Effects of submersion on VO2: comparing maximum aerobic exertion on land and underwater.

INTRODUCTION: Submersion results in blood redistribution into the pulmonary circulation, causing changes in pulmonary compliance and increased cardiac preload. Few studies have compared incremental exercise to exhaustion (VO2 max testing) in a dry environment with exercise underwater. We hypothesized that the physiological effects of submersion would result in lower heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) compared with dry conditions. METHODS: Fourteen male and four female volunteers completed two VO2 peak testing sessions with approximately two hours between trials: first in the dry laboratory on a cycle ergometer and second while fully submersed in a prone position with zero static lung load. HR was monitored via ECG, and inspiratory and expiratory gas compositions were recorded using a metabolic cart. The tests were terminated once the subject reached exhaustion. RESULTS: Absolute VO2 peak was lower in the submersed VO2 max trial (37.1 ± 7.0 mL•kg-1•min-1) compared with dry exercise (45.8 ± 8.9 mL•kg-1•min-1) p < 0.001. HR and VE were also lower in the submersed trial. CONCLUSIONS: VO2 peak while submersed is reduced relative to dry VO2 peak, which may be partly due to a decrease in heart rate and a reduction in VE.

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Author Bruce James Derrick Emergency Medicine

Author Richard Edward Moon Anesthesiology, General, Vascular, High Risk Transplant & Cr ...