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An Exploratory Examination of the Ubiquity of the “Strong Black Woman” Schema

Publication ,  Journal Article
Abrams, JA; Dickens, DD; Maxwell, M; Smith, TA; Rutledge, JD; Spivey, BN
Published in: Journal of Black Psychology
February 1, 2026

Research has shown that internalization of the Strong Black Woman (SBW) Schema is associated with negative psychological outcomes, such as depression and anxiety. The current study aimed to determine the ubiquity of the SBW Schema by exploring the extent to which Black women who endorse schema characteristics do so consistently or differently across demographic characteristics including age, income level, marital status, and motherhood status. Black women of diverse backgrounds (N = 222) were surveyed and statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in endorsement of SBW schema characteristics based on age (millennials compared to older generations), marital status, and motherhood status. However, findings showed that Black women with higher levels of income were less likely to endorse a SBW Schema characteristic compared to those with lower levels of income. This exploratory research supports existing literature that suggests the SBW Schema is embraced by Black women of diverse backgrounds and clarifies the importance of socioeconomic status as it pertains to SBW endorsement. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Journal of Black Psychology

DOI

EISSN

1552-4558

ISSN

0095-7984

Publication Date

February 1, 2026

Volume

52

Issue

1

Start / End Page

113 / 129

Related Subject Headings

  • Social Psychology
  • 5205 Social and personality psychology
  • 5203 Clinical and health psychology
  • 5201 Applied and developmental psychology
  • 1701 Psychology
 

Citation

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Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Abrams, J. A., Dickens, D. D., Maxwell, M., Smith, T. A., Rutledge, J. D., & Spivey, B. N. (2026). An Exploratory Examination of the Ubiquity of the “Strong Black Woman” Schema (Accepted). Journal of Black Psychology, 52(1), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984251387964
Abrams, J. A., D. D. Dickens, M. Maxwell, T. A. Smith, J. D. Rutledge, and B. N. Spivey. “An Exploratory Examination of the Ubiquity of the “Strong Black Woman” Schema (Accepted).” Journal of Black Psychology 52, no. 1 (February 1, 2026): 113–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984251387964.
Abrams JA, Dickens DD, Maxwell M, Smith TA, Rutledge JD, Spivey BN. An Exploratory Examination of the Ubiquity of the “Strong Black Woman” Schema (Accepted). Journal of Black Psychology. 2026 Feb 1;52(1):113–29.
Abrams, J. A., et al. “An Exploratory Examination of the Ubiquity of the “Strong Black Woman” Schema (Accepted).” Journal of Black Psychology, vol. 52, no. 1, Feb. 2026, pp. 113–29. Scopus, doi:10.1177/00957984251387964.
Abrams JA, Dickens DD, Maxwell M, Smith TA, Rutledge JD, Spivey BN. An Exploratory Examination of the Ubiquity of the “Strong Black Woman” Schema (Accepted). Journal of Black Psychology. 2026 Feb 1;52(1):113–129.
Journal cover image

Published In

Journal of Black Psychology

DOI

EISSN

1552-4558

ISSN

0095-7984

Publication Date

February 1, 2026

Volume

52

Issue

1

Start / End Page

113 / 129

Related Subject Headings

  • Social Psychology
  • 5205 Social and personality psychology
  • 5203 Clinical and health psychology
  • 5201 Applied and developmental psychology
  • 1701 Psychology