith, MJ, Dinniwell, JD, Luts, J, Brown, AL, Biswell, LR, Hammond, WE, Shastri, S, Sami, AW, Bright, M, Wagman, E, and Stead, WW. "DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972." (January 1, 2017).
  - Hammond, WE, and Greenes, RA. "Healthcare academic informatics and IT vendors - A modest proposal for a collaborative focus." Journal of biomedical informatics 60 (April 2016): 363-364. Full Text
  - Richardson, KJ, Sengstack, P, Doucette, JN, Hammond, WE, Schertz, M, Thompson, J, and Johnson, C. "Evaluation of Nursing Documentation Completion of Stroke Patients in the Emergency Department: A Pre-Post Analysis Using Flowsheet Templates and Clinical Decision Support." Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN 34, no. 2 (February 2016): 62-70. Full Text
  - Zozus, MN, Richesson, RL, Walden, A, Tenenbaum, JD, and Hammond, WE. "Research Reproducibility in Longitudinal Multi-Center Studies Using Data from Electronic Health Records." AMIA Summits on Translational Science Proceedings 2016 (January 2016): 279-285.
  - West, VL, Borland, D, and Hammond, WE. "Innovative information visualization of electronic health record data: a systematic review." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : Jamia 22, no. 2 (March 2015): 330-339. (Review) Full Text
  - Sanborn, TA, Tcheng, JE, Anderson, HV, Chambers, CE, Cheatham, SL, Decaro, MV, Durack, JC, Everett, AD, Gordon, JB, Hammond, WE, Hijazi, ZM, Kashyap, VS, Knudtson, M, Landzberg, MJ, Martinez-Rios, MA, Riggs, LA, Sim, KH, Slotwiner, DJ, Solomon, H, Szeto, WY, Weiner, BH, Weintraub, WS, and Windle, JR. "ACC/AHA/SCAI 2014 health policy statement on structured reporting for the cardiac catheterization laboratory: A report of the american college of cardiology clinical quality committee." Circulation 129, no. 24 (June 17, 2014): 2578-2609. (Review) Full Text
  - Sanborn, TA, Tcheng, JE, Anderson, HV, Chambers, CE, Cheatham, SL, DeCaro, MV, Durack, JC, Everett, AD, Gordon, JB, Hammond, WE, Hijazi, ZM, Kashyap, VS, Knudtson, M, Landzberg, MJ, Martinez-Rios, MA, Riggs, LA, Sim, KH, Slotwiner, DJ, Solomon, H, Szeto, WY, Weiner, BH, Weintraub, WS, and Windle, JR. "ACC/AHA/SCAI 2014 health policy statement on structured reporting for the cardiac catheterization laboratory: a report of the American College of Cardiology Clinical Quality Committee." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 63, no. 23 (June 2014): 2591-2623. Full Text
  - Sanborn, TA, Tcheng, JE, Anderson, HV, Chambers, CE, Cheatham, SL, DeCaro, MV, Durack, JC, Everett, AD, Gordon, JB, Hammond, WE, Hijazi, ZM, Kashyap, VS, Knudtson, M, Landzberg, MJ, Martinez-Rios, MA, Riggs, LA, Sim, KH, Slotwiner, DJ, Solomon, H, Szeto, WY, Weiner, BH, Weintraub, WS, and Windle, JR. "ACC/AHA/SCAI 2014 health policy statement on structured reporting for the cardiac catheterization laboratory: a report of the American College of Cardiology Clinical Quality Committee." Circulation 129, no. 24 (June 2014): 2578-2609. Full Text
  - Mohan, V, Abbott, P, Acteson, S, Berner, ES, Devlin, C, Hammond, WE, Kukafka, R, and Hersh, W. "Design and evaluation of the ONC health information technology curriculum." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 21, no. 3 (May 2014): 509-516. Full Text
  - Hripcsak, G, Bloomrosen, M, FlatelyBrennan, P, Chute, CG, Cimino, J, Detmer, DE, Edmunds, M, Embi, PJ, Goldstein, MM, Hammond, WE, Keenan, GM, Labkoff, S, Murphy, S, Safran, C, Speedie, S, Strasberg, H, Temple, F, and Wilcox, AB. "Health data use, stewardship, and governance: ongoing gaps and challenges: a report from AMIA's 2012 Health Policy Meeting." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : Jamia 21, no. 2 (March 2014): 204-211. Full Text
  - Mohan, V, Abbott, P, Acteson, S, Berner, ES, Devlin, C, Hammond, WE, Kukafka, R, and Hersh, W. "Design and evaluation of the ONC health information technology curriculum." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 21, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 509-516. Full Text
  - Geissbuhler, A, Hammond, WE, Hasman, A, Hussein, R, Koppel, R, Kulikowski, CA, Maojo, V, Martin-Sanchez, F, Moorman, PW, Moura, LA, De Quirós, FGB, Schuemie, MJ, Smith, B, and Talmon, J. "Discussion of "biomedical informatics: We are what we publish"." Methods of Information in Medicine 52, no. 6 (December 13, 2013): 547-562.
  - Richesson, RL, Hammond, WE, Nahm, M, Wixted, D, Simon, GE, Robinson, JG, Bauck, AE, Cifelli, D, Smerek, MM, Dickerson, J, Laws, RL, Madigan, RA, Rusincovitch, SA, Kluchar, C, and Califf, RM. "Electronic health records based phenotyping in next-generation clinical trials: a perspective from the NIH Health Care Systems Collaboratory." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : Jamia 20, no. e2 (December 2013): e226-e231. Full Text
  - Richesson, RL, Rusincovitch, SA, Wixted, D, Batch, BC, Feinglos, MN, Miranda, ML, Hammond, WE, Califf, RM, and Spratt, SE. "A comparison of phenotype definitions for diabetes mellitus." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : Jamia 20, no. e2 (December 2013): e319-e326. Full Text
  - Danford, CP, Horvath, MM, Hammond, WE, and Ferranti, JM. "Does access modality matter? Evaluation of validity in reusing clinical care data." AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings 2013 (January 2013): 278-283.
  - Hammond, WE, Ferguson, J, Jaffe, C, and Quinn, J. "Current issues and future directions for standards developing organizations." Stud Health Technol Inform 192 (2013): 1234-. Link to Item
  - Nahm, M, and Hammond, WE. "Data standard ≠ data quality." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 192 (January 2013): 1208-null.
  - Ed Hammond, W. "Interoperability - What's in a word?." Electronic Journal of Health Informatics 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2010).
  - Hammond, WE. "Semantic interoperability: Issue of standardizing medical vocabularies." (December 1, 2010): 19-42. (Chapter) Full Text
  - Nahm, M, Walden, A, McCourt, B, Pieper, K, Honeycutt, E, Hamilton, CD, Harrington, RA, Diefenbach, J, Kisler, B, Walker, M, and Ed Hammond, W. "Standardising clinical data elements." International Journal of Functional Informatics and Personalised Medicine 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 314-341. Full Text
  - Ed Hammond, W, Bailey, C, Boucher, P, Spohr, M, and Whitaker, P. "Connecting information to improve health." Health Affairs 29, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 285-290. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE, Bailey, C, Boucher, P, Spohr, M, and Whitaker, P. "Connecting information to improve health." Health Aff (Millwood) 29, no. 2 (February 2010): 284-288. Full Text Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "Seamless care: what is it; what is its value; what does it require; when might we get it?." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 155 (January 2010): 3-13.
  - Nihoyannopoulos, P, and Kisslo, J. "Echocardiography." Echocardiography (December 1, 2009): 1-667. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE, Jaffe, C, and Kush, RD. "Healthcare standards development. The value of nurturing collaboration." Journal of Ahima 80, no. 7 (July 2009): 44-50.
  - Blobel, B, Chronaki, C, Stegwee, R, Grain, H, Hammond, WE, Jaffe, C, Kalra, D, Koehn, M, Macary, F, Sabutsch, S, Sheetham, E, Schulz, S, Tan, M, and HL7 Affiliates Council, . "HL7's comprehensive standards set and its international collaboration for enabling semantically interoperable eHealth and pHealth solutions." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 150 (January 2009): 982-986.
  - Hammond, WE. "Realizing the potential of healthcare information technology to enhance global health." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 150 (January 2009): 8-13.
  - Hammond, WE. "eHealth interoperability." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 134 (January 2008): 245-253. (Review)
  - Hammond, WE, and McCourt, B. "Making sense of standards." J AHIMA 78, no. 8 (September 2007): 60-61. Link to Item
  - McCourt, B, Harrington, RA, Fox, K, Hamilton, CD, Booher, K, Hammond, WE, Walden, A, and Nahm, M. "Data standards: At the intersection of sites, clinical research networks, and standards development initiatives." Drug Information Journal 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 393-404. Full Text
  - Safran, C, Bloomrosen, M, Hammond, WE, Labkoff, S, Markel-Fox, S, Tang, PC, Detmer, DE, and Expert Panel, . "Toward a national framework for the secondary use of health data: an American Medical Informatics Association White Paper." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : Jamia 14, no. 1 (January 2007): 1-9. Full Text
  - Ferranti, JM, Musser, RC, Kawamoto, K, and Hammond, WE. "The clinical document architecture and the continuity of care record: a critical analysis." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : Jamia 13, no. 3 (May 2006): 245-252. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE. "The making and adoption of health data standards." Health Aff (Millwood) 24, no. 5 (September 2005): 1205-1213. Full Text Link to Item
  - Parkerson, GR, Hammond, WE, Michener, JL, Yarnall, KSH, and Johnson, JL. "Risk classification of adult primary care patients by self-reported quality of life." Medical Care 43, no. 2 (February 2005): 189-193. Full Text
  - Middleton, B, Hammond, WE, Brennan, PF, and Cooper, GF. "Accelerating U.S. EHR adoption: how to get there from here. recommendations based on the 2004 ACMI retreat." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : Jamia 12, no. 1 (January 2005): 13-19. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE. "AMIA President's Awards, 2003." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : Jamia 11, no. 3 (May 2004): 234-null. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE. "The role of standards in electronic prescribing." Health Aff (Millwood) Suppl Web Exclusives (January 2004): W4-325-7-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "The role of standards in electronic prescribing." Health Affairs (Project Hope) Suppl Web Exclusives (January 1, 2004).
  - Hammond, WE. "Making the boundaries clearer: revisiting information systems with fading boundaries." Int J Med Inform 69, no. 2-3 (March 2003): 99-104. Link to Item
  - Bakker, AR, and Hammond, WE. "Report of conference track 1: Basic bottlenecks." International Journal of Medical Informatics 69, no. 2-3 (2003): 295-296. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE. "HL7--more than a communications standard." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 96 (January 2003): 266-271.
  - Hammond, WE. "An introduction to health level seven." Lekar a Technika 33, no. 2 (2002): 40-47.
  - Goodwin, LK, Iannacchione, MA, Hammond, WE, Crockett, P, Maher, S, and Schlitz, K. "Data mining methods find demographic predictors of preterm birth." Nurs Res 50, no. 6 (November 2001): 340-345. Link to Item
  - Parkerson, GR, Harrell, FE, Hammond, WE, and Wang, XQ. "Characteristics of adult primary care patients as predictors of future health services charges." Med Care 39, no. 11 (November 2001): 1170-1181. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "How the past teaches the future: ACMI distinguished lecture." J Am Med Inform Assoc 8, no. 3 (May 2001): 222-234. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "How the past teaches the future." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 8, no. 3 (2001): 222-234.
  - Liu, GC, Cooper, JG, Schoeffler, KM, and Hammond, WE. "Standards for the electronic health record, emerging from health care's Tower of Babel." Proceedings / AMIA . Annual Symposium. AMIA Symposium (2001): 388-392.
  - Yasnoff, WA, Overhage, JM, Humphreys, BL, LaVenture, M, Goodman, KW, Gatewood, L, Ross, DA, Reid, J, Hammond, WE, Dwyer, D, Huff, SM, Gotham, I, Kukafka, R, Loonsk, JW, and Wagner, MM. "A national agenda for public health informatics." Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP 7, no. 6 (2001): 1-21.
  - Bakken, S, Campbell, KE, Cimino, JJ, Huff, SM, and Hammond, WE. "Toward vocabulary domain specifications for health level 7-coded data elements." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 7, no. 4 (2000): 333-342.
  - Goodwin, L, Maher, S, Ohno-Machado, L, Iannacchione, MA, Crockett, P, Dreiseitl, S, Vinterbo, S, and Hammond, W. "Building knowledge in a complex preterm birth problem domain." Proceedings / AMIA . Annual Symposium. AMIA Symposium (2000): 305-309.
  - Hammond, WE, Pollard, DL, and Straube, MJ. "Managing healthcare: A view of tomorrow." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 52 (January 1, 1998): 26-30. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE, Pollard, DL, and Straube, MJ. "Managing healthcare: a view of tomorrow." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 52 Pt 1 (January 1998): 26-30.
  - Huff, SM, Jr, WDB, Cimino, JJ, and Hammond, WE. "A proposal for incorporating health level seven (HL7) vocabulary in the UMLS Metathesaurus." Proceedings / AMIA .. Annual Symposium. AMIA Symposium (1998): 800-804.
  - Ismael, MB, Eisenstein, EL, and Hammond, WE. "A comparison of neural network models for the prediction of the cost of care for acute coronary syndrome patients." Proc AMIA Symp (1998): 533-537. Link to Item
  - Pollard, DL, and Hammond, WE. "Object technology: raising the standards for healthcare information systems." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 52 Pt 1 (January 1998): 217-221.
  - Parkerson, GR, Michener, JL, Yarnall, KS, and Hammond, WE. "Duke Case-Mix System (DUMIX) for ambulatory health care." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 50, no. 12 (December 1997): 1385-1394. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE, Hales, JW, Lobach, DF, and Straube, MJ. "Integration of a computer-based patient record system into the primary care setting." Comput Nurs 15, no. 2 Suppl (March 1997): S61-S68. Link to Item
  - Goodwin, L, Prather, J, Schlitz, K, Iannacchione, MA, Hage, M, Hammond, WE, and Grzymala-Busse, J. "Data mining issues for improved birth outcomes." Biomed Sci Instrum 34 (1997): 291-296. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE, Frisse, ME, Hripcsak, G, Mitchell, JA, Paton, J, Rodbard, D, Stead, B, Florance, V, Johnson, K, TarczyHornoch, P, and Rindfleisch, T. "Basic principles of information technology organization in health care institutions - Questions and answers." JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION 4, no. 2 (1997): S36-S40. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "Call for a standard clinical vocabulary." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 4, no. 3 (1997): 254-255.
  - Hammond, WE. "Health Level Seven. '96 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act." Healthcare informatics : the business magazine for information and communication systems 14, no. 1 (1997): 50--.
  - Lobach, DF, and Hammond, WE. "Computerized decision support based on a clinical practice guideline improves compliance with care standards." Am J Med 102, no. 1 (January 1997): 89-98. Link to Item
  - Prather, JC, Lobach, DF, Goodwin, LK, Hales, JW, Hage, ML, and Hammond, WE. "Medical data mining: knowledge discovery in a clinical data warehouse." Proceedings : a Conference of the American Medical Informatics Association. Amia Fall Symposium (January 1997): 101-105.
  - Prather, JC, Lobach, DF, Goodwin, LK, Hales, JW, Hage, ML, and Hammond, WE. "Medical Data Mining: Knowledge Discovery in a Clinical Data Warehouse." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 4, no. SUPPL. (January 1, 1997): 101-105.
  - Prather, JC, Lobach, DF, Hales, JW, Goodwin, LK, Hage, ML, Nagey, DA, and Hammond, WE. "Exploratory Data Analysis to Detect Preterm Risk Factors." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 4, no. SUPPL. (1997): 984--.
  - Hammond, WE, and McDougall, M. "Health Level Seven: the clinical data interchange standard." J AHIMA 67, no. 8 (September 1996): 42-45. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "Politics and standards." Healthc Inform 13, no. 9 (September 1996): 108-. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "HL7 Forum. How long does it take to write a standard?." Healthcare informatics : the business magazine for information and communication systems 13, no. 1 (1996): 58--.
  - Lundy, MS, Hammond, WE, and Lobach, DF. "Documenting data delivery: design, deployment, and decision." Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp (1996): 807-811. Link to Item
  - Pollard, D, Kucharz, E, and Hammond, WE. "Implications of the Java language on computer-based patient records." Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp (1996): 733-737. Link to Item
  - HAMMOND, WE. "INFORMATION-SYSTEMS WITH FADING BOUNDARIES - PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL INFORMATICS CONFERENCE, WORKING GROUP-10 WORKING GROUP CONFERENCE, 27-30 AUGUST 1994, DURHAM, NC - PREFACE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIO-MEDICAL COMPUTING 39, no. 1 (April 1995): R9-R9. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "The status of healthcare standards in the United States." Int J Biomed Comput 39, no. 1 (April 1995): 87-92. Link to Item
  - Yarnall, KS, Michener, JL, Broadhead, WE, Hammond, WE, and Tse, CK. "Computer-prompted diagnostic codes." The Journal of Family Practice 40, no. 3 (March 1995): 257-262.
  - HAMMOND, WE. "HEALTH INFORMATION AND HEALTH REFORM - UNDERSTANDING THE NEED FOR A NATIONAL-HEALTH INFORMATION-SYSTEM - DUNCAN,KA." JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION 2, no. 5 (1995): 292-293. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "Preface." International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing 39, no. 1 (1995): xi-.
  - Prather, JC, Lobach, DF, Hales, JW, Hage, ML, Fehrs, SJ, and Hammond, WE. "Converting a legacy system database into relational format to enhance query efficiency." Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care (1995): 372-376. Link to Item
  - Parkerson, GR, Hammond, WE, and Yarnall, KS. "Feasibility and potential clinical usefulness of a computerized severity of illness measure." Archives of Family Medicine 3, no. 11 (November 1994): 968-974.
  - Yarnall, KS, Michener, JL, and Hammond, WE. "The medical record: a comprehensive computer system for the family physician." The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 7, no. 4 (July 1994): 324-334.
  - Hammond, WE. "Presentation of the Morris F. Collen, M.D. Medal to Dr. Morris F. Collen." J Am Med Inform Assoc 1, no. 2 (March 1994): 202-204. Link to Item
  - HAMMOND, WE. "PRESENTATION OF THE MORRIS-F-COLLEN-MD-MEDAL TO DR COLLEN,MORRIS,F." JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION 1, no. 2 (1994): 202-204. Full Text Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "The role of standards in creating a health information infrastructure." Int J Biomed Comput 34, no. 1-4 (January 1994): 29-44. Link to Item
  - Lobach, DF, and Hammond, WE. "Development and evaluation of a Computer-Assisted Management Protocol (CAMP): improved compliance with care guidelines for diabetes mellitus." Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care (1994): 787-791. Link to Item
  - Stead, WW, Bird, WP, Califf, RM, Elchlepp, JG, Hammond, WE, and Kinney, TR. "The IAIMS at Duke University Medical Center: transition from model testing to implementation." M.D. Computing : Computers in Medical Practice 10, no. 4 (July 1993): 225-230.
  - Hammond, WE. "Health Level 7. A protocol for the interchange of healthcare data." Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 6 (January 1993): 144-148.
  - Hage, ML, Helms, MJ, Dudley, A, Stead, WW, Hammond, WE, Neyland, C, and Hammond, CB. "Acute childbirth morbidity: its measurement using hospital charges." Am J Obstet Gynecol 166, no. 6 Pt 1 (June 1992): 1853-1859. Link to Item
  - Fitzpatrick, K, Satz, D, Hammond, W, Grewal, R, 3rd, EH, Collins, J, and Moylan, JA. "Automated acuity scoring within a computer based medical record." Proceedings / the . Annual Symposium on Computer Application [sic] in Medical Care. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (1992): 673-677.
  - L. Hage, M, Helms, MJ, Dudley, A, Stead, WW, Hammond, WE, Neyland, C, and Hammond, CB. "Acute childbirth morbidity: Its measurement using hospital charges." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 166, no. 6 PART 1 (January 1, 1992): 1853-1862. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE. "Health Level 7: an application standard for electronic medical data exchange." Top Health Rec Manage 11, no. 4 (June 1991): 59-66. Link to Item
  - Grewal, R, Arcus, J, Bowen, J, Fitzpatrick, K, Hammond, WE, Hickey, L, and Stead, WW. "Bedside computerization of the ICU, design issues: benefits of computerization versus ease of paper & pen." Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care (1991): 793-797. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE, and Stead, WW. "Adopting TMR for physician/nurse use." Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care (1991): 833-837. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE, Straube, MJ, Blunden, PB, and Stead, WW. "Query: The language of databases." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1989): 419-423.
  - Stead, WW, Bird, WP, Carter, R, Elchlepp, J, Hammond, WE, Kootsey, JM, and Smith, PK. "IAIMS - The role of strategic planning." Proceedings - Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1989): 345-349.
  - Stead, WW, and Hammond, WE. "TMR - The medical record: Spanning the spectrum of patient care." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1989): 937-938.
  - McDonald, CJ, and Hammond, WE. "Standard formats for electronic transfer of clinical data." Annals of Internal Medicine 110, no. 5 (March 1989): 333-335. Full Text
  - Dryfoos, JD, Hammond, WE, Spero, LA, Rabold, JS, Straube, MJ, and Stead, WW. "Duke electronic mail post office: A practical mail linking system." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (November 1, 1988): 562-567.
  - Stead, WW, and Hammond, WE. "Computer-based medical records: The need for storing a single datum in multiple orientations." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (November 1, 1988): 625-629.
  - Hage, ML, Helms, MJ, Hammond, WE, and Hammond, CB. "Changing rates of cesarean delivery: the Duke experience, 1978-1986." Obstet Gynecol 72, no. 1 (July 1988): 98-101. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE, and Stead, WW. "Bedside terminals: an overview." M.D. computing : computers in medical practice 5, no. 1 (1988): 5-6.
  - Stead, WW, and Hammond, WE. "Computer-based medical records: The centerpiece of TMR." M.D. Computing 5, no. 5 (1988): 48-62.
  - Hammond, WE, and Stead, WW. "TLS - THE LABORATORY SYSTEM: A NETWORKED PATIENT CARE SYSTEM AND LABORATORY SYSTEM." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1987): 778-782.
  - Stead, WW, and Hammond, WE. "DEMAND-ORIENTED MEDICAL RECORDS: TOWARD A PHYSICIAN WORK STATION." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1987): 275-280.
  - HAMMOND, WE. "COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL RECORD SYSTEMS." M D COMPUTING 4, no. 3 (1987): 5-6. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE, and Stead, WW. "EVOLUTION OF A COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1986): 147-156.
  - Garrett, LE, Hammond, WE, and Stead, WW. "The effects of computerized medical records on provider efficiency and quality of care." Methods of Information in Medicine 25, no. 3 (July 1986): 151-157.
  - Dozier, JA, Hammond, WE, and Stead, WW. "CREATING A LINK BETWEEN MEDICAL AND ANALYTICAL DATABASES." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1985): 478-482.
  - Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, and Straube, MJ. "PLANNED NETWORKING FOR MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1985): 727-731.
  - Lutz, MW, Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, Blunden, PB, and Pryor, DB. "AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING SYSTEM TO CREATE MEDICALLY-ORIENTED REPORT GENERATORS." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1985): 422-426.
  - Stead, WW, and Hammond, WE. "CALCULATING STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR OFFICE PRACTICE SYSTEMS." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1985): 68-71.
  - Hammond, WE, Straube, MJ, Stead, WW, and Lutz, M. "TMR--MEETING THE DEMAND FOR THE VARIETY OF REPORT MODALITIES." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1984): 421-424.
  - Gehlbach, SH, Wilkinson, WE, Hammond, WE, Clapp, NE, Finn, AL, Taylor, WJ, and Rodell, MS. "Improving drug prescribing in a primary care practice." Medical Care 22, no. 3 (1984): 193-201.
  - Stead, WW, Hammond, WE, and Winfree, RG. "BEYOND A BASIC HIS: WORK STATIONS FOR DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT." Proceedings - Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (1984): 197-199.
  - Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, and Straube, MJ. "ADAPTING TO THE DAY TO DAY GROWTH OF TMR." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1983): 101-105.
  - Stead, WW, and Hammond, WE. "FUNCTIONS REQUIRED TO ALLOW TMR TO SUPPORT THE INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS OF A HOSPITAL." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1983): 106-109.
  - Stead, WW, Hammond, WE, and Straube, MJ. "A chartless record--is it adequate?." Journal of Medical Systems 7, no. 2 (April 1983): 103-109. Full Text
  - Jr, LEG, Stead, WW, and Hammond, WE. "Conversion of manual to total computerized medical records - Experience with selected abstraction." Journal of Medical Systems 7, no. 3 (1983): 301-305. Full Text
  - Stead, WW, Jr, LEG, and Hammond, WE. "Practicing nephrology with a computerized medical record." Kidney International 24, no. 4 (1983): 446-454.
  - Stead, WW, and Hammond, WE. "Computerized medical records - A new resource for clinical decision making." Journal of Medical Systems 7, no. 3 (1983): 213-220. Full Text
  - Pryor, DB, Stead, WW, Hammond, WE, Califf, RM, and Rosati, RA. "FEATURES OF TMR FOR A SUCCESSFUL CLINICAL AND RESEARCH DATABASE." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1982): 79-84.
  - Stead, WW, Hammond, WE, and Straube, MJ. "CHARTLESS RECORD - IS IT ADEQUATE?." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1982): 89-94.
  - Wilkinson, WE, Gehlbach, SH, Hammond, WE, and Clapp, NE. "USING COMPUTER-GENERATED FEEDBACK TO IMPROVE PHYSICIAN PRESCRIBING." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1982): 76-78.
  - Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, Straube, MJ, and Jelovsek, FR. "A perinatal database management system for ambulatory care." Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica 61, no. Suppl. 109 (January 1, 1982): 40-41.
  - Hammond, WE. "Computer will stand next to physician." Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1982): 15-16. Full Text
  - Jr, LEG, Stead, WW, Hammond, WE, McDonald, CJ, and Buecher, M. "METHOD OF HANDLING SUBJECTIVE AND PHYSICAL DATA; EXPERIENCE WITH TWO SYSTEMS." Proceedings - Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (1982): 232-235.
  - Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, and Straube, MJ. "EXPERIENCES IN THE TRANSFER OF A MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FROM AN ACADEMIC SETTING TO A PRIVATE SETTING." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1981): 949-952.
  - Hammond, WE. "COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL RECORDS FOR OFFICE AND AMBULATORY CLINIC PRACTICE." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (December 1, 1981): 99-null.
  - Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, Straube, MJ, and Jelovsek, FR. "Functional characteristics of a computerized medical record." Methods of Information in Medicine 19, no. 3 (July 1980): 157-162.
  - HAMMOND, WE. "THE GROWTH OF MEDICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED-STATES - LINDBERG,DAB." HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 15, no. 3 (1980): 314-315. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, Straube, MJ, Kelly, M, and Winfree, RG. "INTERFACE BETWEEN A HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND A COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL RECORD." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (January 1, 1980): 1537-1540.
  - Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, Straube, MJ, and Jelovsek, FR. "CLINICAL DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." International Journal on Policy and Information 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1980): 79-86.
  - Stead, WW, and Hammond, WE. "HOW TO REALIZE LABOR SAVINGS WITH A COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL RECORD." Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (January 1, 1980): 1200-1205.
  - Herpok, FJ, Hansen, JP, Ritter, JN, and Hammond, WE. "Total medical record: an automated medical information system." Medical Group Management 26, no. 5 (1979): 37-46.
  - Burch, JG, Heyman, A, Hammond, WE, and Haynes, C. "Computer-aided instruction in clinical neurology." Journal of Medical Education 53, no. 8 (August 1, 1978): 693-null.
  - Jelovsek, F, and Hammond, W. "Formal error rate in a computerized obstetric medical record." Methods of Information in Medicine 17, no. 3 (July 1978): 151-157.
  - Burch, JG, Heyman, A, Hammond, WE, and Haynes, C. "Computer-aided instruction in clinical neurology." Academic Medicine 53, no. 8 (January 1, 1978): 693-null. Full Text
  - Burch, JG, Heyman, A, Hammond, WE, and Haynes, C. "Computer-aided instruction in clinical neurology." Journal of Medical Education 53, no. 8 (1978): 693--.
  - Jelovsek, F, Smith, R, Blackmon, L, and Hammond, W. "Computerized nursery discharge summary." Methods of Information in Medicine 16, no. 4 (October 1977): 199-204.
  - Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, Feagin, SJ, Brantley, BA, and Straube, MJ. "DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR AMBULATORY CARE." (January 1, 1977): 173-187.
  - Jelovsek, FR, and Hammond, WE. "Experience in computerization of perinatal medical records." University of Michigan Medical Center Journal Vol. 43 (January 1, 1977): 5-8.
  - Stead, WW, Brame, RG, Hammond, WE, Jelovsek, FR, Estes, EH, and Parker, RT. "A computerized obstetric medical record." Obstetrics and Gynecology 49, no. 4 (1977): 502-509.
  - Stead, WW, Hammond, WE, and Estes, EH. "Evaluation of an audio mode of the automated medical history." Methods of Information in Medicine 16, no. 1 (January 1977): 20-23.
  - Ahlers, P, Sullivan, RJ, Hammond, WE, Walter, EL, and Tolley, HD. "The cost of auditing outpatient records." Southern Medical Journal 69, no. 10 (October 1976): 1328-1330.
  - HAMMOND, WE, WALTER, EL, FEAGIN, SJ, BRANTLEY, BA, STEAD, WW, and ESTES, EH. "COMPUTERS IN AMBULATORY CARE." CLINICAL MEDICINE 82, no. 8 (1975): 17-21. Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE, Walter, EL, Brantley, BA, Feagin, SJ, and Stead, WW. "EVOLUTION OF A MINICOMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEM." (January 1, 1975): 237-239.
  - Hammond, WE, Brantley, BA, Feagin, SJ, Lloyd, SC, Stead, WW, and Walter, EL. "GEMISCH—A Minicomputer Information Support System." Proceedings of the Ieee 61, no. 11 (January 1, 1973): 1575-1583. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE, Brantley, BA, and Feagin, SJ. "GEMISCH: A minicomputer information support system." Proceedings of the Ieee 61, no. 11 (January 1, 1973): 1583-1588.
  - Pearlman, MH, Hammond, WE, and Thompson, HK. "An automated 'well baby' questionnaire." Pediatrics 51, no. 6 (1973): 972-979.
  - Stead, WW, Heyman, A, Thompson, HK, and Hammond, WE. "Computer-assisted interview of patients with functional headache." Archives of internal medicine 129, no. 6 (June 1972): 950-955. Full Text
  - Jackson, PE, Owen, HA, and Hammond, WE. "Digital control of a frequency synthesizer." Review of Scientific Instruments 39, no. 5 (December 1, 1968): 769-770. Full Text
  - Hammond, W, Jackson, P, and Owen, H. "A Hybrid Cross-Correlation Data Processing System." Ieee Transactions on Communications 16, no. 5 (October 1968): 731-736. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE, Jackson, PE, and Owen, HA. "Linear voltage-amplitude to pulse-width conversion utilizing a controlled unijunction monostable multivibrator." Ieee Journal of Solid State Circuits 3, no. 3 (September 1968): 295-300. Full Text
  - Zinsser, HH, Hammond, W, André, B, Bennett, R, Kraemer, RJ, Lee, RV, Lorenze, EJ, Page, HF, and Verwoerdt, A. "Health care needs of the aging--seminar discussion groups. II. Geriatrics as a special body of knowledge." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 16, no. 2 (February 1968): 188-205.
  - Babaa, IMH, Wilson, TG, Yu, Y, Hammond, WE, and Moore, ET. "Dc-to-Dc Converter Using Inductive- Energy Storage for Voltage Transformation and Regulation." Ieee Transactions on Magnetics MAG-2, no. 1 (January 1, 1966): 18-25. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE, Wilson, TG, Bábaá, IMH, Yu, Y, and Moore, ET. "A D-C to D-C converter using two synchronized complementary converters." Ieee Transactions on Aerospace AS-3, no. 2 (January 1, 1965): 201-209. Full Text
  - HAMMOND, W. "Greetings of the Medical Society of the State of New York." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 11 (February 1963): 119-null. Full Text
  - KAPLAN, B, and HAMMOND, W. "Public housing of elderly in Chicago." Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) 16 (December 1961): 655-663.
  - HAMMOND, W. "A geriatric orientation." New York State Journal of Medicine 54, no. 24 (December 1954): 3387-3395.
  - HAMMOND, W, and MEGOWEN, VA. "Physical disability as a source of public dependency in Westchester County." New York State Journal of Medicine 52, no. 18 (September 1952): 2290-2294.
  - Hammond, W. "Common disorders of the aged." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 4, no. 3 (January 1, 1956): 215-223. Full Text
  - Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, Straube, MJ, and Collins, JD. "EXPERIENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMBULATORY CARE MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM." IAHS-AISH Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences-Association Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques) : 452-456.
  - JORDAN, M, KEPES, M, HAYES, RB, and HAMMOND, W. "Dietary habits of persons living alone." Geriatrics 9, no. 5 (May 1954): 230-232.
  - Stead, WW. "Computer-assisted interview of patients with functional headache." Archives of Internal Medicine 129, no. 6 (June 1, 1972): 950-955. Full Text
- Book Sections
  - Hammond, WE, Jaffe, C, Cimino, JJ, and Huff, SM. "Standards in biomedical informatics." In Biomedical Informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine: Fourth Edition, 211-253. January 1, 2014. Full Text
- Conference Papers
  - Hammond, WE. "An introduction to health level seven." January 1, 2002.
  - "Messaging and the EHR: Soul-mates or foes? Is convergence possible?." January 1, 2001. Full Text
  - Cooper, JG, Liu, GC, Schoeffler, KM, and Hammond, WE. "Electronic health record: The need to prune." : OXFORD UNIV PRESS, January 1, 2001. Link to Item
  - Goodwin, LK, Maher, SG, Iannacchione, MA, Crockett, PA, and Hammond, WE. "New data mining tools for outcomes analysis in complex clinical problems." 1999. Link to Item
  - HAGE, ML, HELMS, MJ, DUDLEY, A, STEAD, WW, HAMMOND, WE, NEYLAND, C, and HAMMOND, CB. "ACUTE CHILDBIRTH MORBIDITY - ITS MEASUREMENT USING HOSPITAL CHARGES." June 1992. Full Text Link to Item
  - Hammond, WE. "Patient management systems: The early years." December 1, 1987.
  - STEAD, WW, and HAMMOND, WE. "DETERMINANTS OF USE OF COMPUTERIZED CONSULTATION." 1983. Link to Item
  - GARRETT, LE, STEAD, WW, and HAMMOND, WE. "EFFECT OF AUTOMATED RECORDS ON PROVIDER EFFICIENCY." 1982. Link to Item
  - GEHLBACH, SH, WILKINSON, WE, HAMMOND, WE, CLAPP, NE, FINN, AL, TAYLOR, WJ, and RODELL, M. "IMPROVING DRUG PRESCRIBING IN FAMILY-PRACTICE." 1982. Link to Item
  - GEHLBACH, SH, HAMMOND, WE, WILKINSON, WE, FINN, AL, TAYLOR, WJ, and CLAPP, NE. "IMPROVING PHYSICIAN DRUG PRESCRIBING THROUGH COMPUTER FEEDBACK." 1981. Link to Item
  - Lloyd, SC, Alton Brantley, B, Hammond, WE, Stead, WW, and Thompson, HK. "A generalized medical information system (GEMISCH) for practicing physicians." January 1, 1971.
  - West, VL, Borland, D, and Hammond, WE. "Visualization of EHR and Health Related Data for Information Discovery." 2013 Workshop on Visual Analytics in Healthcare. Washington, DC. November 16, 2013 - November 16, 2013. Open Access Copy
Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
- BME 790: Advanced Topics for Graduate Students in Biomedical Engineering 2019
- IDS 790: Special Topics in Interdisciplinary Data Science 2019

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