S-nitrosothiols in lung inflammation
S-Nitrosothiols (SNOs) are complexes of nitric oxide (NO) bound to thiol groups, which are present in biological systems as proteins and low molecular weight peptides (1,2). SNOs have been regarded by some as markers of NO production [i.e., nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity] with little inherent bioactivity. However, it has now become apparent that SNOs are critical mediators involved in several cellsignaling pathways. For example, S-nitrosylation reactions (i.e., reactions forming S-NO bonds) are involved in the regulation of p21ras (3) the ryanodine receptor (4), the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (5), caspase 3 activity (6,7), and NF-B (p50-p65) (8). In addition, SNOs function physiologically in controlling ventilation (5) and O2 delivery (9).