Discharge properties of Mg-Zn-Ca-In alloys as anodes for primary Mg-air batteries

The synergistic enhancement of voltage and efficiency remains a critical challenge in the development of high-energy-density magnesium–air batteries. In this study, a novel Mg-1Zn-1Ca-1.5In anode was developed, demonstrating superior performance with anodic efficiency of 65.74 %, discharge voltage of 1.38 V, and specific energy density of 1953.01 ± 132.9 mWh g⁻¹ at 10 mA cm⁻². To understand the underlying mechanisms, synergistic strategies contributing to the concurrent enhancement of both voltage and efficiency were systematically investigated. The presence of the (Mg, In)2Ca phase promotes the primary dissolution and subsequent formation of the discharge products, effectively facilitating the transfer of hydrogen evolution sites from the secondary phase to the α-Mg matrix. Meanwhile, the incorporation of In into the α-Mg matrix significantly suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction, thereby enhancing anodic efficiency. Additionally, the negative shift of the self-corrosion potential and the formation of a thinner discharge product layer further improve the discharge voltage. This study provides valuable insights into the rational design of magnesium alloy anodes with simultaneously high efficiency and voltage, offering a promising pathway toward the development of next-generation Mg–air batteries.

Duke Scholars

Author Zhaohui Wang Pathology