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TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Gomes, JAP; Azar, DT; Baudouin, C; Efron, N; Hirayama, M; Horwath-Winter, J; Kim, T; Mehta, JS; Messmer, EM; Pepose, JS; Sangwan, VS ...
Published in: Ocul Surf
July 2017

Dry eye can be caused by a variety of iatrogenic interventions. The increasing number of patients looking for eye care or cosmetic procedures involving the eyes, together with a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of dry eye disease (DED), have led to the need for a specific report about iatrogenic dry eye within the TFOS DEWS II. Topical medications can cause DED due to their allergic, toxic and immuno-inflammatory effects on the ocular surface. Preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, may further aggravate DED. A variety of systemic drugs can also induce DED secondary to multiple mechanisms. Moreover, the use of contact lens induces or is associated with DED. However, one of the most emblematic situations is DED caused by surgical procedures such as corneal refractive surgery as in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and keratoplasty due to mechanisms intrinsic to the procedure (i.e. corneal nerve cutting) or even by the use of postoperative topical drugs. Cataract surgery, lid surgeries, botulinum toxin application and cosmetic procedures are also considered risk factors to iatrogenic DED, which can cause patient dissatisfaction, visual disturbance and poor surgical outcomes. This report also presents future directions to address iatrogenic DED, including the need for more in-depth epidemiological studies about the risk factors, development of less toxic medications and preservatives, as well as new techniques for less invasive eye surgeries. Novel research into detection of early dry eye prior to surgeries, efforts to establish appropriate therapeutics and a greater attempt to regulate and oversee medications, preservatives and procedures should be considered.

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Published In

Ocul Surf

DOI

EISSN

1937-5913

Publication Date

July 2017

Volume

15

Issue

3

Start / End Page

511 / 538

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Ophthalmology & Optometry
  • Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ
  • Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
  • Iatrogenic Disease
  • Humans
  • Dry Eye Syndromes
  • Contact Lenses
  • 1113 Opthalmology and Optometry
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
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Gomes, J. A. P., Azar, D. T., Baudouin, C., Efron, N., Hirayama, M., Horwath-Winter, J., … Wolffsohn, J. S. (2017). TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report. Ocul Surf, 15(3), 511–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.004
Gomes, José Alvaro P., Dimitri T. Azar, Christophe Baudouin, Nathan Efron, Masatoshi Hirayama, Jutta Horwath-Winter, Terry Kim, et al. “TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report.Ocul Surf 15, no. 3 (July 2017): 511–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.004.
Gomes JAP, Azar DT, Baudouin C, Efron N, Hirayama M, Horwath-Winter J, et al. TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report. Ocul Surf. 2017 Jul;15(3):511–38.
Gomes, José Alvaro P., et al. “TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report.Ocul Surf, vol. 15, no. 3, July 2017, pp. 511–38. Pubmed, doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.004.
Gomes JAP, Azar DT, Baudouin C, Efron N, Hirayama M, Horwath-Winter J, Kim T, Mehta JS, Messmer EM, Pepose JS, Sangwan VS, Weiner AL, Wilson SE, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report. Ocul Surf. 2017 Jul;15(3):511–538.
Journal cover image

Published In

Ocul Surf

DOI

EISSN

1937-5913

Publication Date

July 2017

Volume

15

Issue

3

Start / End Page

511 / 538

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Ophthalmology & Optometry
  • Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ
  • Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
  • Iatrogenic Disease
  • Humans
  • Dry Eye Syndromes
  • Contact Lenses
  • 1113 Opthalmology and Optometry