Articular Cartilage Injury
In an effort to decrease the risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis, surgeons and scientists have been seeking ways to prevent progressive joint degeneration following injury. Surgeons have used operative treatments, including penetrating subchondral bone, soft-tissue grafts, and cell transplants, to stimulate restoration of damaged articular surfaces, with variable results. This chapter covers recent advances in the use of artificial matrices, growth factors, and immature chondrocytes or stem cells to promote cartilage repair as well as work suggesting that several biologic agents, including capsase inhibitors, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory drugs may minimize the effects of mechanical damage to chondrocytes. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..
