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Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Streed, CG; Beach, LB; Caceres, BA; Dowshen, NL; Moreau, KL; Mukherjee, M; Poteat, T; Radix, A; Reisner, SL; Singh, V; Council on Hypertension ...
Published in: Circulation
August 2021

There is growing evidence that people who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD) are impacted by disparities across a variety of cardiovascular risk factors compared with their peers who are cisgender. Prior literature has characterized disparities in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as a result of a higher prevalence of health risk behaviors. Mounting research has revealed that cardiovascular risk factors at the individual level likely do not fully account for increased risk in cardiovascular health disparities among people who are TGD. Excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is hypothesized to be driven in part by psychosocial stressors across the lifespan at multiple levels, including structural violence (eg, discrimination, affordable housing, access to health care). This American Heart Association scientific statement reviews the existing literature on the cardiovascular health of people who are TGD. When applicable, the effects of gender-affirming hormone use on individual cardiovascular risk factors are also reviewed. Informed by a conceptual model building on minority stress theory, this statement identifies research gaps and provides suggestions for improving cardiovascular research and clinical care for people who are TGD, including the role of resilience-promoting factors. Advancing the cardiovascular health of people who are TGD requires a multifaceted approach that integrates best practices into research, health promotion, and cardiovascular care for this understudied population.

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Published In

Circulation

DOI

EISSN

1524-4539

ISSN

0009-7322

Publication Date

August 2021

Volume

144

Issue

6

Start / End Page

e136 / e148

Related Subject Headings

  • Transsexualism
  • Transgender Persons
  • Stress, Psychological
  • Stress, Physiological
  • Sex Factors
  • Risk Factors
  • Risk Assessment
  • Prognosis
  • Male
  • Humans
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Streed, C. G., Beach, L. B., Caceres, B. A., Dowshen, N. L., Moreau, K. L., Mukherjee, M., … American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Hypertension; and Stroke Council. (2021). Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 144(6), e136–e148. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000001003
Streed, Carl G., Lauren B. Beach, Billy A. Caceres, Nadia L. Dowshen, Kerrie L. Moreau, Monica Mukherjee, Tonia Poteat, et al. “Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation 144, no. 6 (August 2021): e136–48. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000001003.
Streed CG, Beach LB, Caceres BA, Dowshen NL, Moreau KL, Mukherjee M, et al. Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Aug;144(6):e136–48.
Streed, Carl G., et al. “Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation, vol. 144, no. 6, Aug. 2021, pp. e136–48. Epmc, doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001003.
Streed CG, Beach LB, Caceres BA, Dowshen NL, Moreau KL, Mukherjee M, Poteat T, Radix A, Reisner SL, Singh V, American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Hypertension; and Stroke Council. Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Aug;144(6):e136–e148.

Published In

Circulation

DOI

EISSN

1524-4539

ISSN

0009-7322

Publication Date

August 2021

Volume

144

Issue

6

Start / End Page

e136 / e148

Related Subject Headings

  • Transsexualism
  • Transgender Persons
  • Stress, Psychological
  • Stress, Physiological
  • Sex Factors
  • Risk Factors
  • Risk Assessment
  • Prognosis
  • Male
  • Humans