Heterotopic ossification in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury

There are two existing forms of heterotopic ossification: the hereditary and the acquired forms. The acquired heterotopic ossification is the most common form. It is classified in two groups, the traumatic heterotopic ossification (THO) and the neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO). The neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a common complication after spinal cord injury (SCI) and after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The early diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic heterotopic ossifications is difficult. This review describes the incidence, the location, the clinical signs and the risk factors. Additionally, the different diagnostic and therapeutic methods currently used in NHO management after SCI and TBI will be discussed. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart.

Duke Scholars

Author Thorsten Markus Seyler Orthopaedic Surgery