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Smoking in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: baseline validation of self-report and effects on phenotype.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Legro, RS; Chen, G; Kunselman, AR; Schlaff, WD; Diamond, MP; Coutifaris, C; Carson, SA; Steinkampf, MP; Carr, BR; McGovern, PG; Cataldo, NA ...
Published in: Hum Reprod
December 2014

STUDY QUESTION: Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) seeking fertility treatment report smoking accurately and does participation in infertility treatment alter smoking? SUMMARY ANSWER: Self-report of smoking in infertile women with PCOS is accurate (based on serum cotinine levels) and smoking is unlikely to change over time with infertility treatment. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Women with PCOS have high rates of smoking and it is associated with worse insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Secondary study of smoking history from a large randomized controlled trial of infertility treatments in women with PCOS (N = 626) including a nested case-control study (N = 148) of serum cotinine levels within this cohort to validate self-report of smoking. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Women with PCOS, age 18-40, seeking fertility who participated in a multi-center clinical trial testing first-line ovulation induction agents conducted at academic health centers in the USA. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Overall, self-report of smoking in the nested case-control study agreed well with smoking status as determined by measure of serum cotinine levels, at 90% or better for each of the groups at baseline (98% of never smokers had cotinine levels <15 ng/ml compared with 90% of past smokers and 6% of current smokers). There were minor changes in smoking status as determined by serum cotinine levels over time, with the greatest change found in the smoking groups (past or current smokers). In the larger cohort, hirsutism scores at baseline were lower in the never smokers compared with past smokers. Total testosterone levels at baseline were also lower in the never smokers compared with current smokers. At end of study follow-up insulin levels and homeostatic index of insulin resistance increased in the current smokers (P < 0.01 for both) compared with baseline and with non-smokers. The chance for ovulation was not associated with smoking status, but live birth rates were increased (non-significantly) in never or past smokers. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The limitations include the selection bias involved in our nested case-control study, the possibility of misclassifying exposure to second hand smoke as smoking and our failure to capture self-reported changes in smoking status after enrollment in the trial. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Because self-report of smoking is accurate, further testing of smoking status is not necessary in women with PCOS. Because smoking status is unlikely to change during infertility treatment, extra attention should be focused on smoking cessation in current or recent smokers who seek or who are receiving infertility treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: Sponsored by the Eugene Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00068861 and NCT00719186.

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Published In

Hum Reprod

DOI

EISSN

1460-2350

Publication Date

December 2014

Volume

29

Issue

12

Start / End Page

2680 / 2686

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Smoking
  • Self Disclosure
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  • Phenotype
  • Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Infertility, Female
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Cotinine
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Legro, R. S., Chen, G., Kunselman, A. R., Schlaff, W. D., Diamond, M. P., Coutifaris, C., … Reproductive Medicine Network, . (2014). Smoking in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: baseline validation of self-report and effects on phenotype. Hum Reprod, 29(12), 2680–2686. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deu239
Legro, Richard S., Gang Chen, Allen R. Kunselman, William D. Schlaff, Michael P. Diamond, Christos Coutifaris, Sandra A. Carson, et al. “Smoking in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: baseline validation of self-report and effects on phenotype.Hum Reprod 29, no. 12 (December 2014): 2680–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deu239.
Legro RS, Chen G, Kunselman AR, Schlaff WD, Diamond MP, Coutifaris C, et al. Smoking in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: baseline validation of self-report and effects on phenotype. Hum Reprod. 2014 Dec;29(12):2680–6.
Legro, Richard S., et al. “Smoking in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: baseline validation of self-report and effects on phenotype.Hum Reprod, vol. 29, no. 12, Dec. 2014, pp. 2680–86. Pubmed, doi:10.1093/humrep/deu239.
Legro RS, Chen G, Kunselman AR, Schlaff WD, Diamond MP, Coutifaris C, Carson SA, Steinkampf MP, Carr BR, McGovern PG, Cataldo NA, Gosman GG, Nestler JE, Myers ER, Zhang H, Foulds J, Reproductive Medicine Network. Smoking in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: baseline validation of self-report and effects on phenotype. Hum Reprod. 2014 Dec;29(12):2680–2686.
Journal cover image

Published In

Hum Reprod

DOI

EISSN

1460-2350

Publication Date

December 2014

Volume

29

Issue

12

Start / End Page

2680 / 2686

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Smoking
  • Self Disclosure
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  • Phenotype
  • Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Infertility, Female
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Cotinine