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Development and validation of a model to predict cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Stevens, SR; Segar, MW; Pandey, A; Lokhnygina, Y; Green, JB; McGuire, DK; Standl, E; Peterson, ED; Holman, RR
Published in: Cardiovasc Diabetol
August 27, 2022

BACKGROUND: Among individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and confers increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Differentiating risk is key to optimize efficiency of treatment selection. Our objective was to develop and validate a model to predict risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) comprising the first event of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke for individuals with both T2DM and ASCVD. METHODS: Using data from the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS), we used Cox proportional hazards models to predict MACE among participants with T2DM and ASCVD. All baseline covariates collected in the trial were considered for inclusion, although some were excluded immediately because of large missingness or collinearity. A full model was developed using stepwise selection in each of 25 imputed datasets, and comprised candidate variables selected in 20 of the 25 datasets. A parsimonious model with a maximum of 10 degrees of freedom was created using Cox models with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), where the adjusted R-square was used as criterion for selection. The model was then externally validated among a cohort of participants with similar criteria in the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) trial. Discrimination of both models was assessed using Harrell's C-index and model calibration by the Greenwood-Nam-D'Agostino statistic based on 4-year event rates. RESULTS: Overall, 1491 (10.2%) of 14,671 participants in TECOS and 130 (9.3%) in the ACCORD validation cohort (n = 1404) had MACE over 3 years' median follow-up. The final model included 9 characteristics (prior stroke, age, chronic kidney disease, prior MI, sex, heart failure, insulin use, atrial fibrillation, and microvascular complications). The model had moderate discrimination in both the internal and external validation samples (C-index = 0.65 and 0.61, respectively). The model was well calibrated across the risk spectrum-from a cumulative MACE rate of 6% at 4 years in the lowest risk quintile to 26% in the highest risk quintile. CONCLUSION: Among patients with T2DM and prevalent ASCVD, this 9-factor risk model can quantify the risk of future ASCVD complications and inform decision making for treatments and intensity.

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Published In

Cardiovasc Diabetol

DOI

EISSN

1475-2840

Publication Date

August 27, 2022

Volume

21

Issue

1

Start / End Page

166

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Stroke
  • Risk Assessment
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Models, Statistical
  • Humans
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Cardiovascular System & Hematology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
 

Citation

APA
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Stevens, S. R., Segar, M. W., Pandey, A., Lokhnygina, Y., Green, J. B., McGuire, D. K., … Holman, R. R. (2022). Development and validation of a model to predict cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 21(1), 166. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-022-01603-8
Stevens, Susanna R., Matthew W. Segar, Ambarish Pandey, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Jennifer B. Green, Darren K. McGuire, Eberhard Standl, Eric D. Peterson, and Rury R. Holman. “Development and validation of a model to predict cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Cardiovasc Diabetol 21, no. 1 (August 27, 2022): 166. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-022-01603-8.
Stevens SR, Segar MW, Pandey A, Lokhnygina Y, Green JB, McGuire DK, Standl E, Peterson ED, Holman RR. Development and validation of a model to predict cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022 Aug 27;21(1):166.
Journal cover image

Published In

Cardiovasc Diabetol

DOI

EISSN

1475-2840

Publication Date

August 27, 2022

Volume

21

Issue

1

Start / End Page

166

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Stroke
  • Risk Assessment
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Models, Statistical
  • Humans
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Cardiovascular System & Hematology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases