Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Cryotherapy
A thorough understanding of normal prostate ultrasound anatomy is a prerequisite to the performance of effective prostate cryotherapy. Recommendations on optimization of imaging are provided, as well as suggestions to minimize injury to surrounding tissue. A comprehensive description of the pretreatment sonographic evaluation and operative techniques for primary and salvage prostate cryotherapy are included, with accompanying images. Possible applications of focal cryotherapy are explained. Oncologic outcomes data are discussed for primary, salvage, and focal prostate cryotherapy. The clinical utility of 3D transperineal mapping biopsies, with associated images, is provided. Finally, pitfalls resulting in incomplete ablation are explained, with comprehensive diagrams.
