A network model for stemflow solute transport

While the role of stemflow in directing and concentrating water and nutrients at the tree base is rarely in dispute, its mathematical representation remains a subject of inquiry and research. A network model that seeks to estimate stemflow solute concentration and leaching is proposed. The model accommodates the physico-chemical properties of individual furrows embedded within the tree bark and their interconnections. The within-furrow equations for water and solute transport that include leaching are first developed and integrated along a rough-bark network topology to describe solute concentration and fluxes out of the network. The model is parameterized using published data on stemflow, field measurements of bark geometry, and laboratory experiments on bark leaching for potassium, magnesium, and calcium. The parameterization is intended to impose plausibility constraints and not to test model predictions at a particular site, a single event, or an individual experiment. The outflow concentration is then analyzed as a function of the network complexity that includes asymmetry in the lengths or subpaths connecting network nodes. For a symmetric network, an effective ’channel-flow’ analogy may be used to represent solute concentration at the outflow. However, as the asymmetry increases in subpath lengths, the efficiency of the bark network at moving solutes diminishes for the same rainfall input onto the stem. The network representation featured here is by no means offering a ’finality’ to the stemflow mathematical representation. It must be viewed as an embryonic step that opens up the possibility of using modern advances in network theories to link rainfall properties to stemflow water and solute input from a variety of tree species with differing bark microrelief configurations into the soil.

Duke Scholars

Author Gabriel G. Katul Civil and Environmental Engineering