Herman Pontzer | Scholars@Duke

Herman Pontzer
Associate Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology

How did the human body evolve, and how does our species' deep past shape our health and physiology today? Through lab and field research, I investigate the physiology of humans and apes to understand how ecology, lifestyle, diet, and evolutionary history affect metabolism and health. I'm also interested in how ecology and evolution influence musculoskeletal design and physical activity. Field projects focus on small-scale societies, including hunter-gatherers and subsistence farmers, in Africa and South America. Lab research focuses on energetics and metabolism, including respirometry and doubly labeled water methods.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology, Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2018
Associate Research Professor of Global Health, Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2019
Associate of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society, Duke Science & Society, Initiatives 2020

Contact Information

herman.pontzer@duke.edu

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Harvard University 2006
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Scholar In Residence of Evolutionary Anthropology, Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2017 - 2018
Recognition
In the News
- FEB 16, 2023 Duke Today
  
  A 36-Hour Stay in a Chamber to Advance Metabolism
- JAN 25, 2022
  
  To Save Energy in Extreme Situations, Go Faster
- JAN 13, 2022
  
  Risky Food-Finding Strategy Could be the Key to Human Success
- AUG 12, 2021
  
  Metabolism Changes With Age, Just Not When You Might Think
- JUL 22, 2021 National Public Radio
  
  A Hunter-Gatherer's Guide to a Modern Weight-Loss Diet
- MAR 29, 2021 Duke Research Blog
  
  How Human Evolution Busts Myths about Diet and Exercise
- MAR 5, 2021
  
  Humans Evolved to Be the Water-Saving Ape
- SEP 25, 2020
  
  Seven Million Years of Human Evolution, Captured in 12 Minutes
- MAR 3, 2020 Duke Research Blog
  
  Paleo Health Fact and Fiction
- JUN 5, 2019
  
  Is There a Limit to Human Endurance? Science Says Yes
- JAN 17, 2019
  
  Living Like a Caveman Won’t Make You Thin. But it Might Make You Healthy
- AUG 14, 2018 New York Times
  
  How Body Type May Determine Runners’ and Swimmers’ Destinies
- OCT 31, 2017 Vox
  
  Why you shouldn't exercise to lose weight, explained with 60+ studies
- MAY 4, 2016 The Atlantic
  
  Humans Paid for Bigger Brains With Gas-Guzzling Bodies
- DEC 15, 2015 New York Times
  
  The Unexpected Science of Exercise
Awards & Honors
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
- Determining the energetic cost of locomotion in pilot whales and killer whales awarded by Office of Naval Research 2020 - 2024
- CNH2-S: Long Term Perspectives on Water Security, Food Security, and Land Management Among Daasanach Pastoralists of East Turkana, Northern Kenya awarded by University of Nebraska 2019 - 2023
- Developing insertable cardiac monitors to assess social and environmental effects on the autonomic stress response in a nonhuman primate model of aging awarded by University of Notre Dame 2022 - 2023
- The Cost of Living: Development & Implementation of a large Global Database of Human Metabolic Physiology awarded by National Science Foundation 2018 - 2022
External Relationships
- Calorify Inc.
- Novo Nordisk
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Pontzer, Herman. “Exercise is essential for health but a poor tool for weight loss: a reply to Allison and colleagues.” International Journal of Obesity (2005) 47, no. 2 (February 2023): 98–99. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01248-3.
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  - Sadhir, Srishti, and Herman Pontzer. “Impact of energy availability and physical activity on variation in fertility across human populations.” Journal of Physiological Anthropology 42, no. 1 (February 2023): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-023-00318-3.
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  - Ford, L. B., H. J. Bethancourt, Z. S. Swanson, R. Nzunza, A. Wutich, A. Brewis, S. Young, et al. “Water insecurity, water borrowing and psychosocial stress among Daasanach pastoralists in northern Kenya.” Water International 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 63–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2022.2138050.
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  - Swanson, Zane S., Rosemary Nzunza, Hilary J. Bethancourt, Jessica Saunders, Fionah Mutindwa, Emmanuel Ndiema, David R. Braun, Asher Y. Rosinger, and Herman Pontzer. “Early childhood growth in Daasanach pastoralists of Northern Kenya: Distinct patterns of faltering in linear growth and weight gain.” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council, December 2022, e23842. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23842.
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  - Yamada, Yosuke, Xueying Zhang, Mary E. T. Henderson, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Herman Pontzer, Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, et al. “Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors.” Science 378, no. 6622 (November 25, 2022): 909–15. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm8668.
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  - Hora, Martin, Herman Pontzer, Michal Struška, Pauline Entin, and Vladimír Sládek. “Comparing walking and running in persistence hunting.” Journal of Human Evolution 172 (November 2022): 103247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103247.
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  - Rimbach, Rebecca, Gabrielle Butler, Pratik R. Gupte, Jörg Jäger, Claire Parker, and Herman Pontzer. “Gray squirrels consume anthropogenic food waste most often during winter.” Mammalian Biology = Zeitschrift Fur Saugetierkunde, November 2022, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00326-3.
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  - Halsey, Lewis G., Vincent Careau, Herman Pontzer, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, et al. “Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females.” J Hum Evol 171 (October 2022): 103229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103229.
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  - Zhang, Xueying, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Ellen E. Blaak, Maciej S. Buchowski, Graeme L. Close, et al. “Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature.” Iscience 25, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 104682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104682.
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  - Bethancourt, Hilary J., Zane S. Swanson, Rosemary Nzunza, Sera L. Young, Luke Lomeiku, Matthew J. Douglass, David R. Braun, Emmanuel K. Ndiema, Herman Pontzer, and Asher Yoel Rosinger. “The co-occurrence of water insecurity and food insecurity among Daasanach pastoralists in northern Kenya.” Public Health Nutrition, August 2022, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980022001689.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, and Amanda McGrosky. “Balancing growth, reproduction, maintenance, and activity in evolved energy economies.” Current Biology : Cb 32, no. 12 (June 2022): R709–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.018.
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  - Rosinger, Asher Y., Hilary J. Bethancourt, Zane S. Swanson, Kaylee Lopez, W Larry Kenney, Tomas Huanca, Esther Conde, et al. “Cross-cultural variation in thirst perception in hot-humid and hot-arid environments: Evidence from two small-scale populations.” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 34, no. 6 (June 2022): e23715. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23715.
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  - Ocobock, Cara, Päivi Soppela, Minna Turunen, Ville Stenbäck, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Rebecca Rimbach, and Herman Pontzer. “Reindeer herders from subarctic Finland exhibit high total energy expenditure and low energy intake during the autumn herd roundup.” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 34, no. 4 (April 2022): e23676. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23676.
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  - Rimbach, Rebecca, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Anderson, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, et al. “Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition.” Nat Commun 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 99. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z.
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  - Dunham, Noah T., Diana C. Koester, Ellen S. Dierenfeld, Rebecca Rimbach, and Herman Pontzer. “Balancing the scales: Preliminary investigation of total energy expenditure and daily metabolizable energy intake in Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei).” Plos One 17, no. 6 (January 2022): e0270570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270570.
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  - Higgins, Simon, Alexander Pomeroy, Lauren C. Bates, Craig Paterson, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Herman Pontzer, and Lee Stoner. “Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease risk: An evolutionary perspective.” Frontiers in Physiology 13 (January 2022): 962791. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.962791.
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  - Klasson, Christopher L., Srishti Sadhir, and Herman Pontzer. “Daily physical activity is negatively associated with thyroid hormone levels, inflammation, and immune system markers among men and women in the NHANES dataset.” Plos One 17, no. 7 (January 2022): e0270221. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270221.
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  - Willis, Erik A., Seth A. Creasy, Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, Sarah Kozey Keadle, Hermann Pontzer, Dale Schoeller, Richard P. Troiano, and Charles E. Matthews. “Physical Activity and Total Daily Energy Expenditure in Older US Adults: Constrained versus Additive Models.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 54, no. 1 (January 2022): 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002759.
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  - Kraft, Thomas S., Vivek V. Venkataraman, Ian J. Wallace, Alyssa N. Crittenden, Nicholas B. Holowka, Jonathan Stieglitz, Jacob Harris, et al. “The energetics of uniquely human subsistence strategies.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 374, no. 6575 (December 2021): eabf0130. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf0130.
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  - Westerterp, Klaas R., Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, et al. “Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life.” Am J Clin Nutr 114, no. 5 (November 8, 2021): 1583–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab260.
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  - Careau, Vincent, Lewis G. Halsey, Herman Pontzer, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, et al. “Energy compensation and adiposity in humans.” Curr Biol 31, no. 20 (October 25, 2021): 4659-4666.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.016.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, and Brian M. Wood. “Effects of Evolution, Ecology, and Economy on Human Diet: Insights from Hunter-Gatherers and Other Small-Scale Societies.” Annual Review of Nutrition 41 (October 2021): 363–85. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-111120-105520.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, et al. “Daily energy expenditure through the human life course.” Science 373, no. 6556 (August 13, 2021): 808–12. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe5017.
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  - Rimbach, Rebecca, Ahmad Amireh, Austin Allen, Brian Hare, Emily Guarino, Chana Kaufman, Hannah Salomons, and Herman Pontzer. “Total energy expenditure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) of different ages.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 224, no. 15 (August 2021): jeb242218. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242218.
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  - Rimbach, Rebecca, Ahmad Amireh, Austin Allen, Brian Hare, Emily Guarino, Chana Kaufman, Hannah Salomons, and Herman Pontzer. “Total energy expenditure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) of different ages.” The Journal of Experimental Biology, July 6, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242218.
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  - Jones, James Holland, Anne C. Pisor, Kristina G. Douglass, Rebecca Bliege Bird, Elspeth Ready, Ashley Hazel, Joseph Hackman, et al. “How can evolutionary and biological anthropologists engage broader audiences?” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 33, no. 4 (July 2021): e23592. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23592.
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  - Kozma, Elaine E., and Herman Pontzer. “Determinants of climbing energetic costs in humans.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 224, no. 13 (July 2021): jeb234567. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.234567.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Hotter and sicker: External energy expenditure and the tangled evolutionary roots of anthropogenic climate change and chronic disease.” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 33, no. 4 (July 2021): e23579. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23579.
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  - Raichlen, David A., and Herman Pontzer. “Energetic and endurance constraints on great ape quadrupedalism and the benefits of hominin bipedalism.” Evolutionary Anthropology 30, no. 4 (July 2021): 253–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21911.
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  - Rosinger, Asher Y., Hilary Bethancourt, Zane S. Swanson, Rosemary Nzunza, Jessica Saunders, Shiva Dhanasekar, W Larry Kenney, et al. “Drinking water salinity is associated with hypertension and hyperdilute urine among Daasanach pastoralists in Northern Kenya.” The Science of the Total Environment 770 (May 2021): 144667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144667.
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  - Wood, Brian M., Jacob A. Harris, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Katherine Sayre, Amelia Sancilio, Colette Berbesque, et al. “Gendered movement ecology and landscape use in Hadza hunter-gatherers.” Nature Human Behaviour 5, no. 4 (April 2021): 436–46. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01002-7.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, Mary H. Brown, Brian M. Wood, David A. Raichlen, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Jacob A. Harris, Holly Dunsworth, et al. “Evolution of water conservation in humans.” Current Biology : Cb 31, no. 8 (April 2021): 1804-1810.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.045.
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  - Urlacher, Samuel S., J Josh Snodgrass, Lara R. Dugas, Felicia C. Madimenos, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, Melissa A. Liebert, Cara J. Joyce, Enrique Terán, and Herman Pontzer. “Childhood Daily Energy Expenditure Does Not Decrease with Market Integration and Is Not Related to Adiposity in Amazonia.” The Journal of Nutrition 151, no. 3 (March 2021): 695–704. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa361.
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  - Pontzer, H. “Metabolism myths.” New Scientist 249, no. 3323 (February 27, 2021): 32–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(21)00332-8.
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  - Speakman, John R., Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Elena S. F. Berman, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, et al. “A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies.” Cell Rep Med 2, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 100203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100203.
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  - Bethancourt, Hilary J., Zane S. Swanson, Rosemary Nzunza, Tomas Huanca, Esther Conde, W Larry Kenney, Sera L. Young, et al. “Hydration in relation to water insecurity, heat index, and lactation status in two small-scale populations in hot-humid and hot-arid environments.” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 33, no. 1 (January 2021): e23447. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23447.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Metabolism myths.” New Scientist 245, no. 3323 (2021): 32–36.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Ranging Ecology: The View from Above.” Current Biology : Cb 30, no. 22 (November 2020): R1378–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.029.
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  - Sayre, M Katherine, Herman Pontzer, Gene E. Alexander, Brian M. Wood, Ivy L. Pike, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, and David A. Raichlen. “Ageing and physical function in East African foragers and pastoralists.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 375, no. 1811 (November 2020): 20190608. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0608.
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  - Pontzer, H., R. Rimbach, J. Paltan, E. L. Ivory, and C. J. Kendall. “Air temperature and diet influence body composition and water turnover in zoo-living African elephants (Loxodonta africana): Water turnover in African elephants.” Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201155.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, Rebecca Rimbach, Jenny Paltan, Erin L. Ivory, and Corinne J. Kendall. “Air temperature and diet influence body composition and water turnover in zoo-living African elephants (Loxodonta africana).” Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (November 2020): 201155. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201155.
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  - Pontzer, H., and D. Raichlen. “How to sit.” New Scientist 247, no. 3291 (July 18, 2020): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(20)31249-5.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Herman Pontzer, Theodore W. Zderic, Jacob A. Harris, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Marc T. Hamilton, and Brian M. Wood. “Sitting, squatting, and the evolutionary biology of human inactivity.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117, no. 13 (March 2020): 7115–21. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911868117.
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  - Stoner, Lee, Herman Pontzer, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Justin B. Moore, Nicholas Castro, Paula Skidmore, Sally Lark, Michelle A. Williams, Michael J. Hamlin, and James Faulkner. “Fitness and Fatness Are Both Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Preadolescents.” The Journal of Pediatrics 217 (February 2020): 39-45.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.09.076.
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  - Hora, Martin, Herman Pontzer, Cara M. Wall-Scheffler, and Vladimír Sládek. “Dehydration and persistence hunting in Homo erectus.” Journal of Human Evolution 138 (January 2020): 102682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102682.
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  - Swanson, Zane S., and Herman Pontzer. “Water turnover among human populations: Effects of environment and lifestyle.” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 32, no. 1 (January 2020): e23365. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23365.
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  - Urlacher, Samuel S., J Josh Snodgrass, Lara R. Dugas, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, Melissa A. Liebert, Cara J. Joyce, and Herman Pontzer. “Constraint and trade-offs regulate energy expenditure during childhood.” Science Advances 5, no. 12 (December 2019): eaax1065. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax1065.
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  - Horiuchi, Masahiro, Yoko Kirihara, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, and Herman Pontzer. “Sex differences in respiratory and circulatory cost during hypoxic walking: potential impact on oxygen saturation.” Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (July 2019): 9550. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44844-6.
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  - Pontzer, H. “Step on it.” New Scientist 242, no. 3234 (June 15, 2019): 34–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(19)31086-3.
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  - Thurber, Caitlin, Lara R. Dugas, Cara Ocobock, Bryce Carlson, John R. Speakman, and Herman Pontzer. “Extreme events reveal an alimentary limit on sustained maximal human energy expenditure.” Science Advances 5, no. 6 (June 2019): eaaw0341. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw0341.
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  - Gurven, Michael, Benjamin Trumble, Jonathan Stieglitz, Dan Cummings, Hillard Kaplan, Aaron D. Blackwell, Gandhi Yetish, and Herman Pontzer. “Methodological differences cannot explain associations between health, anthropometrics, and excess resting metabolic rate.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 169, no. 1 (May 2019): 197–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23811.
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  - Rosinger, Asher Y., Herman Pontzer, David A. Raichlen, Brian M. Wood, Susan N. Tanner, and Jeff M. Sands. “Age-related decline in urine concentration may not be universal: Comparative study from the U.S. and two small-scale societies.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 168, no. 4 (April 2019): 705–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23788.
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  - Christopher, Lauren, Felicia C. Madimenos, Richard G. Bribiescas, Samuel S. Urlacher, James J. Snodgrass, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, and Herman Pontzer. “High energy requirements and water throughput of adult Shuar forager-horticulturalists of Amazonian Ecuador.” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 31, no. 2 (March 2019): e23223. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23223.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “EVOLVED TO EXERCISE.” Scientific American 320, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 24–31.
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  - Speakman, John R., Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Dale A. Schoeller, Klaas R. Westerterp, William W. Wong, Yosuke Yamada, Cornelia Loechl, and Alexia J. Murphy-Alford. “The International Atomic Energy Agency International Doubly Labelled Water Database: Aims, Scope and Procedures.” Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 75, no. 2 (January 2019): 114–18. https://doi.org/10.1159/000503668.
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  - Pontzer, H., B. M. Wood, and D. A. Raichlen. “Hunter-gatherers as models in public health.” Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 19 Suppl 1 (December 2018): 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12785.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Method and rationale for recalculating dilution spaces to a single, common time point in doubly labeled water studies.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72, no. 12 (December 2018): 1620–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0361-1.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Energy Constraint as a Novel Mechanism Linking Exercise and Health.” Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) 33, no. 6 (November 2018): 384–93. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00027.2018.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Alternative Energy Physiological evolution in the human lineage.” Natural History 126, no. 8 (September 1, 2018): 37–39.
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  - Gagnon, Christian M., Michael E. Steiper, and Herman Pontzer. “Elite swimmers do not exhibit a body mass index trade-off across a wide range of event distances.” Proceedings. Biological Sciences 285, no. 1882 (July 2018): 20180684. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0684.
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  - Finestone, Emma M., Mary H. Brown, Stephen R. Ross, and Herman Pontzer. “Great ape walking kinematics: Implications for hominoid evolution.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 166, no. 1 (May 2018): 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23397.
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  - Kozma, Elaine E., Nicole M. Webb, William E. H. Harcourt-Smith, David A. Raichlen, Kristiaan D’Août, Mary H. Brown, Emma M. Finestone, Stephen R. Ross, Peter Aerts, and Herman Pontzer. “Hip extensor mechanics and the evolution of walking and climbing capabilities in humans, apes, and fossil hominins.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115, no. 16 (April 2018): 4134–39. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715120115.
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  - Urlacher, Samuel S., Peter T. Ellison, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, Herman Pontzer, Geeta Eick, Melissa A. Liebert, Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Theresa E. Gildner, and J Josh Snodgrass. “Tradeoffs between immune function and childhood growth among Amazonian forager-horticulturalists.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115, no. 17 (April 2018): E3914–21. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717522115.
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  - Pontzer, H., D. A. Raichlen, T. Basdeo, J. A. Harris, A. Z. P. Mabulla, and B. M. Wood. “Mechanics of archery among Hadza hunter-gatherers.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 16 (December 1, 2017): 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.09.025.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “DEMOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF HADZA HUNTER-GATHERERS By Nicholas Blurton Jones 508 pp. (2016). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. $130.00 (paperback).” American Journal of Human Biology 29, no. 6 (November 2017): e23053–e23053. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23053.
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  - Horiuchi, Masahiro, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, Yoko Handa, Daijiro Abe, and Herman Pontzer. “Measuring the Energy of Ventilation and Circulation during Human Walking using Induced Hypoxia.” Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (July 2017): 4938. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05068-8.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Economy and Endurance in Human Evolution.” Current Biology : Cb 27, no. 12 (June 2017): R613–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.031.
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  - Edwards, Wren, Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, and Herman Pontzer. “Total energy expenditure in captive capuchins (Sapajus apella).” American Journal of Primatology 79, no. 5 (May 2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22638.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Herman Pontzer, Jacob A. Harris, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Frank W. Marlowe, J. Josh Snodgrass, Geeta Eick, J. Colette Berbesque, Amelia Sancilio, and Brian M. Wood. “Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter-gatherers.” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 29, no. 2 (March 2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22919.
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  - Hora, Martin, Libor Soumar, Herman Pontzer, and Vladimír Sládek. “Body size and lower limb posture during walking in humans.” Plos One 12, no. 2 (January 2017): e0172112. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172112.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “The crown joules: energetics, ecology, and evolution in humans and other primates.” Evolutionary Anthropology 26, no. 1 (January 2017): 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21513.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “The Exercise Paradox.” Scientific American 316, no. 2 (January 2017): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0217-26.
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  - Sparrow, Leah M., Emily Pellatt, Sabrina S. Yu, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, and Campbell Rolian. “Gait changes in a line of mice artificially selected for longer limbs.” Peerj 5 (January 2017): e3008. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3008.
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  - Gurven, Michael D., Benjamin C. Trumble, Jonathan Stieglitz, Gandhi Yetish, Daniel Cummings, Aaron D. Blackwell, Bret Beheim, Hillard S. Kaplan, and Herman Pontzer. “High resting metabolic rate among Amazonian forager-horticulturalists experiencing high pathogen burden.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 161, no. 3 (November 2016): 414–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23040.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Behavior: Knowing When to Walk Away, Knowing When to Run.” Current Biology : Cb 26, no. 15 (August 2016): R717–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.048.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, Mary H. Brown, David A. Raichlen, Holly Dunsworth, Brian Hare, Kara Walker, Amy Luke, et al. “Metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain size and life history.” Nature 533, no. 7603 (May 2016): 390–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17654.
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  - Laird, Myra F., Erin R. Vogel, and Herman Pontzer. “Chewing efficiency and occlusal functional morphology in modern humans.” Journal of Human Evolution 93 (April 2016): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.11.005.
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  - Yetish, Gandhi, Hillard Kaplan, Michael Gurven, Brian Wood, Herman Pontzer, Paul R. Manger, Charles Wilson, Ronald McGregor, and Jerome M. Siegel. “Response to de la Iglesia et al.” Current Biology : Cb 26, no. 7 (April 2016): R273–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.057.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Lara R. Dugas, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller, and Amy Luke. “Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptation to Physical Activity in Adult Humans.” Current Biology : Cb 26, no. 3 (February 2016): 410–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.046.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “A unified theory for the energy cost of legged locomotion.” Biology Letters 12, no. 2 (February 2016): 20150935. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0935.
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  - Yetish, Gandhi, Hillard Kaplan, Michael Gurven, Brian Wood, Herman Pontzer, Paul R. Manger, Charles Wilson, Ronald McGregor, and Jerome M. Siegel. “Natural sleep and its seasonal variations in three pre-industrial societies.” Current Biology : Cb 25, no. 21 (November 2015): 2862–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.046.
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  - Pontzer, H. “Energy Expenditure in Humans and Other Primates: A New Synthesis.” Annual Review of Anthropology 44, no. 1 (October 21, 2015): 169–87. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-013925.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, Brian M. Wood, Melissa Emery Thompson, Susan B. Racette, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, and Frank W. Marlowe. “Energy expenditure and activity among Hadza hunter-gatherers.” American Journal of Human Biology : The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 27, no. 5 (September 2015): 628–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22711.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and the Evolutionary Biology of Energy Balance.” Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 43, no. 3 (July 2015): 110–16. https://doi.org/10.1249/jes.0000000000000048.
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  - Warrener, Anna G., Kristi L. Lewton, Herman Pontzer, and Daniel E. Lieberman. “A wider pelvis does not increase locomotor cost in humans, with implications for the evolution of childbirth.” Plos One 10, no. 3 (January 2015): e0118903. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118903.
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  - Wood, B. M., H. Pontzer, D. A. Raichlen, and F. W. Marlowe. “Mutualism and manipulation in Hadza-honeyguide interactions.” Evolution and Human Behavior 35, no. 6 (November 1, 2014): 540–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.07.007.
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  - Raubenheimer, David, Jessica M. Rothman, Herman Pontzer, and Stephen J. Simpson. “Macronutrient contributions of insects to the diets of hunter-gatherers: a geometric analysis.” Journal of Human Evolution 71 (June 2014): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.007.
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  - Pontzer, H., K. Suchman, D. A. Raichlen, B. M. Wood, A. Z. P. Mabulla, and F. W. Marlowe. “Foot strike patterns and hind limb joint angles during running in Hadza hunter-gatherers.” Journal of Sport and Health Science 3, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2014.03.010.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, and Peter S. Rodman. “Bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion in chimpanzees.” Journal of Human Evolution 66 (January 2014): 64–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.10.002.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, Adam D. Gordon, Kara K. Schroepfer-Walker, Brian Hare, Matthew C. O’Neill, Kathleen M. Muldoon, et al. “Primate energy expenditure and life history.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, no. 4 (January 2014): 1433–37. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316940111.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Early hominin paleoecology. Edited by MattSponheimer, Julia A.Lee‐Thorp, Kaye E.Reed, and PeterUngar. 368 pp. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. 2013. $70.00 (cloth), $56.00 (e‐book).” American Journal of Human Biology 26, no. 1 (January 2014): 103–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22486.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Brian M. Wood, Adam D. Gordon, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Frank W. Marlowe, and Herman Pontzer. “Evidence of Levy walk foraging patterns in human hunter-gatherers.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, no. 2 (January 2014): 728–33. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318616111.
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  - Foster, Adam D., David A. Raichlen, and Herman Pontzer. “Muscle force production during bent-knee, bent-hip walking in humans.” Journal of Human Evolution 65, no. 3 (September 2013): 294–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.012.
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  - Barak, Meir M., Daniel E. Lieberman, David Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Anna G. Warrener, and Jean-Jacques Hublin. “Trabecular evidence for a human-like gait in Australopithecus africanus.” Plos One 8, no. 11 (January 2013): e77687. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077687.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Herman Pontzer, and Liza J. Shapiro. “A new look at the Dynamic Similarity Hypothesis: the importance of swing phase.” Biology Open 2, no. 10 (January 2013): 1032–36. https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.20135165.
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  - Pontzer, H. “Ecological energetics in early Homo.” Current Anthropology 53, no. SUPPL. 6 (December 1, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1086/667402.
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  - Dunsworth, Holly M., Anna G. Warrener, Terrence Deacon, Peter T. Ellison, and Herman Pontzer. “Metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, no. 38 (September 2012): 15212–16. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205282109.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Relating ranging ecology, limb length, and locomotor economy in terrestrial animals.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 296 (March 2012): 6–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.11.018.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, Brian M. Wood, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Susan B. Racette, and Frank W. Marlowe. “Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity.” Plos One 7, no. 7 (January 2012): e40503. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040503.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, Jessica R. Scott, David Lordkipanidze, and Peter S. Ungar. “Dental microwear texture analysis and diet in the Dmanisi hominins.” Journal of Human Evolution 61, no. 6 (December 2011): 683–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.08.006.
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  - Orkin, Joseph D., and Herman Pontzer. “The Narrow Niche hypothesis: gray squirrels shed new light on primate origins.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 144, no. 4 (April 2011): 617–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21450.
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  - Cowgill, Libby W., Anna Warrener, Herman Pontzer, and Cara Ocobock. “Waddling and toddling: the biomechanical effects of an immature gait.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143, no. 1 (September 2010): 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21289.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, Robert W. Shumaker, Cara Ocobock, and Serge A. Wich. “Metabolic adaptation for low energy throughput in orangutans.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, no. 32 (August 2010): 14048–52. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001031107.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, Campbell Rolian, G Philip Rightmire, Tea Jashashvili, Marcia S. Ponce de León, David Lordkipanidze, and Christoph P. E. Zollikofer. “Locomotor anatomy and biomechanics of the Dmanisi hominins.” Journal of Human Evolution 58, no. 6 (June 2010): 492–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.006.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, Vivian Allen, and John R. Hutchinson. “Biomechanics of running indicates endothermy in bipedal dinosaurs.” Plos One 4, no. 11 (November 2009): e7783. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007783.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Herman Pontzer, Liza J. Shapiro, and Michael D. Sockol. “Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with implications for the evolution of primate locomotion.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 138, no. 4 (April 2009): 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20952.
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  - Pontzer, H., J. H. Holloway IV, D. A. Raichlen, and D. E. Lieberman. “Control and function of arm swing in human walking and running (Journal of Experimental Biology 212 (523-534)).” Journal of Experimental Biology 212, no. 6 (March 15, 2009): 894. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.030478.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, John H. Holloway, David A. Raichlen, and Daniel E. Lieberman. “Control and function of arm swing in human walking and running.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 212, no. Pt 4 (February 2009): 523–34. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.024927.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, and Michael D. Sockol. “The metabolic cost of walking in humans, chimpanzees, and early hominins.” Journal of Human Evolution 56, no. 1 (January 2009): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.09.001.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, and Jason M. Kamilar. “Great ranging associated with greater reproductive investment in mammals.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106, no. 1 (January 2009): 192–96. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806105106.
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  - Carter, Melinda L., Herman Pontzer, Richard W. Wrangham, and Julian Kerbis Peterhans. “Skeletal pathology in Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii in Kibale National Park, Uganda.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 135, no. 4 (April 2008): 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20758.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Herman Pontzer, and Michael D. Sockol. “The Laetoli footprints and early hominin locomotor kinematics.” Journal of Human Evolution 54, no. 1 (January 2008): 112–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.07.005.
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  - Lordkipanidze, David, Tea Jashashvili, Abesalom Vekua, Marcia S. Ponce de León, Christoph P. E. Zollikofer, G Philip Rightmire, Herman Pontzer, et al. “Postcranial evidence from early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia.” Nature 449, no. 7160 (September 2007): 305–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06134.
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  - Sockol, Michael D., David A. Raichlen, and Herman Pontzer. “Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, no. 30 (July 2007): 12265–69. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703267104.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Effective limb length and the scaling of locomotor cost in terrestrial animals.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 210, no. Pt 10 (May 2007): 1752–61. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.002246.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Predicting the energy cost of terrestrial locomotion: a test of the LiMb model in humans and quadrupeds.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 210, no. Pt 3 (February 2007): 484–94. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02662.
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  - Lieberman, Daniel E., David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Dennis M. Bramble, and Elizabeth Cutright-Smith. “The human gluteus maximus and its role in running.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 209, no. Pt 11 (June 2006): 2143–55. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02255.
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  - Pontzer, H., and R. W. Wrangham. “Ontogeny of ranging in wild chimpanzees.” International Journal of Primatology 27, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-005-9011-2.
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  - Pontzer, H., D. E. Lieberman, E. Momin, M. J. Devlin, J. D. Polk, B. Hallgrímsson, and D. M. L. Cooper. “Trabecular bone in the bird knee responds with high sensitivity to changes in load orientation.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 209, no. Pt 1 (January 2006): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01971.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “A new model predicting locomotor cost from limb length via force production.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 208, no. Pt 8 (April 2005): 1513–24. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01549.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, and Richard W. Wrangham. “Climbing and the daily energy cost of locomotion in wild chimpanzees: implications for hominoid locomotor evolution.” Journal of Human Evolution 46, no. 3 (March 2004): 317–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.12.006.
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- Book Sections
  - Raichlen, D. A., J. T. Webber, and H. Pontzer. “The evolution of the human endurance phenotype.” In Routledge Handbook of Sport and Exercise Systems Genetics, 135–47, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315146287-11.
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- Conference Papers
  - Ocobock, C., P. Soppela, M. Turunen, V. Stenbäck, K. H. Herzig, R. Rimbach, and H. Pontzer. “Reindeer herders from subarctic Finland exhibit high total energy expenditure and low energy intake during the autumn herd roundup.” In American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 34, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23676.
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  - Klasson, Chris, Srishti Sadhir, and Herman Pontzer. “Daily Physical Activity is Associated with Suppressed Immune Activity in US Adults.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 174:56–56, 2021.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “External Energy Exploitation and the Shared Evolutionary Roots of Climate Change and Chronic Disease.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 174:85–86, 2021.
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  - Rimbach, Rebecca, and Herman Pontzer. “Effects of physical activity and relatedness on metabolic phenotype in ring-tailed lemurs.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 174:90–90, 2021.
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  - Sadhir, Srishti, and Herman Pontzer. “Interbirth interval and age at first reproduction in populations with disparate energy status.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 174:91–91, 2021.
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  - Swanson, Zane S., Hilary Bethancourt, Jessica Saunders, Rosemary Nzunza, Emmanuel Ndiema, David Braun, Asher Y. Rosinger, and Herman Pontzer. “Distinct patterns of early childhood growth represent variation in life history strategy among Daasanach pastoralists living in Northern Kenya.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 174:101–2, 2021.
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  - Bethancourt, H., Z. Swanson, T. Huanca, E. Conde, J. Saunders, S. Dhanasekar, S. Young, R. Nzunza, H. Pontzer, and A. Rosinger. “Prevalence and predictors of dehydration across distinct water insecure contexts: The Water Insecurity, Stress, and Hydration (WISH) study among Tsimane' in lowland Bolivia and Daasanach in northern Kenya.” In American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 32. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Swanson, Z. S., H. Bethancourt, J. Saunders, S. Dhanasekar, R. Nzunza, A. Y. Rosinger, and H. Pontzer. “The effect of lifestyle variation on health and life history in Daasanach pastoralists of Northern Kenya.” In American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 32. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Ford, Leslie B., Hilary Bethancourt, Zane Swanson, Sera Young, Rosemary Nzunze, Herman Pontzer, and Asher Y. Rosinger. “Human biology among daasanach pastoralists in northern kenya: Water insecurity, water borrowing, and psychosocial stress.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:88–88. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Hora, Martin, Herman Pontzer, Louis E. Defrate, Hal C. Charles, Vladimir Sladek, and Aidan Mcginnis. “Effect of gait and velocity on in-vivo tibial loading in humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:124–124. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Kozma, Elaine E., David B. Morgan, Crickette M. Sanz, and Herman Pontzer. “Climbing and Canopy access in Human Foragers is not limited by Grip Strength or Endurance.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:148–148. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “High energy apes on a hot planet: the challenge of fueling an increasingly energy hungry hominin.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:221–221. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Rimbach, Rebecca, and Herman Pontzer. “Follow my lead: energy expenditures in utero resemble maternal allometry in humans and chimpanzees.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:235–235. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Rosinger, Asher Y., Hilary Bethancourt, Zane S. Swanson, Jessica Saunders, Shiva Dhanasekar, W Larry Kenney, Sera L. Young, Rosemary Nzunza, and Herman Pontzer. “Dam health effects: Drinking water salinity is a key risk factor for hypertension and dilute urine among Daasanach pastoralists in Northern Kenya.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:239–239. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Saunders, Jessica, Zane S. Swanson, Hilary Bethancourt, Shiva Dhanasekar, Rosemary Nzunza, Asher Y. Rosinger, and Herman Pontzer. “Human Biology and the Koobi Fora Field School: New Work with the Daasanach, a Small-Scale Pastoralist Population.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:248–248. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Swanson, Zane S., Hilary Bethancourt, Jessica Saunders, Rosemary Nzunza, Asher Y. Rosinger, and Herman Pontzer. “Distinct early growth trajectory among Daasanach pastoralists of Northern Kenya.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:278–278. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Urlacher, Samuel S., Anukriti Sharma, Jack A. Gilbert, Herman Pontzer, J Josh Snodgrass, Theresa E. Gildner, Felicia C. Madimenos, Melissa A. Liebert, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, and Lara R. Dugas. “Childhood gut microbiome composition among the Amazonian Shuar: Testing links to changing diet, lifestyle, energy expenditure, and health.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:290–91. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Webb, Nicole M., William E. H. Harcourt-Smith, Herman Pontzer, Martin Haeusler, and Mark Grabowski. “How to make a bipedal primate: 1 part phylogeny, 2 parts selection and a pinch of body size.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171:303–303. WILEY, 2020.
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  - Horiuchi, Masahiro, Yoko Handa Kirihara, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, and Herman Pontzer. “Sex Differences In Respiratory And Circulatory Cost And Arterial Oxygen Saturation During Hypoxic Walking.” In Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise, 51:458–458. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2019. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000561874.25337.90.
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  - Ocobock, Cara, Aaron Overbeck, Clare Carlson, Chris Royer, Alexander Mervenne, Caitlin Thurber, Lara R. Dugas, Bryce Carlson, and Herman Pontzer. “Sustained high levels of physical activity lead to improved performance among "Race Across the USA" athletes.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 168:789–94, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23781.
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  - Hora, Martin, Herman Pontzer, and Vladimir Sladek. “Persistence hunting in Levant: Both Neandertals and modern humans could run down a horse.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 168:107–107. WILEY, 2019.
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  - Kozma, Elaine E., Herman Pontzer, Crickette Sanz, and David Morgan. “Arboreal Positional Behavior in Humans, Chimpanzees, and Gorillas.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 168:131–131. WILEY, 2019.
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  - Levy, S. B., A. Sancilio, L. Christopher, F. C. Madimenos, S. S. Urlacher, J. J. Snodgrass, L. S. Sugiyama, H. Pontzer, and R. G. Bribiescas. “An assessment of urinary triiodothyronine (T3) levels as a biomarker of thyroid hormone action: preliminary data from the Shuar Health and Life History Project.” In American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 31. WILEY, 2019.
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  - Pontzer, H., M. H. Brown, D. A. Raichlen, B. M. Wood, A. Luke, L. R. Dugas, and S. R. Ross. “Water throughput in humans and apes.” In American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 31. WILEY, 2019.
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  - Sayre, M Katherine, Herman Pontzer, Brian A. Wood, Gene A. Alexander, and David A. Raichlen. “Influence of physical activity on aging and frailty in human foragers.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 168:217–217. WILEY, 2019.
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  - Swanson, Zane S., Herman Pontzer, Amy Luke, Lara R. Dugas, and Michael E. Steiper. “The effect of the alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism and mtDNA on energy expenditure in modern humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 168:242–43. WILEY, 2019.
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  - Urlacher, S. S., J. J. Snodgrass, L. R. Dugas, F. C. Madimenos, L. S. Sugiyama, and H. Pontzer. “The energetic ecology of childhood: Tradeoffs in energy allocation and the impact of market integration on ontogeny and health.” In American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 31. WILEY, 2019.
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  - Wood, Brian M., Jacob A. Harris, Layne Vashro, M Katherine Sayre, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Amelia Sancilio, et al. “Hadza Hunter-Gatherers Exhibit Gender Differences in Space Use and Spatial Cognition Consistent with the Ecology of Male and Female Targeted Foods.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 168:273–74. WILEY, 2019.
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  - Machanda, Z., N. Brazeau, E. Castillo, E. Otarola-Castillo, H. Pontzer, M. Emery Thompson, M. Muller, and R. Wrangham. “MUSCULOSKELETAL GROWTH IN WILD CHIMPANZEES WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL BEHAVIOR.” In American Journal of Primatology, Vol. 80. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Willis, Erik A., Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, Herman Pontzer, and Charles E. Matthews. “Is More Physical Activity Always Better? Constrained vs Additive Total Energy Expenditure Models.” In Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50:841–841. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2018.
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  - Castillo, Eric R., and Herman Pontzer. “Locomotor-respiratory dynamics and gait frequency tuning in humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 165:43–44. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Eyre, Jennifer, and Herman Pontzer. “The Effect of bi-iliac breadth on thermoregulation during running.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 165:80–81. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Marc T. Hamilton, Jacob A. Harris, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Sarah K. Keadle, Yann C. Klimentidis, Tyler J. Marx, et al. “Fractal patterns of physical activity in hunter-gatherers suggest universal scaling of daily movement in humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 165:218–19. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Swanson, Zane S., Herman Pontzer, Amy Luke, Lara R. Dugas, and Michael E. Steiper. “The effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism on energy expenditure in modern humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 165:268–268. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Urlacher, Samuel S., J Josh Snodgrass, Lara R. Dugas, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, and Herman Pontzer. “Direct measures of total and resting energy expenditure among Shuar forager-horticulturalist children: Evolutionary and epidemiological implications.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 165:281–281. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Kozma, Elaine E., Nicole M. Webb, William E. H. Harcourt-Smith, David A. Raichlen, Kristiaan D’Aout, Mary H. Brown, Emma Finestone, Steven R. Ross, Peter Aerts, and Herman Pontzer. “Mechanics of Hip Extension Characterize Arboreal-Terrestrial Trade-offs in Hominin Evolution.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162:251–251. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Lieberman, Daniel E., Meir M. Barak, Campbell P. Rolian, David A. Raichlen, and Herman Pontzer. “Testing hypotheses about hominin locomotor evolution using models not analogies.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162:262–63. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Otarola-Castillo, Erik R., Eric R. Castillo, Martin Hora, Melissa G. Torquato, Anna G. Warrener, and Herman Pontzer. “walkR: A Software Package to Analyze the Biomechanics of Human Locomotion.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162:306–306. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “How Much Food do Animals Need to Walk, Run, and Climb? This Much.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162:320–320. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Herman Pontzer, Jacob A. Harris, Theodore W. Zderic, Marc T. Hamilton, and Brian M. Wood. “Objectively measured physical activity in a hunting and gathering population.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162:326–326. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Ramirez, Kristen R., and Herman Pontzer. “Intrinsic Manual Proportions affect the Biomechanics of Suspension.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162:326–326. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Schneider, Alaina L., Nesha S. Burghardt, and Herman Pontzer. “Reduced Immune Investment with Energy Stress: Evidence from a Mouse Model.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162:349–349. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Swanson, Zane S., Nicole M. Webb, Herman Pontzer, Jeremy M. Desilva, and William E. H. Harcourt-Smith. “Finite Element Modeling of Talar Loading in Modern Humans with Application to the Hominin Fossil Record.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162:374–75. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Urlacher, Samuel S., J Josh Snodgrass, Karen L. Kramer, Martina Konecna, Herman Pontzer, and Lawrence S. Sugiyama. “Objectively Measured Childhood Physical Activity among Small-scale Populations.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162:389–389. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Gagnon, C., M. Steiper, and H. Pontzer. “Body mass index varies with event distances among elite runners but not swimmers.” In American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 29. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Edwards, Wren, Herman Pontzer, and Elizabeth Lonsdorf. “Energy expenditure and physical activity levels in captive tufted capuchins (Cebus apella).” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159:136–136. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016.
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  - Finestone, Emma M., Mary H. Brown, Stephen R. Ross, and Herman Pontzer. “Videographic analysis of kinematics in great apes: To what extent are gait and posture conserved?” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159:143–143. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016.
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  - Kozma, E. E., D. A. Raichlen, B. M. Wood, and H. Pontzer. “Determinants of Energetic Costs of Climbing in Humans.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 56:E116–E116. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2016.
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  - Kozma, Elaine E., David A. Raichlen, Brian M. Wood, and Herman Pontzer. “Energetics and Muscle Use of Human Climbing.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159:196–196. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016.
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  - Laird, Myra F., and Herman Pontzer. “Gape cycle kinematic variance and occlusal topography in modern humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159:200–200. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, Jacob A. Harris, and Brian M. Wood. “Energetics and Economics of Foraging in Humans and other Apes.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159:255–255. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Herman Pontzer, Jacob A. Harris, Theodore W. Zderic, Marc T. Hamilton, and Brian M. Wood. “Sitting, squatting, and the evolution of human inactivity.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159:261–62. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016.
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  - Thurber, C., B. Carlson, C. Ocobock, L. Dugas, and H. Pontzer. “Metabolic limits and adaptation in humans: Daily energy expenditure in Race Across the USA athletes.” In American Journal of Human Biology, 28:298–298. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016.
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  - Thurber, Caitlin, Bryce Carlson, Cara Ocobock, Lara Dugas, and Herman Pontzer. “Metabolic Limits and Adaptation in Humans: Daily Energy Expenditure in Race Across the USA Athletes.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159:314–15. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016.
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  - Laird, Myra F., Herman Pontzer, and Erin R. Vogel. “Chewing efficiency variation with food material properties and masticatory morphology in humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 156:197–197. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015.
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  - Machanda, Zarin, Nicholas F. Brazeau, Eric Castillo, Erik Otarola-Castillo, Herman Pontzer, Melissa Emery Thompson, Martin Muller, and Richard W. Wrangham. “Musculoskeletal growth patterns in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 156:209–209. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, Mary H. Brown, Holly M. Dunsworth, and Stephen R. Ross. “Humans, the high-energy ape: hominoid energetics and life history evolution.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 156:255–255. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015.
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  - Ramirez, Kristen R., and Herman Pontzer. “Estimates of fossil hominin quadriceps physiological cross sectional area from patellar dimensions.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 156:261–261. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015.
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  - Trumble, Benjamin C., Daniel Cummings, Bret Beheim, Jonathan Stieglitz, Gandhi Yetish, Herman Pontzer, Hillard Kaplan, and Michael Gurven. “Energetic costs of testosterone: higher testosterone is associated with greater lean muscle mass and total energetic expenditure among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 156:307–8. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015.
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  - Darr, Maria R., Herman Pontzer, and David A. Raichlen. “A comparison of mediolateral ground forces in humans and chimpanzees.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 153:102–102. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014.
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  - Glasgow, Allison M., and Herman Pontzer. “Effects of honey consumption and latitude on hunter-gatherer nutritional profiles.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 153:125–125. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014.
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  - Kozma, Elaine E., Herman Pontzer, Nicole Webb, and William Harcourt-Smith. “Hamstrings, moment arms, and gait mechanics in early hominins.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 153:160–160. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, Brian M. Wood, Susan B. Racette, James P. Delany, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Frank W. Marlowe, et al. “Daily water turn over in humans, apes, and fossil hominins.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 153:210–210. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014.
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  - Thomas, Oshane O., William E. H. Harcourt-Smith, and Herman Pontzer. “Exploring the relationship between anthropoid cuboid morphology and expressed locomotor behavior.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 153:253–253. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014.
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  - Darr, Maria R., Herman Pontzer, and Anna Warrener. “The bicondylar angle in modern humans and its relationship to joint stresses and locomotor economy.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 150:108–108. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013.
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  - Green, Stephanie A., and Herman Pontzer. “Comparing forelimb skeletal anatomy in gray squirrels and primates.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 150:136–136. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013.
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  - Laird, Myra F., and Herman Pontzer. “Occlusal surfaces and chewing efficiency in modern humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 150:176–77. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013.
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  - Ocobock, Cara, Herman Pontzer, and John Gookin. “Measuring and predicting daily energy expenditure of highly active humans in natural environments.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 150:210–210. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, Adam D. Gordon, Kara K. Schroepfer, Brian Hare, Holly M. Dunsworth, Brian M. Wood, et al. “Primate energy expenditure and life history.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 150:223–223. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013.
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  - Webb, Nicole M., William E. H. Harcourt-Smith, and Herman Pontzer. “An analysis of the Ardipithecus ramidus pelvis reconstruction using 3D geometric morphometric techniques.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 150:287–287. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013.
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  - Laird, Myra F., and Herman Pontzer. “Biomechanical relationships between chewing efficiency and dental morphology in modern humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 147:188–188. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012.
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  - Pontzer, Herman. “Relating foraging ecology to locomotor economy and limb length in living apes and fossil hominins.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 147:239–239. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Herman Pontzer, Brian M. Wood, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, and Frank W. Marlowe. “Aerobic activity in the Hadza hunter-foragers of Tanzania.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 147:243–243. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012.
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  - Schroepfer, Kara K., Brian Hare, and Herman Pontzer. “Energy expenditure in semi free-ranging chimpanzees measured using doubly labeled water.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 147:263–263. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012.
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  - Maki, J. M., and H. Pontzer. “The relative contributions of the body and the throwing arm to throwing velocity in softball and baseball players.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 51:E223–E223. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2011.
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  - Ocobock, C., H. Pontzer, J. Gookin, and S. Baynes. “A new multivariate model for predicting daily energy expenditure in active human populations.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 51:E102–E102. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2011.
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  - Dunsworth, Holly, Anna Warrener, and Herman Pontzer. “LIFE HISTORY JUST ISN'T HIP: HUMAN EVOLUTION WITHOUT AN 'OBSTETRIC DILEMMA'.” In Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 31:102–102. SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY, 2011.
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  - Dunsworth, Holly, Herman Pontzer, and Terrence Deacon. “Energetics-not pelvic constraints-determine human gestation length and altriciality.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 144:129–129. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Ocobock, Cara, Herman Pontzer, John Gookin, and Sheila Baynes. “Daily energy expenditure in highly active humans in a natural temperate environment.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 144:227–227. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, Brian M. Wood, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, and Frank W. Marlowe. “Hadza forager energetics and the evolution of the human metabolic strategy.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 144:242–242. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Raichlen, David A., Brian M. Wood, Herman Pontzer, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, and Frank W. Marlowe. “Levy walks in hunter-gatherers: when are random walks an optimal search strategy?” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 144:246–47. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Wood, Brian M., David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, James H. Jones, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, and Frank W. Marlowe. “Keeping their friends close? Contrasting models of social association in Hadza hunter-gatherers.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 144:314–314. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011.
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  - Joganic, Jessica L., Herman Pontzer, and Brian C. Verrelli. “The hungry brain: An assessment of liver size correlation with brain size as it relates to energy storage trade-offs across primate evolution.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 135–135. WILEY-LISS, 2010.
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  - Ocobock, Cara, Herman Pontzer, Tom Erez, and Julia Maki. “Climatic and physiological constraints on human body size and shape.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 180–180. WILEY-LISS, 2010.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, and Brian M. Wood. “Hominoid daily energy expenditure and the Human Paradox.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 191–191. WILEY-LISS, 2010.
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  - Ocobock, Cara J., Herman Pontzer, and Julia Maki. “Modification of limb inertial properties leads to persistent changes in neural control of walking in humans.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 49:E283–E283. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2009.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, and Jason Kamilar. “Greater Ranging Associated with Greater Reproductive Investment in Mammals: A New Perspective on Foraging Economics.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 49:E137–E137. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2009.
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  - Erez, T., W. D. Smart, and H. Pontzer. “A new computational method for simulation and optimization of hominin gait.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 125–125. WILEY-LISS, 2009.
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  - Foster, A. D., D. A. Raichlen, H. Pontzer, and M. D. Sockol. “Muscle force production during bent-knee, bent-hip walking in humans.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 129–129. WILEY-LISS, 2009.
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  - Ocobock, T., H. Pontzer, E. Atkinson, R. W. Shumaker, and A Blackburn Wittman. “Locomotor developmental timing in humans and other apes.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 201–201. WILEY-LISS, 2009.
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  - Pontzer, H., C. Ocobock, R. W. Shumaker, and D. A. Raichlen. “Daily energy expenditure in orangutans measured using doubly labeled water.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 213–213. WILEY-LISS, 2009.
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  - Wittman, A Blackburn, L. W. Cowgill, H. Pontzer, and C. Ocobock. “Waddling and toddling: biomechanical effects of an immature gait.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 93–93. WILEY-LISS, 2009.
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  - Raichlen, David, Herman Pontzer, and Michael Sockol. “Are Two Legs Better than Four? Comparative Biomechanics & the Evolution of Human Walking & Running.” In Faseb Journal, Vol. 22. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2008.
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  - Maki, J., and H. Pontzer. “A predictive model for hominid lower limb length based on mean annual temperature, day range and body mass.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 147–147. WILEY-LISS, 2008.
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  - Orkin, J. D., and H. Pontzer. “Is primate-like grasping needed for fine branch feeding? Terminal branch use in eastern gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 166–166. WILEY-LISS, 2008.
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  - Pontzer, H., D. A. Raichlen, and M. D. Sockol. “Endurance versus efficiency in humans and chimpanzees: a new look at the old problem of becoming bipedal.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 173–173. WILEY-LISS, 2008.
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  - Watsa, M., and H. D. Pontzer. “Does increased ranging effort lead to fewer wasted menstrual cycles?” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 218–218. WILEY-LISS, 2008.
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  - Wittman, A Blackburn, and H. Pontzer. “The effect of pelvic dimorphism on locomotor cost: are women less efficient than men?” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 69–69. WILEY-LISS, 2008.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, and Michael D. Sockol. “Locomotor energetics in chimpanzees, humans, and extinct hominins: Contributions of muscular and skeletal anatomy.” In Journal of Morphology, 268:1118–1118. WILEY-LISS, 2007.
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  - Pontzer, H., D. A. Raichlen, and M. D. Sockol. “Contributions of muscular and skeletal morphology to locomotor performance: How much can bones tell us about locomotion?” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 191–191. WILEY-LISS, 2007.
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  - Pontzer, H., D. A. Raichlen, and M. D. Sockol. “Niche expansion of a cryptic primate, Callimico goeldii, during polyspecific associations.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 191–191. WILEY-LISS, 2007.
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  - Raichlen, D. A., H. Pontzer, and M. D. Sockol. “Joint kinetics in chimpanzees and other mammals: Are large bodied primates unique?” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 194–194. WILEY-LISS, 2007.
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  - Pontzer, Herman, David A. Raichlen, and Daniel E. Lieberman. “Is arm swing active or passive during human walking and running?” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 46:E112–E112. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2006.
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  - Raichlen, D. A., H. Pontzer, and M. D. Sockol. “The energetics of quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion in chimpanzees.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 46:E114–E114. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2006.
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  - Pontzer, H. “Locomotor energetics and ranging ecology of fossil hominids.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 148–148. WILEY-LISS, 2006.
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  - Raichlen, D. A., H. Pontzer, and M. D. Sockol. “Energetics of chimpanzee locomotion: Force production during bipedal and quadrupedal walking.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 150–150. WILEY-LISS, 2006.
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  - Pontzer, H. “Linking locomotor energetics to limb design in terrestrial animals.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 45:1057–1057. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2005.
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  - Lieberman, D. E., H. Pontzer, E. Cutright-Smith, and D. Raichlen. “Why is the human gluteus so maximus?” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 138–138. WILEY-LISS, 2005.
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  - Pontzer, H., D. E. Lieberman, E. N. Momin, M. J. Devlin, J. D. Polk, B. Hallgrimsson, and D. M. L. Cooper. “The effect of a "bent-knee" gait on trabecular orientation: an experiment test of Wolff's Law.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 167–167. WILEY-LISS, 2005.
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  - Lieberman, D. E., H. Pontzer, E. Momin, M. Devlin, J. Polk, B. Hallgrimsson, and D. Cooper. “An experimental test of Wolffs law in the knee.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 44:592–592. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2004.
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  - Pontzer, H. “The effect of limb length on locomotor performance.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 44:623–623. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2004.
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  - Pontzer, H. “The effect of leg length on human locomotor performance.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 161–62. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2004.
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  - Wrangham, R. W., and H. Pontzer. “Chimpanzee juveniles constrain their mothers' gregariousness.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 211–12. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2004.
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  - Devlin, M. J., H. Pontzer, D. E. Lieberman, and J. P. Polk. “Trabecular bone orientation in flexed versus extended postures in guinea fowl: A test of Wolffs Law.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 88–89. WILEY-LISS, 2003.
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  - Pontzer, H. “Climbing behavior and locomotor energetics in wild chimpanzees: Implications for hominin locomotor evolution.” In American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 170–170. WILEY-LISS, 2003.
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