Socioeconomic disparities in access to HIV/AIDS treatment programs in resource-limited settings.

This study employs data from rural South Africa to determine whether there were socioeconomic differences in the profile of HIV-infected persons living in the community and HIV-infected patients presenting for hospital-based outpatient HIV/AIDS care and related services. There were 776 HIV-infected persons aged 18-35 years in Limpopo Province, South Africa who were included in the study, including 534 consecutive patients who presented for care at a hospital-based outpatient HIV clinic, and 242 persons living in the community. Persons seen in clinic had a higher overall socioeconomic profile compared to the community sample. They were more likely to have completed matric or tertiary education (P=0.04), less likely to be unemployed (P<0.001), and more likely to live in households with access to a private tap water supply (P<0.001). These differences persisted after multivariable adjustment. Our findings demonstrate that important socioeconomic differences in uptake of hospital-based HIV/AIDS care were identified among HIV-infected adults living in a rural region of South Africa. This suggests an important limitation in hospital-based HIV/AIDS care and underscores the need to monitor the equity implications of highly active antiretroviral therapy scale-up in resource-limited settings.