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Herman Pontzer

Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology
Evolutionary Anthropology

Overview


How did the human body evolve, and how does our species' deep past shape our health and physiology today? Through lab and field research, I investigate the physiology of humans and apes to understand how ecology, lifestyle, diet, and evolutionary history affect metabolism and health. I'm also interested in how ecology and evolution influence musculoskeletal design and physical activity. Field projects focus on small-scale societies, including hunter-gatherers and subsistence farmers, in Africa and South America. Lab research focuses on energetics and metabolism, including respirometry and doubly labeled water methods.

Current Appointments & Affiliations


Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology · 2022 - Present Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences
Director of Graduate Studies of Evolutionary Anthropology · 2023 - Present Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences
Associate Research Professor of Global Health · 2019 - Present Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers
Associate of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society · 2020 - Present Duke Science & Society, University Initiatives & Academic Support Units

In the News


Published April 24, 2026
Nine Faculty Named 2026 Bass Chairs
Published March 26, 2026
Two Duke Faculty Elected as AAAS Fellows
Published January 20, 2026
Why Exercise Doesn’t Burn More Calories — and Why That’s Not the Point

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Recent Publications


Using insertable cardiac monitors to test determinants of heart rate and activity in captive baboons.

Journal Article bioRxiv · March 17, 2026 BACKGROUND: Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) provide fine-grained, continuous data on cardiac activity. These data have great potential to reveal individual physiology, energetics, and stress responses, with implications for animal health, cognition, wel ... Full text Link to item Cite

The evidence for constrained total energy expenditure in humans and other animals.

Journal Article Current biology : CB · February 2026 Energy is a limited resource for living organisms, with trade-offs in expenditure evident among physiological tasks. The impact of physical activity on these trade-offs is currently debated. Additive models, which predominate in human nutrition and animal ... Full text Cite

Sex Differences in Measures of Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults.

Journal Article Curr Dev Nutr · January 2026 BACKGROUND: Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is vital for energy balance and cardiometabolic health, yet its trajectory across the lifespan, particularly in females, remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the effects of aging and ... Full text Link to item Cite
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Recent Grants


Drinking water salinity in a hot-dry environment: Hydration, kidney function, and blood pressure

ResearchPrincipal Investigator · Awarded by Pennsylvania State University · 2024 - 2029

The Physiological Effects of Early Life Stress across the Life Course

ResearchPrincipal Investigator · Awarded by Wenner-Gren Foundation · 2025 - 2027

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Education


Harvard University · 2006 Ph.D.