Overview
Charles D. Scales, Jr., MD MSHS FACS is Associate Dean for Clinical Research Initiatives and Associate Professor of Urology and Population Health Science. He completed medical school and residency training in urology at Duke University. After residency, Dr. Scales completed the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program at UCLA, where he received advanced training in health services research, health policy, and quality of care. He teaches these skills to future generations through the Duke Master of Management in Clinical Informatics (MMCi) degree program, and in 2025 will present his course, “Data, Information, and Health Care Transformation” for the 10th consecutive year.
From the research perspective, Dr. Scales has a longstanding interest in the epidemiology of and patient care for urinary stone disease. Recent studies have redefined the epidemiology of urinary stone disease in the United States, compared the effectiveness of dominant stone removal technologies, and identified new opportunities for improving patient-centered and policy-relevant outcomes, such as unplanned care after procedural interventions. His research and perspective on urinary stone disease has been highlighted in U.S. News & World Report, Reuters, NPR, and the Wall Street Journal, among other media outlets.
Currently, Dr. Scales leads a diverse health services and clinical research program at the Duke Clinical Research Institute, where he is the Principal Investigator for the Scientific Data and Research Center for the NIDDK Urinary Stone Disease Research Network (U01). Within the USDRN, he leads the multicenter Prevention of Urinary Stones with Hydration (PUSH) randomized clinical trial, which is the largest randomized controlled stone prevention trial to date, and the multicenter Study to Enhance Understanding of Stent-Associated Symptoms (STENTS) cohort study.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
Recent Publications
Price transparency & out-of-pocket payments for medications: Implications of associated delivery fees in the United States.
Journal Article Health policy OPEN · June 2026 BackgroundPrice transparency has been cited as a tool to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) payments to patients. These tools for prescription drugs often focus on the price to patients for the drug alone. However, costs associated with drug delivery (i.e ... Full text CitePrevention of urinary stones with hydration: a randomised clinical trial of an adherence intervention.
Journal Article Lancet · March 21, 2026 BACKGROUND: Increased fluid intake is universally recommended to decrease the risk of recurrent urinary stones; however, adherence is challenging. The effectiveness of interventions to maintain high fluid intake has not been well studied. We sought to dete ... Full text Link to item CiteStent-associated Symptoms After Two-stage Ureteroscopy: Results From STENTS.
Journal Article Urology · March 2026 OBJECTIVE: To compare patient-reported stent-associated symptoms (SAS) after first- and second-stage unilateral ureteroscopy with ureteral stent placement for treatment of urinary stones. METHODS: Participants enrolled in the Study to Enhance Understanding ... Full text Link to item CiteRecent Grants
1/3 CTSA UM1 at Duke University
ResearchCore Leader · Awarded by National Institutes of Health · 2025 - 20322/3 CTSA K12 Program at Duke University
ResearchMentor · Awarded by National Institutes of Health · 2025 - 2030UrogynCREST Program
ResearchMentor · Awarded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development · 2019 - 2029View All Grants