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The Development of Prostate Adenocarcinoma in a Transgender Male to Female Patient: Could Estrogen Therapy Have Played a Role?
BACKGROUND: Prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) is a rare diagnosis in the male to female transgender (MtFT) population with only a few case reports published in the current medical literature. Long standing beliefs of androgen suppression conferring a protective effect against prostate cancer development have been challenged by the literature citing adenocarcinoma development in the prostate of rodent models following combined estrogen and testosterone treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We herein present a MtFT patient who presented with high grade PCa following 20 years of exogenous estrogen therapy. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical (IHC) localization of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) and progesterone receptor (PR) demonstrated positive staining in stromal cells; while, androgen receptor (AR) demonstrated positive staining in malignant glands and weak scattered staining in adjacent stroma. CONCLUSION: This pattern of staining raises concern for a possible contributing role of exogenous estrogen therapy in tumorigenesis. As awareness of gender dysphoria and acceptance of gender reassignment surgery has seen a recent increase, the unique needs of this population must be recognized. Prostate 77:824-828, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Related Subject Headings
- Treatment Outcome
- Transgender Persons
- Testosterone
- Sex Reassignment Procedures
- Robotic Surgical Procedures
- Prostatic Neoplasms
- Prostatectomy
- Prostate-Specific Antigen
- Oncology & Carcinogenesis
- Neoplasm Staging
Citation
![Journal cover image](https://secure.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1097-0045&client=dukeuniv)
Published In
DOI
EISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- Treatment Outcome
- Transgender Persons
- Testosterone
- Sex Reassignment Procedures
- Robotic Surgical Procedures
- Prostatic Neoplasms
- Prostatectomy
- Prostate-Specific Antigen
- Oncology & Carcinogenesis
- Neoplasm Staging