The behavioral constellation of deprivation may be best understood as risk management.

Although the authors make a compelling case that early-life deprivation leads to present orientation, we believe that such behaviors may be better understood in terms of an underlying risk-management strategy, in which those who experience such deprivation are more risk-averse. The model we sketch accommodates the authors' present-orientation observations and further explains differences in risk preferences and social preferences.

Duke Scholars

Author Dorsa Amir Psychology & Neuroscience