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Cardio-metabolic risk factors and prehypertension in persons without diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Chiang, PPC; Lamoureux, EL; Shankar, A; Tai, ES; Wong, TY; Sabanayagam, C
Published in: BMC Public Health
August 7, 2013

BACKGROUND: Prehypertension has been shown to be an early risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the prevalence and pattern of cardiometabolic risk factors in prehypertension in three ethnic Asian populations in Singapore. METHODS: We examined data from Chinese (n=1177), Malay (n=774), and Indian (n=985) adults aged 40-80 years who participated in three independent population based studies conducted from 2004-2011 in Singapore who were free of diabetes, hypertension and previous CVD. Prehypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) 120-139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80-89 mm Hg. Random blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were examined as indicators of adverse cardiometabolic profile. The association between metabolic variables and prehypertension was examined using logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The prevalence of prehypertension was 59.8% (Chinese), 68.9% (Malays) and 57.7% Indians. Higher levels of blood glucose, HbA1c and BMI were significantly associated with prehypertension in all three ethnic groups, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of prehypertension in Chinese, Malays and Indians were: 1.42 (1.10, 1.83), 1.53 (1.05, 2.24), 1.49 (1.13, 1.98) for high-glucose; 3.50 (1.01, 12.18), 3.72 (1.29, 10.75), 2.79 (1.31, 5.94) for high-HbA1c; 1.86 (1.34, 2.56), 2.96 (2.10, 4.18), 1.68 (1.28, 2.20) for high-BMI. In addition, higher levels of LDL cholesterol in Chinese and higher levels of triglycerides were significantly associated with prehypertension. These associations persisted when metabolic variables were analysed as continuous variables. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of blood glucose, HbA1c and BMI were associated with prehypertension in all three ethnic groups in Singapore. Screening for prehypertension and lifestyle modifications could potentially reduce the burden of CVD in otherwise healthy Asian adults living in Singapore.

Duke Scholars

Published In

BMC Public Health

DOI

EISSN

1471-2458

Publication Date

August 7, 2013

Volume

13

Start / End Page

730

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Triglycerides
  • Singapore
  • Risk Factors
  • Public Health
  • Prevalence
  • Prehypertension
  • Odds Ratio
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Malaysia
 

Citation

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Chiang, P. P. C., Lamoureux, E. L., Shankar, A., Tai, E. S., Wong, T. Y., & Sabanayagam, C. (2013). Cardio-metabolic risk factors and prehypertension in persons without diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. BMC Public Health, 13, 730. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-730
Chiang, Peggy P. C., Ecosse L. Lamoureux, Anoop Shankar, E Shyong Tai, Tien Y. Wong, and Charumathi Sabanayagam. “Cardio-metabolic risk factors and prehypertension in persons without diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.BMC Public Health 13 (August 7, 2013): 730. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-730.
Chiang PPC, Lamoureux EL, Shankar A, Tai ES, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. Cardio-metabolic risk factors and prehypertension in persons without diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. BMC Public Health. 2013 Aug 7;13:730.
Chiang, Peggy P. C., et al. “Cardio-metabolic risk factors and prehypertension in persons without diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.BMC Public Health, vol. 13, Aug. 2013, p. 730. Pubmed, doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-730.
Chiang PPC, Lamoureux EL, Shankar A, Tai ES, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. Cardio-metabolic risk factors and prehypertension in persons without diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. BMC Public Health. 2013 Aug 7;13:730.
Journal cover image

Published In

BMC Public Health

DOI

EISSN

1471-2458

Publication Date

August 7, 2013

Volume

13

Start / End Page

730

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Triglycerides
  • Singapore
  • Risk Factors
  • Public Health
  • Prevalence
  • Prehypertension
  • Odds Ratio
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Malaysia