Assessment of hematological toxicity in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors and extensive/innumerable bone metastases undergoing lutetium-177 DOTATATE treatment.

592Background: The introduction of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using Lutetium-177 (¹⁷⁷Lu) DOTATATE has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Hematological toxicity is a well-recognized adverse effect (AE) of ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTATATE. Most cytopenias are transient, with an estimated incidence of 10-25%, typically mild to moderate in severity (grade G1-2). The most dreaded AE of PRRT is therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN), with an estimated 2-8% incidence and a higher incidence reported in patients who also received prior chemotherapy. We sought to evaluate the hematological safety of ¹⁷⁷Lu PRRT in the setting of NETs with extensive (i.e., innumerable) bone metastases. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all Mayo Clinic patients (pts) with extensive/innumerable osseous metastases, defined as >50% skeletal involvement by positron emission tomography (PET) DOTATATE, who were treated with ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTATATE. Pts characteristics and laboratory results were collected before, during, and after ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTATATE treatment. Hematotoxicity was graded according to the NCI-CTCAE v5. Results: Out of 27 pts, 13(48%) developed cytopenia(s) of any grade after treatment with one or more cycles of ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTATATE. In total, there were 13(48%) pts with anemia, 13(48%) with thrombocytopenia, and 6(22%) with neutropenia. Six (22%) pts had severe hematological toxicity (G3-4). Twelve months post-PRRT, 7(26%) pts continued to experience cytopenia(s) of any grade, of whom 4(15%) had G3-4 hematotoxicity. One pt developed t-MN, and two pts had myelophthisis on bone marrow biopsy from infiltrating NET. 16(59%) pts received cytotoxic chemotherapy before PRRT, and 7(25.9%) developed subsequent cytopenia(s). Overall, 15(55%) pts completed four cycles, while 3 pts didn’t complete four cycles of ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTATATE due to hematotoxicity. Conclusions: Pts with advanced NETs and extensive/innumerable bone metastases treated with PRRT could be at higher risk for myelosuppression than historical controls. Our study highlights the importance of carefully monitoring and assessing hematological parameters in pts being considered for ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTATATE with extensive/innumerable bone metastasis. [Table presented]

Duke Scholars

Author Tucker Wade Coston Medicine, Medical Oncology