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Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Williams, CM; Ragland, GJ; Betini, G; Buckley, LB; Cheviron, ZA; Donohue, K; Hereford, J; Humphries, MM; Lisovski, S; Marshall, KE; Schmidt, PS ...
Published in: Integrative and comparative biology
November 2017

Seasonality is a critically important aspect of environmental variability, and strongly shapes all aspects of life for organisms living in highly seasonal environments. Seasonality has played a key role in generating biodiversity, and has driven the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations and behaviors such as migration and hibernation. Fluctuating selection pressures on survival and fecundity between summer and winter provide a complex selective landscape, which can be met by a combination of three outcomes of adaptive evolution: genetic polymorphism, phenotypic plasticity, and bet-hedging. Here, we have identified four important research questions with the goal of advancing our understanding of evolutionary impacts of seasonality. First, we ask how characteristics of environments and species will determine which adaptive response occurs. Relevant characteristics include costs and limits of plasticity, predictability, and reliability of cues, and grain of environmental variation relative to generation time. A second important question is how phenological shifts will amplify or ameliorate selection on physiological hardiness. Shifts in phenology can preserve the thermal niche despite shifts in climate, but may fail to completely conserve the niche or may even expose life stages to conditions that cause mortality. Considering distinct environmental sensitivities of life history stages will be key to refining models that forecast susceptibility to climate change. Third, we must identify critical physiological phenotypes that underlie seasonal adaptation and work toward understanding the genetic architectures of these responses. These architectures are key for predicting evolutionary responses. Pleiotropic genes that regulate multiple responses to changing seasons may facilitate coordination among functionally related traits, or conversely may constrain the expression of optimal phenotypes. Finally, we must advance our understanding of how changes in seasonal fluctuations are impacting ecological interaction networks. We should move beyond simple dyadic interactions, such as predator prey dynamics, and understand how these interactions scale up to affect ecological interaction networks. As global climate change alters many aspects of seasonal variability, including extreme events and changes in mean conditions, organisms must respond appropriately or go extinct. The outcome of adaptation to seasonality will determine responses to climate change.

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Published In

Integrative and comparative biology

DOI

EISSN

1557-7023

ISSN

1540-7063

Publication Date

November 2017

Volume

57

Issue

5

Start / End Page

921 / 933

Related Subject Headings

  • Seasons
  • Plant Physiological Phenomena
  • Phenotype
  • Life History Traits
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Climate Change
  • Climate
  • Biological Evolution
  • Animals
  • Adaptation, Biological
 

Citation

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Williams, C. M., Ragland, G. J., Betini, G., Buckley, L. B., Cheviron, Z. A., Donohue, K., … Visser, M. E. (2017). Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 57(5), 921–933. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx122
Williams, Caroline M., Gregory J. Ragland, Gustavo Betini, Lauren B. Buckley, Zachary A. Cheviron, Kathleen Donohue, Joe Hereford, et al. “Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium.Integrative and Comparative Biology 57, no. 5 (November 2017): 921–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx122.
Williams CM, Ragland GJ, Betini G, Buckley LB, Cheviron ZA, Donohue K, et al. Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium. Integrative and comparative biology. 2017 Nov;57(5):921–33.
Williams, Caroline M., et al. “Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium.Integrative and Comparative Biology, vol. 57, no. 5, Nov. 2017, pp. 921–33. Epmc, doi:10.1093/icb/icx122.
Williams CM, Ragland GJ, Betini G, Buckley LB, Cheviron ZA, Donohue K, Hereford J, Humphries MM, Lisovski S, Marshall KE, Schmidt PS, Sheldon KS, Varpe Ø, Visser ME. Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium. Integrative and comparative biology. 2017 Nov;57(5):921–933.
Journal cover image

Published In

Integrative and comparative biology

DOI

EISSN

1557-7023

ISSN

1540-7063

Publication Date

November 2017

Volume

57

Issue

5

Start / End Page

921 / 933

Related Subject Headings

  • Seasons
  • Plant Physiological Phenomena
  • Phenotype
  • Life History Traits
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Climate Change
  • Climate
  • Biological Evolution
  • Animals
  • Adaptation, Biological