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Risk factors for strabismus and amblyopia in young Singapore Chinese children.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Chia, A; Lin, X; Dirani, M; Gazzard, G; Ramamurthy, D; Quah, B-L; Chang, B; Ling, Y; Leo, S-W; Wong, T-Y; Saw, S-M
Published in: Ophthalmic Epidemiol
June 2013

PURPOSE: To determine the risk factors for strabismus and amblyopia in young Singapore Chinese children. METHODS: A total of 3009 children were recruited for the population-based cross-sectional Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive Error in Singaporean Preschoolers Study (STARS). Strabismus was defined as any tropia identified on cover test. Visual acuity was measured in children aged 30-72 months with a logMAR chart where possible and the Sheridan-Gardiner test if not. Amblyopia was defined based on visual acuity and refractive error or presence of strabismus or past/present visual axis obstruction. Parents completed questionnaires on family, prenatal and birth histories. RESULTS: Our study showed that 24 children aged 6-72 months (1.2%) had strabismus (20 with exotropia), and 20 children aged 30-72 months (0.8%) were amblyopic. After multivariate analysis, strabismus was associated with astigmatism ≥1.00 diopter (D; p = 0.03), amblyopia (p = 0.003), a sibling with strabismus (p < 0.001), and families with lower parental education (p = 0.04). In addition to strabismus, amblyopia was associated with anisometropia ≥1.00 D (p < 0.001) and astigmatism ≥1.00 D (p < 0.001). No association was noted between either strabismus or amblyopia and prematurity, maternal age or smoking. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of family history in strabismus, and the close associations between refractive error and strabismus with amblyopia. These factors play a more important role in young Singapore Chinese children.

Duke Scholars

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Published In

Ophthalmic Epidemiol

DOI

EISSN

1744-5086

Publication Date

June 2013

Volume

20

Issue

3

Start / End Page

138 / 147

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Visual Acuity
  • Vision Tests
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Strabismus
  • Singapore
  • Risk Factors
  • Refraction, Ocular
  • Male
  • Infant
  • Humans
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Chia, A., Lin, X., Dirani, M., Gazzard, G., Ramamurthy, D., Quah, B.-L., … Saw, S.-M. (2013). Risk factors for strabismus and amblyopia in young Singapore Chinese children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 20(3), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.3109/09286586.2013.767354
Chia, Audrey, XiaoYu Lin, Mohamed Dirani, Gus Gazzard, Dharani Ramamurthy, Boon-Long Quah, Benjamin Chang, et al. “Risk factors for strabismus and amblyopia in young Singapore Chinese children.Ophthalmic Epidemiol 20, no. 3 (June 2013): 138–47. https://doi.org/10.3109/09286586.2013.767354.
Chia A, Lin X, Dirani M, Gazzard G, Ramamurthy D, Quah B-L, et al. Risk factors for strabismus and amblyopia in young Singapore Chinese children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013 Jun;20(3):138–47.
Chia, Audrey, et al. “Risk factors for strabismus and amblyopia in young Singapore Chinese children.Ophthalmic Epidemiol, vol. 20, no. 3, June 2013, pp. 138–47. Pubmed, doi:10.3109/09286586.2013.767354.
Chia A, Lin X, Dirani M, Gazzard G, Ramamurthy D, Quah B-L, Chang B, Ling Y, Leo S-W, Wong T-Y, Saw S-M. Risk factors for strabismus and amblyopia in young Singapore Chinese children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013 Jun;20(3):138–147.

Published In

Ophthalmic Epidemiol

DOI

EISSN

1744-5086

Publication Date

June 2013

Volume

20

Issue

3

Start / End Page

138 / 147

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Visual Acuity
  • Vision Tests
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Strabismus
  • Singapore
  • Risk Factors
  • Refraction, Ocular
  • Male
  • Infant
  • Humans