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Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Hoffman, K; Lorenzo, A; Butt, CM; Adair, L; Herring, AH; Stapleton, HM; Daniels, JL
Published in: Environment international
January 2017

Organophosphate compounds are commonly used in residential furniture, electronics, and baby products as flame retardants and are also used in other consumer products as plasticizers. Although the levels of exposure biomarkers are generally higher among children and decrease with age, relatively little is known about the individual characteristics associated with higher levels of exposure. Here, we investigate urinary metabolites of several organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) in a cohort of pregnant women to evaluate patterns of exposure.Pregnant North Carolina women (n=349) provided information on their individual characteristics (e.g. age and body mass index (BMI)) as a part of the Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition Study (2002-2005). Women also provided second trimester urine samples in which six PFR metabolites were measured using mass spectrometry methods.PFR metabolites were detected in every urine sample, with BDCIPP, DHPH, ip-PPP and BCIPHIPP detected in >80% of samples. Geometric mean concentrations were higher than what has been reported previously for similarly-timed cohorts. Women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI tended to have higher levels of urinary metabolites. For example, those classified as obese at the start of pregnancy had ip-PPP levels that were 1.52 times as high as normal weight range women (95% confidence interval: 1.23, 1.89). Women without previous children also tended to have higher urinary levels of DPHP, but lower levels of ip-PPP. In addition, we saw strong evidence of seasonal trends in metabolite concentrations (e.g. higher DPHP, BDCIPP, and BCIPHIPP in summer, and evidence of increasing ip-PPP between 2002 and 2005).Our results indicate ubiquitous exposure to PFRs among NC women in the early 2000s. Additionally, our work suggests that individual characteristics are related to exposure and that temporal variation, both seasonal and annual, may exist.

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Published In

Environment international

DOI

EISSN

1873-6750

ISSN

0160-4120

Publication Date

January 2017

Volume

98

Start / End Page

96 / 101

Related Subject Headings

  • Seasons
  • Reference Values
  • Pregnancy Trimester, Second
  • Pregnancy
  • Plasticizers
  • Organophosphates
  • Obesity
  • North Carolina
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Interior Design and Furnishings
 

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Hoffman, K., Lorenzo, A., Butt, C. M., Adair, L., Herring, A. H., Stapleton, H. M., & Daniels, J. L. (2017). Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women. Environment International, 98, 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.007
Hoffman, Kate, Amelia Lorenzo, Craig M. Butt, Linda Adair, Amy H. Herring, Heather M. Stapleton, and Julie L. Daniels. “Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women.Environment International 98 (January 2017): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.007.
Hoffman K, Lorenzo A, Butt CM, Adair L, Herring AH, Stapleton HM, et al. Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women. Environment international. 2017 Jan;98:96–101.
Hoffman, Kate, et al. “Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women.Environment International, vol. 98, Jan. 2017, pp. 96–101. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.007.
Hoffman K, Lorenzo A, Butt CM, Adair L, Herring AH, Stapleton HM, Daniels JL. Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women. Environment international. 2017 Jan;98:96–101.
Journal cover image

Published In

Environment international

DOI

EISSN

1873-6750

ISSN

0160-4120

Publication Date

January 2017

Volume

98

Start / End Page

96 / 101

Related Subject Headings

  • Seasons
  • Reference Values
  • Pregnancy Trimester, Second
  • Pregnancy
  • Plasticizers
  • Organophosphates
  • Obesity
  • North Carolina
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Interior Design and Furnishings