Biochemical determinants of growth sparing during neonatal nutritional deprivation or enhancement: ornithine decarboxylase, polyamines, and macromolecules in brain regions and heart.
In order to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms operating to protect the brain from growth retardation in response to nutritional deprivation, comparisons were made of markers of cellular development in brain regions (cerebellum, cerebral cortex, midbrain + brainstem) and in a tissue which is not spared (heart). Nutritional status of neonatal rats was manipulated by increasing or decreasing the litter size beginning at birth, and development of DNA, RNA, and proteins followed throughout the neonatal period. In addition, we assessed the activity and levels of ornithine decarboxylase and its metabolic products, the polyamines, which are known to coordinate macromolecule synthesis in immature tissue and to provide an early index of perturbed development. Cardiac ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines were altered within 48 h of initiating the changes in litter size, and the direction and magnitude of these biochemical effects were predictive of subsequent impairment or enhancement of organ growth and of cellular development. All three brain regions were buffered from growth alterations relative to the heart, but the cerebellum, which undergoes major phases of cell replication later than the other two regions, was somewhat less protected. The spared brain regions also showed evidence of compensatory hypertrophy in nutritional deprivation (increased protein/DNA ratio) which accounts for maintenance of growth in the presence of reduced cell numbers. Thus, brain growth sparing involves specific cellular responses which are dependent on the maturational profile of each brain region.
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- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Rats
- RNA
- Proteins
- Protein-Energy Malnutrition
- Polyamines
- Pediatrics
- Ornithine Decarboxylase
- Myocardium
- Litter Size
Citation
Published In
DOI
ISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Rats
- RNA
- Proteins
- Protein-Energy Malnutrition
- Polyamines
- Pediatrics
- Ornithine Decarboxylase
- Myocardium
- Litter Size