Notice of Removal: Low cost 3D Doppler ultrasound: Preliminary in vivo results
Conventional 2D Doppler ultrasound is a valuable screening tool for early detection of cardiovascular disease, including aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (AA) and stenosis of the carotid artery (CA). However, vascular ultrasound screening rates remain low and vary widely among physicians, due to the need for a skilled sonographer, equipment costs and scan time. We have recently developed a low-cost method to acquire 3D B-mode images using existing 2D clinical ultrasound systems, and 3D Doppler is a necessary feature for the application of this technology in vascular screening. Volumetric 3D Doppler ultrasound could enable faster scans by untrained users, and while 3D Doppler is available on some high-end systems, these are prohibitively expensive for deployment at the point-of-care. We demonstrate a fast and reliable method to enable comprehensive 3D Doppler acquisition using low-cost, peripheral hardware.
