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Surveillance after prostate focal therapy.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Tay, KJ; Amin, MB; Ghai, S; Jimenez, RE; Kench, JG; Klotz, L; Montironi, R; Muto, S; Rastinehad, AR; Turkbey, B; Villers, A; Polascik, TJ
Published in: World J Urol
March 2019

INTRODUCTION: Long-term outcomes from large cohorts are not yet available upon which to base recommended follow-up protocols after prostate focal therapy. This is an updated summary of a 2015 SIU-ICUD review of the best available current evidence and expert consensus on guidelines for surveillance after prostate focal therapy. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases to identify studies where primary prostate focal therapy was performed to treat prostate cancer. RESULTS: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) should be performed at 3-6 months, 12-24 months and at 5 years after focal therapy. Targeted biopsy of the treated zone should be performed at 3-6 months and fusion biopsy of any suspicious lesion seen on mpMRI. Additionally, a systematic biopsy should be performed at 12-24 months and again at 5 years. In histological diagnosis, characteristic changes of each treatment modality should be noted and in indeterminate situations various immunohistochemical molecular markers can be helpful. Small volume 3 + 3 (Prognostic grade group [PGG] 1) or very small volume (< 0.2 cc or < 7 mm diameter) 3 + 4 (PGG 2) are acceptable in the treated zone at longitudinal follow-up. Significant volumes of 3 + 4 (PGG 2) or more within the treated zone should be treated. Any clinically significant cancer subsequently arising within the non-treated zone should be treated and handled in the same way as any de novo prostate cancer. Patients should be counseled regarding whole-gland and focal approaches to treating these new foci where appropriate. One or two well-delineated foci of significant cancer can be ablated to keep the patient in the 'active surveillance pool'. More extensive disease should be treated with traditional whole-gland techniques. CONCLUSION: Focal therapy remains a nascent field largely comprising single center cohorts with little long-term data. Our current post-focal therapy surveillance consensus recommendations represent the synthesis of the best available evidence as well as expert opinion. Further work is necessary to define the most oncologically safe and cost-effective way of following patients after focal therapy.

Duke Scholars

Published In

World J Urol

DOI

EISSN

1433-8726

Publication Date

March 2019

Volume

37

Issue

3

Start / End Page

397 / 407

Location

Germany

Related Subject Headings

  • Urology & Nephrology
  • Tumor Burden
  • Prostatic Neoplasms
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
  • Neoplasm Grading
  • Male
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Laser Therapy
 

Citation

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MLA
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Tay, K. J., Amin, M. B., Ghai, S., Jimenez, R. E., Kench, J. G., Klotz, L., … Polascik, T. J. (2019). Surveillance after prostate focal therapy. World J Urol, 37(3), 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2363-y
Journal cover image

Published In

World J Urol

DOI

EISSN

1433-8726

Publication Date

March 2019

Volume

37

Issue

3

Start / End Page

397 / 407

Location

Germany

Related Subject Headings

  • Urology & Nephrology
  • Tumor Burden
  • Prostatic Neoplasms
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
  • Neoplasm Grading
  • Male
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Laser Therapy