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First Associated Neutrino Search for a Failed Supernova Candidate with Super-Kamiokande

Publication ,  Journal Article
Nakanishi, F; Abe, K; Abe, S; Asaoka, Y; Harada, M; Hayato, Y; Hiraide, K; Hosokawa, K; Hung, TH; Ieki, K; Ikeda, M; Kameda, J; Kanemura, Y ...
Published in: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
January 20, 2026

In 2024, a failed supernova (SN) candidate, M31-2014-DS1, was reported in the Andromeda galaxy (M31), located at a distance of approximately 770 kpc. In this Letter, we search for neutrinos from this failed SN using data from Super-Kamiokande (SK). Based on the estimated time of black hole formation inferred from optical and infrared observations, we define a search window for neutrino events in the SK data. Using this window, we develop a dedicated analysis method for failed SNe and apply it to M31-2014-DS1, by conducting a cluster search using the timing and energy information of candidate events. No significant neutrino excess is observed within the search region. Consequently, we place an upper limit on the time-integrated electron antineutrino luminosity from M31-2014-DS1 and discuss its implications for various failed SN models and their neutrino emission characteristics. Despite the 18 MeV threshold adopted to suppress backgrounds, the search remains sufficiently sensitive to constrain the Shen-TM1 equation of state, in a more optimistic emission scenario with progenitor stars of 40 and relatively high mean electron-antineutrino energies of about 23.2 MeV, yielding a 90% confidence level upper limit of 1.76 × 10 erg on the time-integrated electron antineutrino luminosity, moderately above the expected value of 1.35 × 10 erg.

Duke Scholars

Published In

The Astrophysical Journal Letters

DOI

EISSN

2041-8213

ISSN

2041-8205

Publication Date

January 20, 2026

Volume

997

Issue

1

Start / End Page

L9 / L9

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Related Subject Headings

  • Astronomy & Astrophysics
  • 5109 Space sciences
  • 5101 Astronomical sciences
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
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MLA
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Nakanishi, F., Abe, K., Abe, S., Asaoka, Y., Harada, M., Hayato, Y., … Shimamura, R. (2026). First Associated Neutrino Search for a Failed Supernova Candidate with Super-Kamiokande. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 997(1), L9–L9. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae2c73
Nakanishi, F., K. Abe, S. Abe, Y. Asaoka, M. Harada, Y. Hayato, K. Hiraide, et al. “First Associated Neutrino Search for a Failed Supernova Candidate with Super-Kamiokande.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters 997, no. 1 (January 20, 2026): L9–L9. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae2c73.
Nakanishi F, Abe K, Abe S, Asaoka Y, Harada M, Hayato Y, et al. First Associated Neutrino Search for a Failed Supernova Candidate with Super-Kamiokande. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2026 Jan 20;997(1):L9–L9.
Nakanishi, F., et al. “First Associated Neutrino Search for a Failed Supernova Candidate with Super-Kamiokande.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 997, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, Jan. 2026, pp. L9–L9. Crossref, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae2c73.
Nakanishi F, Abe K, Abe S, Asaoka Y, Harada M, Hayato Y, Hiraide K, Hosokawa K, Hung TH, Ieki K, Ikeda M, Kameda J, Kanemura Y, Kataoka Y, Miki S, Mine S, Miura M, Moriyama S, Nakahata M, Nakayama S, Noguchi Y, Pronost G, Sato K, Sekiya H, Shiozawa M, Suzuki Y, Takeda A, Takemoto Y, Tanaka H, Yano T, Itow Y, Kajita T, Nishijima R, Okumura K, Tashiro T, Tomiya T, Wang X, Fernandez P, Labarga L, Zaldivar B, Pointon BW, Yanagisawa C, Kearns E, Wan L, Wester T, Bian J, Cortez B, Griskevich NJ, Jiang Y, Smy MB, Sobel HW, Takhistov V, Yankelevich A, Hill J, Jang MC, Lee SH, Moon DH, Park RG, Yang BS, Bodur B, Scholberg K, Walter CW, Beauchêne A, Le Blévec, Drapier O, Ershova A, Ferey M, Mueller TA, Santos AD, Paganini P, Quach C, Rogly R, Nakamura T, Jang JS, Litchfield RP, Machado LN, Soler FJP, Learned JG, Choi K, Cao S, Anthony LHV, Prouse NW, Scott M, Uchida Y, Berardi V, Calabria NF, Catanesi MG, Ospina N, Radicioni E, Langella A, De Rosa G, Collazuol G, Feltre M, Mattiazzi M, Ludovici L, Gonin M, Périssé L, Quilain B, Horiuchi S, Kawabata A, Kobayashi M, Liu YM, Maekawa Y, Nishimura Y, Akutsu R, Friend M, Hasegawa T, Hino Y, Ishida T, Kobayashi T, Jakkapu M, Matsubara T, Nakadaira T, Oyama Y, Portocarrero Yrey A, Sakashita K, Sekiguchi T, Tsukamoto T, Bhuiyan N, Burton GT, Di Lodovico F, Gao J, Katori T, Kralik R, Latham N, Ramsden RM, Ito H, Sone T, Suzuki AT, Takeuchi Y, Wada S, Zhong H, Feng J, Feng L, Han S, Hikida J, Hu JR, Hu Z, Kawaue M, Kikawa T, Ngoc TV, Nakaya T, Wendell RA, Jenkins SJ, McCauley N, Tarrant A, Fanì M, Wilking MJ, Xie Z, Fukuda Y, Menjo H, Yoshioka Y, Lagoda J, Mandal M, Zalipska J, Mori M, Jiang J, Hamaguchi K, Ishino H, Koshio Y, Tada T, Ishizuka T, Barr G, Barrow D, Cook L, Samani S, Wark D, Holin A, Nova F, Jung S, Yoo J, Fannon JEP, Kneale L, Malek M, McElwee JM, Peacock T, Stowell P, Thiesse MD, Thompson LF, Okazawa H, Lakshmi SM, Kwon E, Lee MW, Seo JW, Yu I, Ashida Y, Ichikawa AK, Nakamura KD, Goto S, Hayasaki H, Kodama S, Kong Y, Masaki Y, Mizuno Y, Muro T, Nakagiri K, Nakajima Y, Taniuchi N, Yokoyama M, De Perio P, Fujita S, Jesús-Valls C, Martens K, Marti L, Tsui KM, Vagins MR, Xia J, Kuze M, Izumiyama S, Matsumoto R, Asaka R, Ishitsuka M, Sugo M, Wako M, Yamauchi K, Nakano Y, Cormier F, Gaur R, Hartz M, Konaka A, Li X, Smithers BR, Chen S, Wu Y, Xu BD, Zhang AQ, Zhang B, Adhikary H, Girgus M, Govindaraj P, Posiadala-Zezula M, Prabhu YS, Boyd SB, Edwards R, Hadley D, Nicholson M, O’Flaherty M, Richards B, Ali A, Jamieson B, Bronner C, Horiguchi D, Minamino A, Sasaki Y, Shibayama R, Shimamura R. First Associated Neutrino Search for a Failed Supernova Candidate with Super-Kamiokande. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. American Astronomical Society; 2026 Jan 20;997(1):L9–L9.
Journal cover image

Published In

The Astrophysical Journal Letters

DOI

EISSN

2041-8213

ISSN

2041-8205

Publication Date

January 20, 2026

Volume

997

Issue

1

Start / End Page

L9 / L9

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Related Subject Headings

  • Astronomy & Astrophysics
  • 5109 Space sciences
  • 5101 Astronomical sciences