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Molecular architectures of trimeric SIV and HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins on intact viruses: strain-dependent variation in quaternary structure.

Publication ,  Journal Article
White, TA; Bartesaghi, A; Borgnia, MJ; Meyerson, JR; de la Cruz, MJV; Bess, JW; Nandwani, R; Hoxie, JA; Lifson, JD; Milne, JLS; Subramaniam, S
Published in: PLoS Pathog
December 23, 2010

The initial step in target cell infection by human, and the closely related simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) occurs with the binding of trimeric envelope glycoproteins (Env), composed of heterodimers of the viral transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41) and surface glycoprotein (gp120) to target T-cells. Knowledge of the molecular structure of trimeric Env on intact viruses is important both for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-cell interactions and for the design of effective immunogen-based vaccines to combat HIV/AIDS. Previous analyses of intact HIV-1 BaL virions have already resulted in structures of trimeric Env in unliganded and CD4-liganded states at ~20 Å resolution. Here, we show that the molecular architectures of trimeric Env from SIVmneE11S, SIVmac239 and HIV-1 R3A strains are closely comparable to that previously determined for HIV-1 BaL, with the V1 and V2 variable loops located at the apex of the spike, close to the contact zone between virus and cell. The location of the V1/V2 loops in trimeric Env was definitively confirmed by structural analysis of HIV-1 R3A virions engineered to express Env with deletion of these loops. Strikingly, in SIV CP-MAC, a CD4-independent strain, trimeric Env is in a constitutively "open" conformation with gp120 trimers splayed out in a conformation similar to that seen for HIV-1 BaL Env when it is complexed with sCD4 and the CD4i antibody 17b. Our findings suggest a structural explanation for the molecular mechanism of CD4-independent viral entry and further establish that cryo-electron tomography can be used to discover distinct, functionally relevant quaternary structures of Env displayed on intact viruses.

Duke Scholars

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Published In

PLoS Pathog

DOI

EISSN

1553-7374

Publication Date

December 23, 2010

Volume

6

Issue

12

Start / End Page

e1001249

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Virus Internalization
  • Virology
  • Viral Envelope Proteins
  • Species Specificity
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus
  • Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
  • Protein Structure, Quaternary
  • Humans
  • HIV-1
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120
 

Citation

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White, T. A., Bartesaghi, A., Borgnia, M. J., Meyerson, J. R., de la Cruz, M. J. V., Bess, J. W., … Subramaniam, S. (2010). Molecular architectures of trimeric SIV and HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins on intact viruses: strain-dependent variation in quaternary structure. PLoS Pathog, 6(12), e1001249. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001249
White, Tommi A., Alberto Bartesaghi, Mario J. Borgnia, Joel R. Meyerson, M Jason V. de la Cruz, Julian W. Bess, Rachna Nandwani, et al. “Molecular architectures of trimeric SIV and HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins on intact viruses: strain-dependent variation in quaternary structure.PLoS Pathog 6, no. 12 (December 23, 2010): e1001249. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001249.
White TA, Bartesaghi A, Borgnia MJ, Meyerson JR, de la Cruz MJV, Bess JW, et al. Molecular architectures of trimeric SIV and HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins on intact viruses: strain-dependent variation in quaternary structure. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Dec 23;6(12):e1001249.
White, Tommi A., et al. “Molecular architectures of trimeric SIV and HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins on intact viruses: strain-dependent variation in quaternary structure.PLoS Pathog, vol. 6, no. 12, Dec. 2010, p. e1001249. Pubmed, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001249.
White TA, Bartesaghi A, Borgnia MJ, Meyerson JR, de la Cruz MJV, Bess JW, Nandwani R, Hoxie JA, Lifson JD, Milne JLS, Subramaniam S. Molecular architectures of trimeric SIV and HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins on intact viruses: strain-dependent variation in quaternary structure. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Dec 23;6(12):e1001249.

Published In

PLoS Pathog

DOI

EISSN

1553-7374

Publication Date

December 23, 2010

Volume

6

Issue

12

Start / End Page

e1001249

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Virus Internalization
  • Virology
  • Viral Envelope Proteins
  • Species Specificity
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus
  • Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
  • Protein Structure, Quaternary
  • Humans
  • HIV-1
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120