Leukemia and Eye
Retinal involvement in leukemia was first described by Liebreich in 1860. Since then, it has been shown that leukemia can involve nearly any eye structure. Since ocular symptoms can be the first manifestation of the disorder, it is imperative for ophthalmologists to be acquainted with the ocular features of leukemia to ensure appropriate management. Ocular manifestations can be a result of the hematologic disturbances or a treatment side effect. The reported ocular involvement in leukemia has been widely varied, in the 9-90% range. Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common form associated with ocular involvement. Retina is the most commonly involved ocular structure and the symptoms can protean, depending on the structure affected. Many of these patients are immunosuppressed and are at risk of opportunistic infections. The diagnosis is established with imaging studies, orbital biopsy, peripheral smear, and bone marrow biopsy. Systemic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment. Early diagnosis and prompt referral to the oncologist is life-saving.
